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Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a rare, autoinflammatory bone disorder most often seen in children and adolescents characterized by recurrent episodes of sterile osteolytic osseous lesions. Diagnosing CRMO requires the exclusion of other conditions, which is often challenging due to its varied presentations and progression. However, adult-onset CRMO and exclusive spinal cases are extremely rare events, highlighting the importance of this case. Our case presents a 38-year-old female with chronic back pain for 6 months of postepidural anesthesia during a C-section. The pain was progressive, exacerbated by movement, and partially relieved by painkillers. The patient had tenderness on physical examination in the thoracolumbar region. MRI of the spine showed multiple endplate changes, and extensive laboratory tests and biopsy ruled out infectious cause and malignancy, leading to the diagnosis of CRMO. The connection between pain and epidural anesthesia was only an incidental finding. The patient was treated effectively with steroids and etanercept. CRMO is mainly a childhood disease, with adult cases being very rare. Isolated spinal involvement in CRMO is particularly rare and can make the diagnosis challenging. This case highlights that CRMO should be considered in adults with an atypical isolated spinal lesion. NSAIDs are the main treatment, with corticosteroids and TNF inhibitors used in unresponsive cases. This case underscores the need for heightened awareness of CRMO's potential to present in adults with atypical isolated spinal lesions, which could lead to more timely and accurate diagnoses.

This research examines the Islamic obligation of fasting during the month of Ramadan as outlined in the Quran (Q 2:183-5). The author argues that many Islamic scholars have underestimated the importance and significance of this religious duty, instead focusing on the allowances and exemptions provided in the Quranic verses. Through a semantic analysis of the language and structure of Q 2:183-5, the paper contends that the Quran emphasizes fasting as a crucial act of worship that should not be taken lightly. The conditional sentence structure in the verses is interpreted as a rhetorical device to highlight the benefits of fasting, rather than merely providing relief or exceptions. Furthermore, the paper argues that the Quranic mandate for fasting was not novel, as it built upon pre-existing fasting traditions among earlier faith communities like Judaism, Christianity, and even ancient Greek and Buddhist practices. This suggests that the first recipients of the Quran would have understood fasting as a serious religious obligation. In conclusion, the research challenges the common scholarly view that the Quran provides extensive leniency regarding the Ramadan fast. Instead, it posits that the Quranic approach emphasizes the importance and wisdom behind this act of devotion, which Muslims should not underestimate or treat too lightly.

The problem of membrane fouling remains a significant concern in ultrafiltration, a commonly employed method in water treatment due to its high efficacy and minimal energy consumption. This study made a nanocomposite ultrafiltration membrane out of MXene Ti3C2 nanosheets, a new two-dimensional material, to improve the antifouling properties of PVDF membranes. It was possible to incorporate the nanosheets into the membrane structure through in situ embedment during the phase inversion process. To learn more about them, the study investigated the membranes using FESEM, FTIR, water contact angle (CA), and porosity measurements. The application of common flux and rejection tests assessed the manufactured membranes' performance. Adding MXene Ti3C2 to membranes made them less hydrophobic than the original membrane that wasn't mixed with anything else. The porosity and pore size of the membrane exhibit an increase in the MXene ratio. The mixed matrix membrane containing 0.5 wt% of Ti3C2 (M3) exhibited the lowest contact angle (CA). The modification of membrane characteristics has a positive impact on their overall performance. The membrane exhibiting the greatest porosity, specifically 0.5 wt% of Ti3C2, N5, demonstrated the highest flux rates for pure water and protein solution, measuring 538 L/m2.h and 467.8 L/m2.h, respectively. The membrane with the highest hydrophilicity, which was labeled as M3, had much better protein rejection and flux recovery rates than the pure membrane. Specifically, the recorded values for M3 were 96.6, whereas the corresponding values for the pristine membrane were 59.6. MXene Ti3C2 has some interesting properties, such as better water permeability, protein rejection, and excellent antifouling abilities, which makes it a possible material for changing antifouling membranes.

Abstract Background Internet addiction is increasing among adolescents worldwide. There is a lack of research assessing internet addiction and factors contributing to it among adolescents in Jeddah city. The current study aimed to assess the rate of internet addiction among adolescents in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and the potential factors associated with it. Methods A cross-sectional online survey, hosted by SurveyMonkey, was used to capture data on internet use from 462 adolescents aged 12–18 years between March and May 2022. Young’s Internet Addiction Scale was used to assess the degree of internet addiction as perceived by adolescents. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify possible predictors of internet addiction among adolescents in Jeddah. Results The mean age of the participants was 15.5 ± 1.9 years. The majority were females (75%) from public schools (63%), spent an average of six hours on the internet daily, owned smartphones (98%), accessed the internet via a smartphone (94%), and used the internet for socializing (82%). Internet addiction mean score was 39.20 ± 15.20 out of 100. More than two-thirds of the participants had mild to moderate levels of internet addiction (68%). Significant predictors contributing to internet addiction were using the internet for socialization and playing online games. The more hours spent on the internet daily, the more the internet addiction was (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions The internet addiction rate is high among school adolescents in Jeddah. The majority of high school adolescents had mild to moderate levels of internet addiction. Interventional multidisciplinary programs are needed to mitigate the factors that influence internet addiction.

This study aims to analyze the differences in the undergraduate curriculum of Islamic teacher education in Indonesia and Malaysia. This study is a qualitative type where data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The study, which took place at UIN Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia, and the University of Technology Malaysia, showed that there are differences in the structure and management of the curriculum of Islamic religious education study programs, namely; 1) In Indonesia, a bachelor's degree in Islamic religious teacher education can only be obtained by attending university immediately after students complete high school. In contrast, in Malaysia, high school graduates are required to follow one of the matriculation, foundation, or diploma programs for two years before continuing their undergraduate education at the university or the Institute of Teacher Education (IPG). 2) To complete a bachelor's degree in Islamic education, Indonesian students must complete 144 credits in a minimum of 3.5 years and a maximum of 7 years, while in Malaysia only 128 credits are required to be completed in a minimum of 4 years and a maximum of 6 years. 3) Although both are supervised by the dean, the curriculum of the Islamic education study program in Indonesia is completely under the control of the chairperson of the study program, while in Malaysia, 40% is designed by the School of Education department (pedagogy area) and 60% is managed by the Tamaddun Academy (professional and social-personality ability area).

Abstract High frequency systems (HF) are still used in many communication applications. Data can be sent for hundreds of kilometers at a low power cost with only one drawback, low bitrate. To increase the bitrate, several methods were reported using the single‐Tone modulation with 24 kHz bandwidth, but still not practical in real‐time applications because, the 24 kHz is unavailable due to the instability of the ionosphere layer. In this work, we propose a structured method built on the Non‐Orthogonal Multiple Access technique (NOMA) to increase the bit rate per HF narrowband channel. To increase the data rate, two parts of the data are divided and sent to one user over two different power levels. We use the NOMA technique on the receiver's side to recognize the two parts of data. The results show a significant improvement (up to 45%) using NOMA in narrowband 3 kHz channels. The bit rate at the receiver has increased up to 200 Kb/s concerning, while the maximum bit rate recorded by conventional methods used in previous studies is 138 Kb/s. The system is built on the SDR platform and tested in multiple channels, weather, and power conditions in real‐time experiments to validate its reliability.

Background: This study is a pioneer systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at comparing the influence of Class II and Class III skeletal malocclusions on pharyngeal airway dimensions. It stands as the inaugural comprehensive assessment to collate and analyze the disparate findings from previously published articles on this topic. The objective of this study was to identify published articles that compare the effects of class II and class III skeletal malocclusion on the pharyngeal airway dimensions. Methods: An all-inclusive search for existing published studies was done to identify peer-reviewed scholarly articles that compared the influence of class II and class III skeletal malocclusion on pharyngeal airway dimensions. The search was done via five electronic databases: Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. Screening of the articles was done and the eligible studies were critically assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist. Results: The initial search yielded 476 potential articles of which, nine were finally included in this study for a total of 866 patients. Three studies were of cross-sectional design and six were of retrospective study design. Following a critical analysis and review of the studies, class III skeletal malocclusion had significantly larger volume and area measurements compared to class II skeletal malocclusion. Conclusion: Research in the field of literature has established that variations in skeletal classifications have a discernible effect on the size of the pharyngeal airways. With the advancement of skeletal malocclusions to a class III, there is an observed increase in both the volume and cross-sectional area of the airways.

Introduction Sucrose is an evidence-based intervention used for short-term pain management and distress from minor procedures. Limited research exists on nurses’ knowledge and use of sucrose in Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Saudi Arabia. Objective To assess nurses’ knowledge and use of sucrose in Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was used to collect data from a convenience sample of 68 neonatal intensive care nurses in Saudi Arabia. A modified tool assessed the knowledge and use of sucrose. Logistic regression analysis was used to find the predictors for sucrose use. Results Most respondents never used sucrose for neonatal pain management and did not receive any training on sucrose. The mean knowledge of nurses regarding sucrose and its use was very low (38%): 16% had a high level of knowledge regarding sucrose, 13% moderate, 19% low, and 52% very low. Nurses who received training on sucrose use and nurses who read or heard about sucrose predicted the use of sucrose. Conclusion Nurses’ knowledge and use of sucrose were inadequate. Interventional programs are needed to enhance the nurses’ knowledge regarding sucrose and its use and to enhance the utilization of sucrose as a pain management intervention in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Saudi Arabia.

Q 2: 155–6 explains that every human being must be tested with calamity, so he had to be patient and recite istirjā’: innā lillāhi wa innā rāji’ūn (indeed we belong to Allah and to Him we return). According to al-Ghazali, patience is a character, not just an utterance, as a form of adaptation to certain conditions. So, what is istirjā’: utterance or action? This article questions the istirjā verse as utterance or action using a semantic approach. It will check the textual and situational context of the verse to understand the spirit behind the revelation of the verse. This article argues that qāla in Q 2: 155–6 does not mean to say but to act. The patient person realizes that Allah tests humans, so he is not angry but calms down and returns everything to Allah. This is called istirjā, so it is not just to say but to act. People who utter istirjā angrily are not patient but adapt to certain conditions. However, patient people will be calm and return everything to Allah as a reflection of the character lies beneath.

Efficacious use of antimicrobial agents (AMAs) is paramount to combat a wide range of infections, ensure patient safety, and reduce antimicrobial resistance. To assess the drug utilization patterns of AMAs in hospitalized patients with infectious diseases in a secondary care hospital. A prospective observational study was conducted for 6 months in the internal medicine department. Data were collected, antimicrobial prescription patterns were screened, and drug utilization was assessed using the anatomical therapeutic chemical/defined daily dose methodology. Furthermore, predictors of the prescription of multiple AMAs were also analyzed. A total of 146 patient case records were reviewed and 285 AMAs were prescribed during the study period with a mean patient age of 54.2 ± 24.4 years. The average number of antimicrobials administered per patient was 1.94 ± 0.94. Respiratory tract infection and urinary tract infection were the common indications, and penicillins were the most prescribed class of AMAs. Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of comorbidities (P < 0.05) and longer hospital stays (P < 0.0001) increased the likelihood of prescribing multiple AMAs. The study provides insight into the pattern of prescribing of AMAs which help to improve the quality of care. Prescribing AMAs by generics and from the hospital formulary list according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization is a good sign of clinical practice. The study signifies the need to continuously monitor AMAs to optimize drug therapy and enhance the quality of drug use in clinical practice.

Three possibilities can occur when religion enters a society already having its own culture and traditions: acceptance, rejection, and adjustment. This study analyzed the socio-religiosity of the Kalang people, a minority ethnic group in Kendal, following the arrival of Islam into their lives. Highlighting how they practiced their worship and presented their identity in the majority of Muslim society, the research was focused on the socio-religious practices of the Dukun Kalang as a representation of Kalang people and unveiled her critical roles in the Kalang socio-cultural system, such as leading every ritual activity, and being a source of knowledge about Kalang teachings and other mystical information about ancestral spirits. Using the qualitative method, it was found that the Kalang shaman's religiosity model symbolized the way of religion without losing faith in indigenous culture and traditions. This spiritual adaptation model, in the perspective of symbolic interaction, can be interpreted as a form of resistance and as a strategy to maintain the cultural identity of the minority amid the threat of extinction due to the penetration of major ideologies, including mainstream religions.

Chromium (Cr) ions, discharging from different industrial activities, especially from leather tanning industries, are becoming a major threat for the environment and human health. Therefore, elimination of chromium ions from industrial effluents should be addressed with great attention. Hence, this study was conducted for evaluating the possibilities of using an agricultural waste “flax” to eliminate Cr (III) ions from aqueous solutions. In order to assess the effects of various experimental parameters (i.e., contact time, pH, adsorbent amount, initial chromium ion concentration and particle size) on Cr (III) ions adsorption process, the batch adsorption study was conducted. This study revealed that adsorption of Cr (III) ions by flax required 420 min to reach equilibrium. On the other hand, the maximum (~70%) Cr (III) ions removal was observed at pH value of 2.0. The desorption efficiency with 0.5 M KOH was found to be 90%. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms models were in better correlation with experimental data, according to equilibrium studies. Kinetic experiments showed that the first order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.01 min−1. Use of real wastewater sample became a great success for removing of Cr (III). This result suggests that the flax plant has the potentiality to become an effective and environmentally friendly economical adsorbent for the removal of Cr (III) ions significantly from waste water.

The Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus) is an endangered species endemic to Southeast Asia. Previous research have used maternally inherited, mitochondrial DNA genetic markers to investigate the population genetics of the species but not the biparentally inherited, nuclear genetic markers. However, the increasing pressure of habitat fragmentation and roadkill on the Malayan tapirs has called for an urgent need to assess the species’ genetic status. In this study, the genetic diversity, population genetic structure, and sex-biased dispersal patterns of the tapir population in Peninsular Malaysia were investigated using nine cross-species microsatellite markers, using sixty-seven tapir samples (39 wild, 11 captive-born, and 17 of unknown origin) provided by the wildlife department, zoo and conservation centre. Low genetic diversity of the wild population was found based on heterozygosity and allelic richness, and a cryptic pattern of population genetic structure was inferred. One (K = 3) to two (K = 4) genetic clusters in proximity to the south-western part of the major forest complexes seemed to be experiencing restricted gene flows compared to the other more widespread clusters or clines. Effective to census population size was estimated at 0.39–0.46. Sex-biased dispersal was not found in the current dataset. Even though these results may need cautious interpretation due to possible sampling bias, this study is the first study that investigated the genetic diversity distribution for the species using nuclear markers, and therefore will have conservation implications for the implementation of the Central Forest Spine Master Plan in Peninsular Malaysia to connect major forest complexes.

This study aims to analyze the development and determine the perspective of calligraphy education in Yogyakarta. This research uses a qualitative approach with case studies to obtain a deep and comprehensive understanding of a phenomenon experienced by the research subject. The results showed that the development of calligraphy education was seen at three points of concentration; first, Islamic Higher Education (PTAI); second, in Islamic boarding schools or Islamic-based schools, as one of the learning curriculum materials for students; third; non-institutional calligraphy coaching. This study also contributes to an overview of the dynamics of the development of contemporary Islamic calligraphy in Yogyakarta. It appears a long process passed towards a work that can be enjoyed and deserves to be appreciated.

Abstract Despite increasing conflict at human–wildlife interfaces, there exists little research on how the attributes and behavior of individual wild animals may influence human–wildlife interactions. Adopting a comparative approach, we examined the impact of animals’ life-history and social attributes on interactions between humans and (peri)urban macaques in Asia. For 10 groups of rhesus, long-tailed, and bonnet macaques, we collected social behavior, spatial data, and human–interaction data for 11–20 months on pre-identified individuals. Mixed-model analysis revealed that, across all species, males and spatially peripheral individuals interacted with humans the most, and that high-ranking individuals initiated more interactions with humans than low-rankers. Among bonnet macaques, but not rhesus or long-tailed macaques, individuals who were more well-connected in their grooming network interacted more frequently with humans than less well-connected individuals. From an evolutionary perspective, our results suggest that individuals incurring lower costs related to their life-history (males) and resource-access (high rank; strong social connections within a socially tolerant macaque species), but also higher costs on account of compromising the advantages of being in the core of their group (spatial periphery), are the most likely to take risks by interacting with humans in anthropogenic environments. From a conservation perspective, evaluating individual behavior will better inform efforts to minimize conflict-related costs and zoonotic-risk.

The study aims to scrutinize the level of administrative empowerment involving its dimensions (delegating powers/devolution of authorities, independence, learning, and training) on institutional performance (commitment to quality standards, achieving the goals, and staff performance) of Al-Ahliyya Amman University (AAU). The researchers applied the descriptive-analytical method by developing a questionnaire that was distributed among a simple random sample consisting of (200) members, and the data were analyzed, and the assumptions were tested using the statistical program (SPSS v20). The findings of the study revealed that there was a statistically significant impact of the level of administrative empowerment including its combined dimensions on the institutional performance at AAU. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant impact of the level of administrative empowerment involving its combined dimensions on the commitment to quality standards at AAU. The researchers recommend adopting a strategy that achieves the implementation of modern management concepts at AAU such as career empowerment, Total Quality Management (TQM), and teamwork, as well as focusing on the qualification of AAU staff. Such training will help workers practice career empowerment through the implementation of specific action plans for developmental purposes, the development of annual training plans, the use of effective means such as lectures, and motivating employees to participate in training courses and activities.

Introduction Headache disorders are among the most common 10 causes of disability worldwide according to the global burden of disease survey 2010. Headache is also wildly common among universities students when compared with other populations. The purpose of this study is to assess headache prevalence among Aleppo University medical, dental and pharmaceutical undergraduate students.Methods A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted among medical, dental and pharmaceutical students at Aleppo University, Syria. We determined the type of headache according to the International Classification of Headache Disorder-III. The total number of participants was 2068. A χ2 test was used to evaluate the association between the categorical outcomes. P

Early-life exposure to toxic chemicals causes irreversible morphological and physiological abnormalities that may last for a lifetime. The present study aimed to determine the toxicity effect of 3,4-Dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA) on Javanese medaka (Oryzias javanicus) embryos. Healthy embryos were exposed to various 3,4-DCA concentrations for acute toxicity (5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg.L−1) and sublethal toxicity (0.10, 0.50, 1.25, 2.50, and 5.00 mg.L−1) for 96 h and 20 days respectively. Acute toxicity test revealed that the median lethal concentration (96h-LC50) was 32.87 mg.L−1 (95 % CI = 27.90–38.74, R2 = 0.95). Sublethal exposure revealed that 1.25 mg.L-1 at 3 days post-exposure (3 dpe) has a significant lower heartrate (120 ± 12.3 beats/min., p

Abstract The purpose of this article is to find out the differences in learning outcomes of students who use the sociodrama method and how big is the increase in Mahārah al-Kalām to students who apply the sociodrama method in Arabic learning that has some maharah as their basic competencies. This is an experimental study, where the research subjects are students of Madrasah Aliyah or Islamic high school. Two homogeneous groups were taken as samples; Class XI Religion 1 as an experimental class and Class XI Religion II as a control group. This research uses Randomized Pretest- Posttest Control Group Design as its research design. The results in this article are based on the results of statistical analysis which shows that the T- Posttest between the control and experimental groups shows that the value of T-count = -4.503

Merambong Island has a diverse assemblage of marine organisms; however, reclamation activity has changed the nature of the island. Hence, this research was conducted to provide the latest inventory of algae throughout a 12-month assessment with correlations to their specific habitats namely sandy, rocky, muddy, and mangrove. The single line transectquadrat method was used to collect samples along temporary 25-meter transects with 5 replications at each site. The specimens were processed in the laboratory and deposited in the herbarium at Algae Herbarium, National University of Malaysia. A total of 46 species were identified including 22 species of Chlorophyceae, six species of Phaeophyceae, and 17 species of Rhodophyceae. The principal component analysis plot shows the species forming groups according to specific habitat. The cosmopolitan species were Chaetomorpha spp. that are able to adapt in various types of habitats. Thus, Merambong Island has great seaweed diversity with specific habitat preference.

Madrasah diniyah is acknowledged as the oldest educational institution that pioneered character education in Indonesia. Therefore, should there is a policy in relation to the dissolution of madrasah diniyah, public responses are emerging to reject the policy. This study reveals two pivotal roles of madrasah diniyah in relation to character education. First, the contribution of madrasah diniyah to the character education program in Central Java. Second, the contribution index of madrasah diniyah to the character education program in Central Java. This is a descriptive quantitative research. The data obtained through questionnaires by using random sampling technique and interviews. Index contribution is measured through an average score of the respondent’s answer. The contribution index is divided into five categories, namely, extreme high, high, medium, low, and extreme low. This research found out that madrasah diniyah, in general, contributes significantly to the majority of all the character education. It highlights, however, medium contribution in terms of honest character and low contribution with regards to character of fond.

تتمتع الإدارة في مواجهة المتعاقد معها في العقود الإدارية بحقوق وسلطات لا نظير لها في العقود المدنية ، فالإدارة تملك سلطات متعددة في مجال العقد الإداري تتمثل بسلطة الرقابة والتوجيه على تنفيذ العقد ، وتعديل التزامات المتعاقد معها دون أن يحتج المتعاقد معها بقاعدة العقد شريعة المتعاقدين المعروفة في القانون المدني ، كما أن لها سلطة توقيع الجزاءات على المتعاقد معها في حالة إخلاله بالتزامه ،بل أن بوسع الإدارة إنهاء العقد انهاءا مبتسرا قبل انتهاء مدته أو انتهاء الأعمال محل التعاقد إذا كان في استمرار تنفيذ العقد تعارض مع المصلحة العامة أو لم يعد تنفيذ العقد محققا للغرض الذي ابرم من اجله ، فالإدارة تملك تلك السلطات من طبيعة المرفق العام ، ووجوب الحرص على انتظام سيرة والإشراف عليه ، وبما يحقق المصلحة العامة ، ومن ثم فأن الإدارة تمارس هذه السلطات حتى ولو لم ينص العقد عليها ودون حاجة من اللجوء إلى القضاء ،وتأسيسا على ما تقدم فأن ممارسة الإدارة لهذه السلطات والامتيازات تعد من السمات المميزة للعقد الإداري ، وتمثل الواجب الأول الذي يقع على عاتق السلطة العامة القائمة على تنظيم المرفق العام ، فالأصل أن لا تنطوي هذه الممارسة على طابع معيب أو غير مشروع من قبل الإدارة ، بحجة تحقيق المصلحة العامة ، وعليه يتعين على الإدارة ممارسة سلطاتها في إطار من المشروعية ، حيث يشكل خروجها عن ذلك خطأ يترتب عليه قيام مسؤوليتها التعاقدية .

Abstract Background Levels of toxic metal exposure in indigenous inhabitants are key bioindicators of the severity of environmental contamination. This study measured the seasonal variation of heavy metals and metallothionein (MT) contents in Asian swamp eels (Monopterus albus) from a paddy field situated in Tumpat, Kelantan, Malaysia, to identify prevalence, patterns and associations and togain insight on the suitability of MT as a biomarker for metal exposure. Methods Gill, muscle and liver tissues of M. albus (n = 50) sampled during the ploughing, seedling, growing and harvesting phases of rice growing were collected. The concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and cadmium (Cd) in these tissues were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. MT from each sample was isolated and purified, and subsequently quantitated using UV spectrophotometry. Associations between metal and MT concentrations, season and tissue type were evaluated using Pearson correlation and ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey HSD analysis. Results Zn was present in higher quantities in gill and liver tissues, while Cu levels were elevated solely in liver. Patterns of non-essential metal accumulation were varied: Cd was detected in low concentrations in all tissues, while Pb and Ni were abundant in gill tissues across all seasons. MT concentration in liver tissue was consistently higher than that found in muscle or gill tissue, except during the growing phase. Moreover, significant correlations (P

Genset or generator set is one of the sources of electricity used in oil palm plantations; genset are placed in a special building that is a Genset’s house. Some of the problems encountered in the Genset’s house are oil spills, fuel oil spills, and dirty floors; scattered items in Genset’s house, packaging of hazardous and untreated substances, no safety sign board, and no work instruction. The study has conducted in an oil palm plantation company located in Central Kalimantan Province. The used method in this study is 5S (Seiri, Seiso, Seiton, Sheiketsu, and Shitsuke) by observing, interviewing, and literature review related to the discussed aspects. The results of the study show that the implementation of 5S makes the Genset’s house cleaner, the more orderly place of the goods, the no oil spill, the wider genset room, and the fundamental advantage is to reduce the environmental pollution due to the hazardous and toxic substances. So that the applied 5S principle to other parts of the company has proved to be effective in the maintenance of Genset’s houses and has reduced the possibility of fires and accidents.

This study explores the potential effects of alien fishes on the native fish community, well-being, and tropic preferences in selected rivers of Klang Valley, Malaysia. Following the Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit assessment, most of the alien fishes (80%) are invasive. The alien species occurrences correlated positively (p < 0.05) with poor water quality, such as rivers with high ammonia-nitrogen and nitrite, but negatively with phosphate and dissolved oxygen. Anthropogenic characteristics, such as rivers with high pollution levels and ease of accessibility to the fish habitat, are mainly associated positively (p < 0.05) with the occurrences of alien fish species. In general, the results of fish stomach contents analyses and their associated indices, together with stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes, revealed domination by alien fishes or diet overlaps between both alien and native fish species. This finding indicates that alien fishes benefited from the impacts of the anthropogenic activities in their surrounding habitats, while their plasticity in feeding habits might help them to invade, survive, and dominate in the rivers of Klang Valley, Malaysia.

(1) Background: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are widely applied in various human products. However, they can be extremely toxic for aquatic organisms, particularly fish. This research was conducted to determine the LC50 of ZnO NPs on the embryos of Javanese medaka (Oryzias javanicus) in ultra-pure, deionized, and dechlorinated tap water; (2) Methods: The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates for six treatments for acute (0.100, 0.250, 0.500, 1.00, 5.00, and 10.00 mg/L) exposures for each type of water; (3) Results: The LC50 of ZnO NPs at 96 h was determined as 0.643 mg/L in ultra-pure water, 1.333 mg/L in deionized water, and 2.370 in dechlorinated tap water. In addition to concentration-dependent toxicity, we also observed time-dependent toxicity for ZnO NPs. In addition, the sizes of ZnO NPs increased immediately after dispersion and were 1079 nm, 3209 nm, and 3652 nm in ultra-pure, deionized, and dechlorinated tap water. The highest concentration of measured Zn2+ in exposure concentrations was found in ultra-pure water, followed by deionized and dechlorinated tap water suspensions. Furthermore, Javanese medaka showed high sensitivity to acute exposure of ZnO NPs in all types of water.

Compound 3,4-dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA) is a metabolite of several urea herbicides and intermediate chemical of several industrial products. Moreover, 3,4-DCA has been frequently detected in aquatic ecosystems around the world. This aniline is more toxic than the parent chemicals, and it affects non-target organisms. This study evaluated a 21-day reproductive response of an emerging aquatic vertebrate model, Javanese medaka (Oryzias javanicus), exposed to 3,4-DCA. Fecundity and gonads histopathology were observed. The spawning rate and fertilisation reduced significantly in the highest exposed-group (250 µg/L). Gonadosomatic index (GSI) was significantly low in females exposed to 250 µg/L. No substantial structural alteration of male gonads. However, oocyte development and ovarian cell structure were disrupted in 250 µg/L exposed females. The gonadal developmental was not affected in the males; however, a significant reduction in the developmental of female gonads was observed at 250 µg/L. These results show that 3,4-DCA interfere with the reproduction of Javanese medaka through fecundity and alteration of gonadal tissues.

The Milky stork is listed as an endangered species endemic to the Southeast Asia region. In Malaysia, the population is currently being reintroduced back into the wild. However, the increase of anthropogenic activity throughout the coastal area might expose the population to hazardous chemicals such as heavy metals. This study highlights the contamination of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in the Milky storkâs diet. Additionally, this is the first time an integrated exposure model being used to assess heavy metal exposure risk to the population. Lead level (5.5â7.98 mg kgâ1) in particular was relatively high compared to Cd (0.08â0.33 mg kgâ1). This was probably related to the different niches occupied by the species in the aquatic environment. The results further show that the predicted exposure doses (through intake of both food and water) for all metals are much lower than the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) values. The total exposure dose for Cd was 0.11 mg kgâ1 dâ1 with TDI value of 0.54 mg kgâ1 dâ1 while Pb total exposure dose was 0.31 mg kgâ1 dâ1 with TDI value of 0.64 mg kgâ1 dâ1. Several possible factors that could lead to the observed pattern were discussed. In conclusion, there is an urgent need to improve the current habitat quality to protect the endangered species. The authors also emphasized on the protection of remaining Milky storkâs habitats i.e. mudflats and mangroves and the creation of buffer zone to mitigate the negative impacts that may arise from pollution activity. Keywords: Milky stork, Heavy metals, Exposure dose, Integrated assessment, Ecotoxicology, Pollution

The expeditious augmentation of the agriculture industry is leaving a significant negative impact on aquatic ecosystems. However, the awareness of the impacts of herbicide Diuron toxicities on the non-targeted aquatic organism, especially fish is still lacking. Javanese medaka, a new model fish species were exposed under sublethal levels and the long-term effects on gonads were investigated via histological studies. A total of 210 sexually mature fish were exposed to Diuron at seven different concentrations; control, solvent control, 1, 50, 100, 500, and 1000 μg/L for 21 days. In this study, Diuron caused histopathological alterations in gonads (ovary and testis) of Javanese medaka (Oryzias javanicus) by decreasing in gonadal staging and maturity of germ cells in oogenesis and spermatogenesis of female and male Javanese medaka. The results obtained in this study had proven our hypothesis that long-term exposure of herbicide Diuron can cause alterations in the gonadal histology of the adults of Javanese medaka.

Formulation of drugs affects their access into human body, thus bioequivalence studies are conducted to assess therapeutic equivalence between medicines which are produced by different manufacturers. In this study, bioequivalence of two cefixime formulations as powder for suspension, Acacime® manufactured by Arab Co. for Antibiotics Industries (ACAI) / Iraq, and Suprax®, manufactured by the Jordanian Co., Hikma, is tested. Twenty-four subjects had participated in the study which was designed as, a randomized, single dose, two period, crossover study. Cefixime concentrations in plasma were measured by validated bioanalytical method, using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. The determined pharmacokinetics parameters were Cmax, AUC0–t and AUC0–∞ for cefixime. The mean results obtained for Acacime® and Suprax® were, for C max: 2.736 and 2.395 µg/ml, for AUC0–t: 16.787 and 16.579 µg/ml*h and, for AUC0–∞: 21.011 and 21.685 µg/ml*h, respectively. The 90% confidence intervals for AUC0-t, AUC0-∞ and Cmax were 92.3 – 110.8%, 84.8 – 102.7% and 96.3 – 117.9% respectively. This study revealed that both products were comparable in efficacy and safety, so they are considered as bioequivalent products and can be used interchangeably. الخلاصة

This study aims to determine the impact of knowledge management infrastructure on the performance effectiveness of the Jordanian organizations that need knowledge to perform their work and tasks. The study sample includes some public and private organizations working in Jordan and dealing with the knowledge subjects. The findings indicated that there was a strong effect for knowledge management infrastructure on the performance effectiveness. Organizations should establish knowledge directorates to discover and transmit knowledge to workers with a view to improve the creativeness and distinctiveness of organizations.

Background Polypharmacy is common among hospitalized patients with infectious infections owing to comorbidities or concomitant illnesses. This raises the likelihood of drug-drug interactions and creates uncertainty for healthcare providers. This study aimed to assess the potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs) among hospitalized patients with infectious diseases in a secondary care hospital. Methods A prospective observational study was conducted in the internal medicine ward for six months after the ethics committee’s approval. Data were collected from patient case records, and prescriptions were screened for pDDIs from a portable electronic physician information database (PEPID) resource analyzed using SPSS, version 27.0. Results In total, 148 patient case records were analyzed, and 549 pDDIs were identified, with 66.8% having at least one or more DDIs. The mean number of drug interactions was 3.70 ± 4.58 per prescription. The most frequently encountered drug interactions were drug combinations such as bisoprolol with atorvastatin and aspirin with tazobactam/piperacillin. Bivariate analysis showed that age, comorbidities, length of hospital stay, and the number of drugs prescribed were risk factors associated with DDIs (p Conclusions This study observed the prevalence of DDIs in hospitalized patients with infectious diseases of ‘moderate’ severity. Prescription screening using a drug information database assists in early identification and prevention of DDIs, enhancing drug safety and quality of patient-centered care.

In the present study, concentration, distribution and speciation of trace metals were conducted to assess the overall classification of Ni, Cu and Pb as well as their risk status in the surface sediments of Klang River. Sequential extraction technique (SET) was used to evaluate the four (exchangeable, acid-reducible, oxidisable-organic and residual) fractions of the surface sediments. The total concentrations of metals ranged from 5.26 µg/g d.w. to 22.93µg/g d.w for Ni; 9.47-66.74 µg/g d.w. for Cu; and 24.78-62.35 µg/g d.w. for Pb. The fractionation of studied metals (except Cu) in most stations were in the order of residual > acid-reducible > oxidisable-organic > exchangeable. The degree of surface sediments contamination was computed for Risk Assessment Code (RAC), Individual Contamination Factors (ICF) and Global contamination factor (GCF). The result of this study showed that none of the metals studied had potential risk to fauna and flora of the Klang River systems.

Surface sediments (0-5 cm) from 21 stations throughout Klang River were sampled for metal concentration as well sediment's pH, total organic carbon (TOC) and particles sizes to obtain an overall classification of metal contaminations in the area. The concentration of metals (µg∕g, Fe%, dw) were as follows: 0.57- 2.19 Cd; 31.89-272.33 Zn; 5.96-24.47 Ni; 10.57- 52.87 Cu; 24.23-64.11 Pb and 1.56-3.03 Fe. The degree of sediment contaminations were computed using an enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo). The results suggested that enrichment factor and geoaccumulation values of Cd were greatest among the studied metals. Pearson's correlation indicated that effectiveness of TOC in controlling the distribution and enrichment of metals was a more important factor than that of the grain size (< 63µm). The study revealed that on the basis of computed indexes, Klang River is classified as moderately polluted river.

Background Polypharmacy is common among hospitalized patients with infectious infections owing to comorbidities or concomitant illnesses. This raises the likelihood of drug-drug interactions and creates uncertainty for healthcare providers. This study aimed to assess the potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs) among hospitalized patients with infectious diseases in a secondary care hospital. Methods A prospective observational study was conducted in the internal medicine ward for six months after the ethics committee’s approval. Data were collected from patient case records, and prescriptions were screened for pDDIs from a portable electronic physician information database (PEPID) resource analyzed using SPSS, version 27.0. Results In total, 148 patient case records were analyzed, and 549 pDDIs were identified, with 66.8% having at least one or more DDIs. The mean number of drug interactions was 3.70 ± 4.58 per prescription. The most frequently encountered drug interactions were drug combinations such as bisoprolol with atorvastatin and aspirin with tazobactam/piperacillin. Bivariate analysis showed that age, comorbidities, length of hospital stay, and the number of drugs prescribed were risk factors associated with DDIs (p Conclusions This study observed the prevalence of DDIs in hospitalized patients with infectious diseases of ‘moderate’ severity. Prescription screening using a drug information database assists in early identification and prevention of DDIs, enhancing drug safety and quality of patient-centered care.

Black scurf and stem canker disease cause by the fungal pathogen of Rhizoctonia solani and it is an economical important disease of potatoes in Bangladesh and throughout the world. This study evaluated the black scurf and stem canker disease development in potato and antagonistic activity of Trichoderma spp. against R. solani. The artificial infections were carried out using the inoculums of R. solani. The treatments (%inoculum) were: T1 (0% inoculum), T2 (5% inoculum), T3 (10% inoculum), T4 (20% inoculum), T5 (50% inoculum), and T6 (100% inoculum). The infection of stem canker and black scurf on progeny tubers increased with increase in inoculum levels. The highest disease incidence and severity was found in T6 (100% inocula). T6 showed the maximum black scurf infected tubers (russet, deformed and sclerotia). The lowest germination percentage, plant height and tuber yield were also obtained in the same treatment (100% inocula). Trichoderma spp reduced the growth of R. solani and the highest growth suppression was noted in isolate TM12. According to antagonistic activity, Trichoderma spp. reduced the growth of R. solani but was not able to stop the pathogen development. This finding showed management of this disease or R. solani invasion requires an integrated approach compared to Trichoderma single approach.

This study was conducted to record the histological features of the gastrointestinal tract of wild Indonesian shortfin eel, Anguilla bicolor bicolor (McClelland, 1844), captured in Peninsular Malaysia. The gastrointestinal tract was segmented into the oesophagus, stomach, and intestine. Then, the oesophagus was divided into five (first to fifth), the stomach into two (cardiac and pyloric), and the intestine into four segments (anterior, intermediate, posterior, and rectum) for histological examinations. The stomach had significantly taller villi and thicker inner circular muscles compared to the intestine and oesophagus. The lamina propria was thickest in stomach, significantly when compared with oesophagus, but not with the intestine. However, the intestine showed significantly thicker outer longitudinal muscle while gastric glands were observed only in the stomach. The histological features were closely associated with the functions of the different segments of the gastrointestinal tract. In conclusion, the histological features of the gastrointestinal tract of A. b. bicolor are consistent with the feeding habit of a carnivorous fish.

The ability of mothers to transfer antibodies (Abs) to their young and the temporal persistence of maternal Abs in offspring constitute important life-history traits that can impact the evolution of host-parasite interactions. Here, we examined the effects of food availability and parental immunization on the transfer and persistence of maternal antibodies in nestling pigeons (Columba livia). This species can transmit maternal Abs to offspring before hatching through the egg yolk and potentially after hatching through crop milk. However, the role of this postnatal substance in immunity remains elusive. We used a full cross-fostering design to disentangle the effects of food limitation and parental immunization both before and after hatching on the levels and persistence of maternal Abs in chicks. Parents were immunized via injection with keyhole limpet hemocyanin antigens. Using an immunoassay that specifically detected the IgY antibodies that are known to be transmitted via the yolk, we found that the levels of anti-KLH Abs in newly hatched chicks were positively correlated with the levels of anti-KLH Abs in the blood of their biological mothers. However, this correlation was not present between chicks and their foster parents, suggesting limited IgY transfer via crop milk to the chick's bloodstream. Interestingly, biological mothers subjected to food limitation during egg laying transferred significantly fewer specific maternal Abs, which suggests that the transfer of antibodies might be costly for them. In addition, the persistence of maternal Abs in a chick's bloodstream was not affected by food limitation or the foster parents' anti-KLH Ab levels; it was only affected by the initial level of maternal anti-KLH Abs that were present in newly hatched chicks. These results suggest that the maternal transfer of Abs could be costly but that their persistence in an offspring's bloodstream may not necessarily be affected by environmental conditions.

The aim of this study is to present the use of a semi analytical method called the optimal homotopy asymptotic method (OHAM) for solving the linear Fredholm integral equations of the first kind. Three examples are discussed to show the ability of the method to solve the linear Fredholm integral equations of the first kind. The results indicated that the method is very effective and simple.

Background Polypharmacy is common among hospitalized patients with infectious infections owing to comorbidities or concomitant illnesses. This raises the likelihood of drug-drug interactions and creates uncertainty for healthcare providers. This study aimed to assess the potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs) among hospitalized patients with infectious diseases in a secondary care hospital. Methods A prospective observational study was conducted in the internal medicine ward for six months after the ethics committee’s approval. Data were collected from patient case records, and prescriptions were screened for pDDIs from a portable electronic physician information database (PEPID) resource analyzed using SPSS, version 27.0. Results In total, 148 patient case records were analyzed, and 549 pDDIs were identified, with 66.8% having at least one or more DDIs. The mean number of drug interactions was 3.70 ± 4.58 per prescription. The most frequently encountered drug interactions were drug combinations such as bisoprolol with atorvastatin and aspirin with tazobactam/piperacillin. Bivariate analysis showed that age, comorbidities, length of hospital stay, and the number of drugs prescribed were risk factors associated with DDIs (p Conclusions This study observed the prevalence of DDIs in hospitalized patients with infectious diseases of ‘moderate’ severity. Prescription screening using a drug information database assists in early identification and prevention of DDIs, enhancing drug safety and quality of patient-centered care.

The study aims to determine the factors affecting the usage intention of AI technology in the hospitality and tourism sector in Malaysia. It also investigates the mediating effect of self-efficacy within some relationships. This is a quantitative study applying a cross-sectional online survey technique. The target population consisted of tourists seeking for services from the tourism and hospitality industry in Malaysia. Data was collected from 250 respondents using a survey questionnaire and analysed by applying a structural equation model using the AMOS 21 version. The results indicate that accuracy experience, insight experience, and interactive experience between trust in AI and eWOM engagements are significant respectively, except for the relationship between interactive experience and eWOM. Likewise, the outcome indicates that trust in AI has a significant positive relationship between usage intention and eWOM, while eWOM significantly and positively influences usage intention. In addition, this study found that word-of-mouth mediates the association between accuracy experience and trust in AI. The results show that self-efficacy moderates the association between accuracy experience and trust in AI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In ERCP for treatment of Choledocholithiasis, stent insertion after CBD clearance may be beneficial in lowering the pressure in the bile ducts and provide better bile drainage, However, CBD stenting is accused to be of unfavorable outcomes. Aim: To compare between CBD stenting and non-stenting regarding of recurrence rate of CBD stones, complications such as CBD leakage and blockage. Methods: This randomized clinical trial study was conducted at Gastro-Intestinal Endoscopic unit of Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University Hospitals, on 60 patients with diagnosis of small CBD stones <15 mm by abdominal ultra-sonography or MRCP. Patients were divided into two groups: group (A): 30 patients who were scheduled for ERCP and underwent CBD clearance and stone retrieval with plastic CBD stent insertion and group (B): 30 patients who were scheduled for ERCP and underwent CBD clearance and stone retrieval without plastic CBD stent insertion. Results: There was significant difference between both groups regarding to recurrence that was higher in group B than group A. Conclusions: Biliary stenting after CBD stone removal reduces the likelihood of stone recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last two decades, investigating the sources of foreign language anxiety in general has increasingly attracted the attention of many researchers in the field of foreign language teaching. However, the sources of anxiety that influence the acquisition of certain specific language skills such as reading in particular have rarely been investigated. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore and understand the underlying problems and factors that contribute to reading anxiety faced by EFL students at Yarmouk University, Jordan. It was a qualitative exploration of the sources of English language reading anxiety for which observation, semi-structured interviews and diaries were collected from six informants with different levels of English language proficiency. The findings of the study revealed that there were two aspects of foreign language reading anxiety: personal factor and text feature. Under the concept of personal factor there were also two main sources of foreign language reading anxiety, which are: afraid of making errors and worry about reading effects. On the other hand, there were three main sources of foreign language reading anxiety under the concept of text feature, which are: unknown vocabulary, unfamiliar topic, and unfamiliar culture. The five main sources of foreign language reading anxiety were arranged according to their occurrences and percentages in the study. Moreover, recommendations were proposed.