Search

The morphology of porous anodic alumina (PAA) formed by anodizing in inorganic electrolytes is reported. An impure aluminum was anodized in sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and chromic acidat room temperature with a constant applied potential 2 – 30 V. The formation of porous anodic alumina was carried out by one and two steps anodization. It is clearly noted that anodizing impure aluminum at room temperature provide higher kinetic of oxide dissolution compared to oxide growth. Two steps anodizing aluminum in sulfate electrolyte always resulted in random porous alumina, while phosphate electrolyte provided strong anodization producing irregular porous alumina with average diameter of 61.6 nm. Two steps anodizing aluminum in chromate electrolyte produce better pore ordering with relatively large size pore distributions. The average pore diameter of alumina increases linearly with applied voltage, with proportionality factor lp 0.83 nmV-1. Annealing the sample increased the interpore distance, removed stresses providing lower activation energy for pore formation.

The objective of this study was to determine breeding value (BV) of rams of Garut sheep at Technical Implementation Unit Development Center for Livestock Breeding Margawati, Garut, West Java. This research was conducted from April 2014 to October 2014. The materials which were used in this study were data record during the last 5 years (2009–2014) that consists of 55 rams and 579 lambs which have weaning weight data. Weaning weight data has previously been corrected based on the type of birth, sex, and weaning age of 100 days. The BV was estimated using the components of heritability and repeatability value which were previously analyzed. The heritability and repeatability values of this study were 0.45 ± 0.08 and 0.34 ± 0.09. Estimation of heritability for weaning weight was calculated using paternal half-sib correlation, and the repeatability was estimated using interclass correlations method. The breeding value was estimated for the absolute value (NPabs) of rams based on weaning weight of the progenies. There were top 10 of dams with the highest BV. The result was sorted by the highest value to the lowest. The highest BV was 16.37 by the name antasena, and the lowest BV has been reported for wayang (15.45). The result of this study can be used as the basis recommendation for selecting rams in Technical Implementation Unit Development Center for Livestock Breeding in Margawati Garut, West Java.