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Background and Objectives: Global warming cause changes in temperature variables and consequently increase in the occurrence of extreme events like floods and droughts, result from extreme weather in most cases; Therefore, it is important to study and investigate the future changes of extreme values of meteorological and hydrological parameters, including temperature, more than the average or median value. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of climate change on the trend of seasonal changes in extreme temperatures (very high and very low values) in coastal stations of Mazandaran province based on CMIP6 models and quantile regression method. Materials and Methods: In this research, in order to investigate the trend of extreme values of temperature in Mazandaran province for the future periods, the output of the sixth generation of climate change models (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6, CMIP6) was used. For this purpose, minimum and maximum temperature of four main synoptic stations of the province, including Babolsar, Qarakhil, Ramsar and Nowshahr, and also the output of the NorESM2-MM climate model from the CMIP6 in near future (2026-2055) and far future (2071-2100) at three optimistic (SSP126), moderate (SSP245) and pessimistic (SSP585) scenarios was used. In order to downscale climate model data at the studied meteorological stations, various methods in the CMhyd downscaling software were used, and the temperature data output for the method that had higher accuracy, was selected for analysis of trend. In the next step, the quantile regression method was used to investigate the seasonal trend of temperature extreme values and the results were analyzed. Results: The results of downscaling using different methods have shown that the Variance Scaling method has the best performance among the available methods in CMhyd. In general, the results show a positive temperature anomaly (annual temperature increase compared to the base period in SSP126=1.3, SSP245=2.56, SSP585=3.2 °C) in Mazandaran province in all months of the year until the end of the 21st century. The intensity of the anomalies is higher in the warm months than in the cold ones. Under the optimistic scenario, the extreme values of the temperature variables in the spring and autumn seasons will decrease by a maximum of 1 degree per decade in the distant future. However, the average minimum temperature is increasing in all scenarios (including the optimistic scenario) and the decrease is only predicted for extreme values. Under the average and pessimistic scenarios, there will be an increase in the temperature extreme values in all seasons, so that its intensity will be greater for the pessimistic scenario and in the spring season (0.15 °C per year). Conclusion: According to the results, it concluded that the significant increase in extreme temperature during the day and night, especially in the warm months of the year, will increase evapotranspiration, and along with the decrease in rainfall in the hot months, it will cause a decrease in water resources in different parts of Mazandaran province and pressure on the groundwater. Therefore, it is very important to formulate and implement appropriate management programs according to the needs of each region, in order to adapt to extreme temperatures and their adverse consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes is one of the serious diseases that can have a significant impact on mental health and quality of life of affected people. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of gratitude training on cognitive emotion regulation and psychological well-being of individuals with diabetes. This quasi-experimental study was conducted using a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. Using the convenience sampling method, 30 individuals with diabetes living in Urmia, Iran, were selected and randomly assigned into either experimental or control group. A gratitude training program was conducted for 10 sessions for experimental group while control group stayed on waitlist. All the participants answered the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ) and the Ryff's psychological wellbeing scale (PWB). ANCOVA by using SPSS 26 was used for data analysis. Results showed that there were significant differences between the experimental and the control group on both mean scores of cognitive emotion regulation and psychological well-being even after controlling for the initial differences (all p's < 0.05). It seems gratitude training improves the quality of life of individuals with diabetes by improving their cognitive emotion regulation and psychological well-being. Therefore, this approach can be applied as an effective intervention for improving mental health in individuals with diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have focused on male infertility. There is limited evidence about the influence of nutrition on quality of semen. Approximately, 30-80% of infertility cases are caused by oxidative stress and decreased level of seminal total antioxidant capacity. This study was aimed to review the effects of oral antioxidant supplements on improving major semen parameters such as sperm concentration, motility, morphology, DNA damage, and fertility rate. Data were extracted from PubMed and Google scholar database by using the terms "antioxidant", "multivitamin", "carnitine", "CoQ10", "vitamin C", "vitamin E", "zinc", "folic acid", "N-acetyl cysteine" and "selenium" combined with "male infertility", "semen", and "sperm" to generate a set of relevant citations. Supplements such as CoQ10 and alphatocopherol significantly improve sperm count. Also, carnitine has positive effects on sperm motility and morphology. Simultaneous administration of vitamin E and vitamin C reduces the sperm DNA damage. However, in some studies, one or more factors have not changed substantially. In most of the studies, antioxidant supplementation improved the number, motility, morphology and sometimes DNA integrity of sperm. The present study showed that antioxidant supplements, especially a combination of antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and CoQ10 intake can effectively improve semen parameters in infertile men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Carnitine supplementation may improve the general health and quality of life of hemodialysis patients by improving adipokines levels. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of L-carnitine supplementation on leptin levels, adiponectin levels, and body weight of hemodialysis patients.Materials and Methods: Fifty hemodialysis patients were randomly divided into the carnitine group, who received oral L-carnitine, 1 g/L for 3 months, and the control group. Anthropometric measurements and serum levels of adipokines were measured at baseline and at the end of the intervention.Results: Forty-two participants completed the study. Serum leptin concentrations decreased after 12 weeks of the intervention in both groups, but these changes were not significant. The mean change of leptin concentration were, -1.7 ± 19.0 µg/mL and -7.1 ± 20.0 µg/mL in the carnitine group and the control group, respectively (P = .39). The mean adiponectin levels at baseline and after the intervention were 8.6 ± 11.19 µg/mL and 9.8 ± 4.1 µg/mL in the carnitine group (P = .67) and 5.0 ± 2.5 µg/mL and 11.2 ± 5.4 µg/mL in the control group, respectively (P  < .001). Serum adiponectin levels increased significantly in the control group only. The decrease in body mass index was not significant.Conclusions: This study showed that a daily supplementation of 1000 mg oral syrup of L-carnitine for 12 weeks did not affect leptin and adiponectin levels or the body weight or body mass index of hemodialysis patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients are likely to experience a wide range of symptoms, ranging from mild to severe, which can lead to hospitalization or even death. Infection and poor nutrition have a twoway relationship. The immune response to an infection is associated with an increased demand for nutrients and may even exacerbate poor nutrition Method: For information on the subject, a search was conducted between 2019 and 2021 on the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The keywords multi vitamin, vitamin D, vitamin B, Vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, Selenium, Micronutrients were used to search. covid-19 related searches were performed for each keyword. Result: The findings of these papers show that patients who were deficient in vitamin D, vitamin C, Selenium, and zinc were likely to display more severe forms of COVID-19. Vitamin D seems to have the most significant impact when consumed in equal bolus before the development of COVID-19. Intravenous injection of vitamin C in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU at a dose of 24 grams in 24 hours was significantly associated with improved COVID-19. More studies are required on group B vitamins due to their proven immune-boosting effect. Conclusions: there is a need to conduct clinical trials with higher power and subsequent metaanalysis studies in order to be able to make a definite statement about the effectiveness of micronutrients on the COVID-19 progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The increased prevalence of overweight and obesity has imposed extensive financial burdens on health care organizations in recent years while some preventative policies such as diet can play an important role. Methods: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify the dominant dietary patterns in the adult population and the relationship between these patterns and anthropometric indices and blood pressure on 360 healthy employees in Yazd. Factor analysis and evaluation of the correlation between dietary patterns and the studied variables by logistic regression method finally showed 3 dietary patterns (unhealthy, mixed, and traditional). Results: The differences in BMI, waist circumference, and blood pressure were not significant in any of the quartiles. People who mostly followed the unhealthy diet had a higher chance of developing abdominal obesity (odds ratio of 3.05 and 95% confidence interval, 1.36 - 6.81). After adjusting the demographic indicators, these values increased to 2.89 times (% confidence interval, 1.26 - 6.64). Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that high adherence to an unhealthy diet is associated with a high risk of abdominal obesity. However, regarding blood pressure and body mass index, no correlation was found between different dietary patterns in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: In this study, we aimed to appraise the effects of interrupting (discontinuing) vs. continuing Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs) on the hemodynamic changes of patients during and after cataract surgery., Methods and Materials: Patients aged 40-70 years, American society of anesthesiologist (ASA) class II, taking ACEI/ARB medications, who were admitted to Khalili hospital (Shiraz, South of Iran) for cataract surgery, were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups for continuing or withdrawing the use of ACEI/ARBs. Group 1 included the patients who continued ACEI/ARB administration, and group 2 included those who discontinued them before surgery. In the operating room, relevant demographic information was collected in addition to the data on patients' basic clinical status, including heart rate and blood pressure, before induction of anesthesia, during, and after that. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 21, and p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant., Results: Any significant differences were not revealed in demographic variables (age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, Myocardial infarction, Smoking, and duration of drug therapy) between the two groups. Time effect was significant (p<0.001) for systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate, and interaction between time*group was not significant (p = 0.431, p = 0.566, and p = 0.355) for systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate. However, the group effect wasn't significant (p=0.701, p=0.663, and p=0.669) for systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate., Conclusion: It seems that in some minor surgeries, such as cataract surgery, withdrawal or continuation of ACEIs/ARBs have no significant effect on the hypotension and heart rate of patients during orafter an operation., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Objective: Cardiopulmonary bypass has been recognized as one of the main causes of systemic inflammatory response syndrome, leading to post-operative complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of melatonin on the serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-9 in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery., Methods: Forty-four patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass surgery were randomly allocated into two study groups of melatonin (n = 23) and placebo (n = 21). Patients in the melatonin group received two melatonin tablet, 5 mg daily for 3 days before surgery, 10 mg tablet (two doses of 5 mg) 1 h before induction of anesthesia and finally, 10 mg melatonin tablet in the intensive care unit, placebo group patients received placebo at the same time periods. Serum levels of IL-9 and IL-6 were measured as baseline (T1), before induction of anesthesia (T2), 6 and 24 h after off pump (T3, T4). Data were analyzed using SPSS 23 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA)., Results: The mean serum level of IL-6 was significantly lower in the melatonin group at T3 and T4 (p ＜ 0.05). Also, in both groups, serum levels of IL-6 in T3 showed a significant increase compared to T1. Serum levels of IL-9 had no significant difference between the two groups at T1, T2, T3, and T4., Conclusion: The results of this study showed that pre-operative melatonin administration could modify inflammatory cytokines secretion such as IL-6 while it has no significant effect on the serum levels of IL- 9. Neither of the changes was clinically significant.