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Background: There are many challenges that entail caring for an individual with dementia, affecting not only the individual with the condition but also their caregivers. This can lead to increased burden, frustration, and depression among those taking care of them. A research gap exists concerning the care of people with dementia in Egypt, particularly regarding the mental health of caregivers. Limited studies have been conducted in Egypt, particularly focusing on the mental health of caregivers. This lack highlights the need to understand the prevalence and impact of caregiver burden in this population. Objectives: The research aimed to evaluate the burden of dementia, levels of depression, and anxiety among family caregivers of individuals with dementia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a geriatric unit clinic of a psychiatric hospital in Cairo University, Egypt. Caregiver burden, anxiety, and depression were assessed using questionnaires. These questionnaires included the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), together with demographic data on the patients and caregivers. Results: The majority of the 141 participants (73% (n = 103)) were female, mostly daughters, with an average age of 40 years. Approximately 50% (n = 71) of the subjects exhibited mild to moderate burden, whereas 30% (n = 43) showed moderate to severe burden. About 31% (n = 44) of the subjects exhibited symptoms of moderate depression, whereas 9% (n = 13) had symptoms of severe depression. Furthermore, almost 43% (n = 60) of caregivers exhibited a moderate level of anxiety. Furthermore, a significant association was seen between caregiver burden and the presence of anxiety and depression. Conclusion: This study showed a substantial burden in providing care, elevated levels of despair, and anxiety among caregivers of PWD. The findings highlight how important it is to develop targeted therapies and support systems in order to lessen the load on caregivers, advance their mental health, and improve overall care for both caregivers and their patients in Egypt. Policy-makers should prioritize investing in dementia-related support systems and services to empower caregivers and improve the quality of life for both caregivers and their patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the Montgomery identity and Ostrowski inequality are established for univariate first-order diamond-alpha differentiable functions. We also investigate the generalization of Ostrowski-type inequalities for bivariate functions with bounded second-order diamond-alpha derivatives by applying integration by parts for ◊α-integrals. Moreover, some extensions of dynamic trapezoid- and Grüss-type inequalities are also obtained by using the Montgomery identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current manuscript, new alpha delta dynamic Hardy-Hilbert inequalities on time scales are discussed. These inequalities combine and expand a number of continuous inequalities and their corresponding discrete analogues in the literature. We shall illustrate our results using Hölder's inequality on time scales and a few algebraic inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hypothyroidism is a common thyroid problem that can be experimentally induced by the anti-thyroid drugs as Carbimazole. Hypothyroidism is recorded to affect the salivary glands. Aim of the Work: To assess the therapeutic ability of Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) on the parotid tissue in a hypothyroidism experimentally induced rat model. Material and Methods: The animals were distributed into: (1) Control group was subdivided into: group 1: got an oral dose of distilled water daily for 3-weeks, group 2: received 2 ml/kg/day corn oil dosage for 4-weeks, (2) Hypothyroidism-Induced Group received an oral dose of 1.35 mg/kg/day Carbimazole for 3-weeks, (3) Hypothyroidism-ALA group: received an oral dose of 1.35mg/kg/day Carbimazole for 3 weeks then a 60 mg/kg/day ALA oral dosage for another 4-weeks, (4) ALA Group: received a dose of 60mg/kg/day ALA orally for 4-weeks. Estimation of the body, gland weights, T3, T4 and TSH hormones levels were performed. A histopathological and statistical study of the parotid tissue was performed. Results: In hypothyroid rats, the acinar cells showed irregular heterochromatic nucleus, cytoplasmic vacuolations and cellular infiltration. The striated and interlobar ducts showed dilatation and hyperplasia. In comparison with the control group, the hypothyroid rats exhibited a significant rise in area percentage of LC3 immune-expression, diameters of acini and ducts and TSH level with a significant decrease in T3 level, the numbers of the ducts and acini. On ALA use, all those findings were improved. Conclusion: ALA serves as a good therapeutic agent leading to an obvious improvement in the parotid gland histopathological features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, most of the efforts were directed towards developing new vaccines that are safe and effective to terminate the pandemic. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, to analyze the short-term side effect profile of the AstraZeneca/Oxford vaccine and Sinopharm Chinese vaccine. A quantitative survey using Google Forms was used for healthcare workers at Cairo University Hospitals from February to May 2021. From total of 4962 healthcare workers who received COVID-19 vaccines through this period, 1190 responded to the questionnaire. The collected data included side effects, duration, and symptoms' severity. Results: Around 50% and 20% of the participants did not report any symptoms after Sinopharm and AstraZeneca vaccines, respectively. Participants receiving AstraZeneca vaccine were 3.6 times more likely to have fever compared to those receiving Sinopharm [OR (95%CI) 3.62 (2.18-6.04)]. Also, they were more likely to have mild, moderate, and severe local reaction in comparison with those receiving Sinopharm [OR (95%CI) 2.01 (1.46-2.78), 6.13 (3.29-11.40), and 6.06 (1.07-34.33), respectively]. The duration of symptoms of both vaccines did not differ. Conclusion: While both vaccines were safe, the healthcare workers who received Sinopharm vaccine showed significantly fewer side effects compared to AstraZeneca recipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel Simulink models with an evaluation study of more widely used On-Line Maximum Power Point tracking (MPPT) techniques for Photo-Voltaic based Battery Storage Systems (PV-BSS). To have a full comparative study in terms of the dynamic response, battery state of charge (SOC), and oscillations around the Maximum Power Point (MPP) of the PV-BSS to variations in climate conditions, these techniques are simulated in Matlab/Simulink. The introduced methodologies are classified into two types; the first type is conventional hill-climbing techniques which are based on instantaneous PV data measurements such as Perturb & Observe and Incremental Conductance techniques. The second type is a novel proposed methodology is based on using solar irradiance and cell temperature measurements with pre- build Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model to predict DC–DC converter optimum duty cycle to track MPP. Then evaluation study is introduced for conventional and proposed On-Line MPPT techniques. This comparative study can be useful in specifying the appropriateness of the MPPT techniques for PV-BSS. Also the introduced model can be used as a valued reference model for future research related to Soft Computing (SC) MPPT techniques. A significant improvement of SOC is achieved by the proposed model and methodology with high accuracy and lower oscillations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clostridium novyi type B is an anaerobic bacterium that causes black disease (infectious necrotic hepatitis). The alpha toxin is considered as a major virulence factor. The disease has been controlled using toxoid vaccines. Production of a high yield of bacterial toxin is very important in the preparation of effective toxoids. The present study aimed to follow the most satisfactory growth requirements to produce a high yield of alpha toxin. This study tested the effect of different concentrations of meat pieces (0. 0.5, 1.5, 2 and 2.5%), adding yeast extract in concentration of (0.5%), variable incubation times (24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours) and different pH values (7, 7.5 and 8). The results showed that the best media used for producing alpha toxin of Clostridium novyi type B was the one that contains yeast extract in the concentration of 0.5% with absence of meat pieces and adjusting pH between 7.5-8 and incubation for 24-48 hrs. that leads to high bacterial growth and toxin yield production optimum physical condition as incubated period 24-48 hrs. and favorable pH for growth production and toxin yield of Clostridium novyi type B which lead consequently to produce a high potent Clostridium novyi vaccine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The selection of optimal subset of features from high‐dimensional data sets still remains a major challenge during breast cancer detection and categorization. There exist several research works regarding optimal feature subset selection from high‐dimensional data sets, but the obtained results are not satisfying when multidimensional data sets (MDDs) are employed in large amount during disease analysis. In this article, an effective feature subset selection and classification method suitable for MDD is proposed. At first, the important and distinct features are extracted from the mammogram images using a Deep Neural Network with wrapper‐based extraction technique. Then, a novel two‐phase mutation strategy integrated with grey wolf optimizer algorithm is employed for selecting the most relevant feature subsets. Finally, a learning‐based semilazy Bayesian network classifier with parallel implementation is proposed for the precise categorization of the breast cancer stages. The proposed method is executed in MATLAB platform and analyzed using mammogram images taken from MAMMOSET database. The proposed method is likened with three state‐of‐the‐art existing feature subset selection and classification approaches for validating the efficiency of the proposed approach. For Data set 1, the proposed method shows an accuracy of 90%, 92% and 98%, which is better than the existing methods taken for comparison. Also for Data set 2, the proposed method shows an accuracy of 97%, 91% and 94%, which is much better than the accuracy achieved by the existing approaches. Thus, the proposed approach outperforms the compared existing approaches by providing better precision, recall, F‐measure, specificity and accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought is a significant global constraint on agricultural production and food security. As a promising approach to improve plant growth and yield under challenging conditions, plant growth-promoting actinobacteria has attracted much interest. Further, elevated levels of atmospheric CO2 (eCO2) may promote the plant–actinobacteria interactions which could be effective to improve the plant growth for food production. Herein, we have investigated the impact of actinobacteria and/or CO2 on biomass production, photosynthesis, macronutrients, levels of organic acids, amino acids, and essential oils as well as antioxidant activities of Satureja hortensis under water-deficit conditions. Among different actinobacterial isolates evaluated for development of secondary metabolites and biological activities, Ac9 was highly capable of producing flavonoids, and it also showed high antioxidant and microbial activities. It markedly induced the plant growth, photosynthesis, and global metabolic improvement, under water-deficit conditions. Interestingly, treatment with Ac9 in combination with eCO2 substantially minimized drought stress–induced biomass and photosynthesis reductions in Satureja hortensis. Improved photosynthesis by Ac9 and/or eCO2 induced the primary and secondary metabolisms in drought-stressed plants. The levels of the majority of the detected organic acids, essential oil, and amino acids were further improved as a result of the synergistic action of Ac9 and eCO2, as compared to the individual treatments. Furthermore, Ac9 or eCO2 significantly improved the antioxidant activities in stressed plants; however, much more positive impact was obtained by their synchronous application. Thus, the current study suggests that actinobacterial treatment induces global metabolic changes in water-stressed Satureja hortensis, the effects that have been much more strengthened under eCO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of 1,2-azaphospholes, 1,2,3-diazaphospholidine, 1,3,2-diaza-phosphinanes bearing a chromone ring as well as dialkyl pyrazolopyrimidine phosphonates have been synthesized from treatment of multifunctional 2-cyano[(4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)methylidene]acetohydrazide (2), some phosphorus reagents such as phosphonic acid and its esters, and phosphorus sulfides as well as phosphorus halides in dry dioxane. The isolated products were evaluated for their anticancer activities and on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibition. Among the isolated products, compounds3and10exhibited higher effect against breast cancer cells than the reference drug and on the expression of VEGF inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy diagnosed in both men and women and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2), a nuclear matrix-associated transcription factor and epigenetic regulator, was identified as a highly tissue-type-specific protein being predominantly expressed in glandular cells of the lower gastrointestinal tract. Objective To determine SATB2 expression in CRC, relation of SATB2 expression in CRC with clinicopathological features and to compare its expression with non-colorectal adenocarcinoma including (gastric, hepatobiliary, intestinal and pancreatic cases). Material and Methods Samples from 38 known CRC cases and 41 non-colonic origin adenocarcinomas (gastric, hepatobiliary, intestinal and pancreatic cases) were studied immunohistochemically for SATB2 expression. Results All CRC (38 cases) showed positive SATB2 expression score. More than half of them demonstrated score +3, while (92%) of non-colonic origin adenocarcinoma cases were negative for SATB2. There was a highly statistical difference between SATB2 expression score in CRC cases and non-colonic origin adenocarcinoma group. Highly Statistically significant relation in SATB2 immunoreactivity score in different grades with the highest score in low grade tumors; (95%). Also, there was statistically significant difference in SATB2 immunoreactivity score in different PDC grades with the highest score in grade 1; (82%). Inverse negative correlation between between the PDC tumor grade and SATB2 expression score. Conclusion Positive expression of SATB2 in all studied CRC cases with increase in its expression in low grade CRC and PDC tumor grade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]