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The study primarily aimed to identify the knowledge and performance of poultry producers in farm management skills through achieving the following sub-objectives: identifying the characteristics and distinctive features of the respondents, identifying the agricultural information sources relied upon by the respondents in obtaining their farm management information, determining the level of knowledge of the respondents in poultry farm management skills, determining the level of performance of the respondents in poultry farm management skills, and determining the degree of influence of independent variables on the respondents' knowledge and performance of agricultural management skills. The study was conducted in the Fayoum Governorate, and the Fayoum and Senorus district were chosen as they are the most important district in the governorate in terms of the relative importance of the number of foreign broiler farms. A stratified random sample of 111 farms was taken, and data were collected through personal interviews using questionnaire forms, and numerical tabulations, percentages, and multiple regression analysis were used. The main results of the study indicated that the main sources of agricultural information relied upon by the respondents were primarily non-institutional personal sources, where veterinarians and personal experience were the main sources of information for the majority of the surveyed farmers, followed by the internet, then other farm owners, with percentages of 98.2%, 96.4%, 84.7%, and 83.8% respectively. The results also showed that 76.6% of the respondents had a high level of overall knowledge of poultry farm management skills, while 18% had an average level of knowledge, and 5.4% had a low level of knowledge. Additionally, the results indicated that 48.6% of the respondents had an average level of overall performance in poultry farm management skills, while 28.8% had a high level of performance, and 22.5% had a low level of performance. The results revealed that the most influential factors on the overall knowledge level of agricultural management skills were educational status, urban openness, poultry farm size, and average income per production cycle, with these four variables contributing to 61.4% of the variation in the dependent variable. Furthermore, results also showed that the most influential factors on the overall performance level of agricultural management skills were average income per production cycle, educational status, number of years working in the poultry field, urban openness, and benefit from attending counseling activities, with these five variables contributing to 62.3% of the variation in the dependent variable. The results showed that the most influential factors on the overall knowledge level of poultry farm management skills are: educational level, urban openness, poultry farm size, average income per production cycle. The contribution ratio of these four variables together in explaining the variance in the dependent variable reached 61.4%. The results also showed that the most influential factors on the overall performance level of poultry farm management skills are: average income per production cycle, educational level, years of experience in the poultry field, urban openness, and benefit from attending guidance activities. The contribution ratio of these five variables together in explaining the variance in the dependent variable reached 62.3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Enteral feeding tubes for preterm infants may be placed via either the nose or mouth. Nasal tube placement may compromise respiration, however, orally placed tubes may be more prone to displacement. The aim of the current study was to determine the effect of nasal versus oral placement of enteral feeding tubes on weight and the incidence of adverse events among preterm infants. Method: A descriptive comparative study design was utilized. Sample: A convenient sample of sixty physiologically stable preterm were assigned to two equal groups within six months (between July 2018 – Jan. 2019). They were recruited from neonatal intensive care units of both Kasr Alainy and El-Monira Pediatric Hospitals-Cairo University. Tools: Three tools were developed by the researchers: preterm infant’s characteristics, observational checklist for incidence of adverse events and recording sheet for daily weight and time to sustain full oral feeding. Procedure: The researches recorded preterm infant’s characteristics, any adverse events, weight and time to sustain full oral feeding in the morning shift twice a week for two weeks. Results: Orogastric tube feeding was statistically significant different compared to nasogastric tube feeding regarding displacement. There was no difference among two groups in weight gain, time to reach full feeds and frequency of adverse events. Orogastric tube feeding group had lesser duration of hospital stay than nasogastric and orogastric tube feeding group reached to full oral feeds quickly compared to nasogastric with no statistical significant differences. Recommendation: Further researches with a larger population would probably be required to know the significance of this outcome. Conclusion: This study concluded that no differences were found between both orogastric and nasogastric tube feeding on preterm infants’ weight, incidence of adverse events and time to sustain full oral feeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethical investment funds or socially responsible investment funds (SRIFs) became among the most important financial instruments encouraged corporate social responsibility at the level of financial markets as investors rushed to financial products Which agree between social and environmental responsibility for investment with acceptable performance. Since investors become more aware of the benefits of Ethics and socially responsible investment, the interest in Islamic investing and Ethically Based Investment is also increasing.This paper is concerned with the role of ethical investment funds andIslamic investment funds in economic development and raising growth rates through the promotion of the financial market.This paper addresses four key points, First, the concept of ethical investment and Islamic investment, secondly the concept of Islamic and Islamic investment funds,thirdly study the role and importance of ethical investment funds and Islamic funds in financial market. And finallycomparing ideas, ratios and investment styles underlying SRI and comparing them to Islamic portfolios. with a qualitative assessment of the differences and similarities, SRI and Islamic derived from the application of the investment screens. The paper concluded that the creation of socially responsible investment funds should be considered to meet the wishes of all segments, particularly Ethical Investors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]