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Depressive disorders affect individual’s thoughts, feelings, and social interactions. Enhancing emotional competencies of depressed individuals may alleviate their suffering. Purpose: This study aimed to compare depression severity and emotional intelligence before and after emotional intelligence training in patients with depressive disorders. Methods: A nonrandomized trial (one-group pretest–posttest) research design was applied to 69 patients purposively recruited. The patients’ sociodemographic and clinical data were collected. The Beck Depression Inventory-II and Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form were completed before and immediately after an 8-weeks of focused weekly group training. Results: A significant improvement in the scores of well-being, self-control, emotionality, and sociability; total emotional intelligence scores; and total depression scores was perceived after training ( Z = 5.601, 4.398, 5.686, and 3.516; 4.943; and 2.387, respectively). Implications for Nursing Practice: As emotional intelligence can be learned; it may be a target for interventions when dealing with patients with depressive disorders by strengthening their emotional intelligence.

Despite the vaccine against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) being reported to be safe and effective, the unwillingness to vaccinate and doubts are still common. The aim of this international study was to assess the major reasons for the unwillingness to vaccinate in a group of students from Poland (n = 1202), Bangladesh (n = 1586), India (n = 484), Mexico (n = 234), Egypt (n = 566), Philippines (n = 2076), Pakistan (n = 506), Vietnam (n = 98) and China (n = 503). We conducted an online cross-sectional study that aimed to assess (1) the percentage of vaccinated and unvaccinated students and (2) the reasons associated with willingness/unwillingness to the vaccine. The study included 7255 respondents from 9 countries with a mean age of 21.85 ± 3.66 years. Only 22.11% (n = 1604) of students were vaccinated. However, the majority (69.25%, n = 5025) expressed a willingness to be vaccinated. More willing to vaccinate were students in informal relationships who worked mentally, used psychological/psychiatric services before the pandemic, and studied medicine. There are cultural differences regarding the reasons associated with the unwillingness to vaccinate, but some ‘universal’ might be distinguished that apply to the whole group.

Aim: This study aimed to explore the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on depression, anxiety, stress, achievement, and coping strategy among young female students with primary dysmenorrhea. Materials and method: Design: Quasi experimental (pre-post) research design was used. Setting: The study was conducted at the Technical Nursing Institute- Mansoura University from November 2020 to January 2021. Participants: Purposive sampling as used to divide 116 young female nursing students into two groups (intervention arm and non-intervention arm), who completed the study after implementing a cognitive behavioral therapy program with 12 weekly sessions on the intervention arm. Tools: Four tools were used for data collection Interview Questionnaire Schedule, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS), Numerical pain scale and coping mechanism scale. Results: Post intervention, there were statistically significant differences between the two arms regarding depression (P = 0.009), anxiety (P = 0.044), stress (P = 0.003), and coping strategies including ignoring pain (P ≤ 0.001), physical exercise (P ≤ 0.001), using home remedies (P = 0.047), and hot application (P = 0.013), between the two arms. Conclusion: Cognitive behavior therapy had a positive effect on pain intensity, poor concentration, and restriction in physical activities, social withdrawal, mood swing and academic achievement. Moreover, there was a significant change in depression, anxiety, stress, and coping mechanism with primary dysmenorrhea. Recommendations: Stress on the importance of cognitive behavior therapy sessions had a positive effect on psychological status and educational sessions, for young female nursing students, can be an efficient method to increase awareness and prevent delays in diagnosis

Purpose Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their families especially their mothers face numerous and pervasive challenges. Difficulties to access quality care, financial burden, issues of adulthood and their child’s behaviors may produce significant stressors to mothers. This study aims to assess perceived stress among mothers of children with ASD in Egypt. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional study was conducted in Mansoura University Hospital, Egypt on 94 mothers of children with ASD using a structured questionnaire of the socio-demographic and clinical features of the studied mothers and their children and the perceived stress scale (PSS). Findings The mean total PSS score of mothers was 31.97 ± 12.39 and the level of autism had a statistically significant relation with stress perceived by the studied mothers. Research limitations/implications The findings in this study were based on caregivers’ self-reporting. As such, inaccurate reporting might have biased the findings. The main limitations of this study include non-participation and dropout. During data collection, some mothers declined to participate in the study. Also, the current study was conducted in one hospital. This represents a loss of valuable information and may weaken the generalizability of the current study findings. Another limitation is the use of a convenience sample in the study. With the use of convenience sampling, there is an increased risk of bias, as study participants may not accurately reflect the characteristics of the total population. Practical implications Caregivers’ education programs through media and press should be developed for mothers of children with ASD to help those who experience levels of stress by presenting knowledge about ASD and treatment and training on adaptive coping methods and teaching communication and problem-solving. Recognizing levels of stress and parent counseling may be a useful strategy. Regular periodic meetings should be conducted between mothers and hospital personnel to promote proper communication. One key policy implication, this paper can derive from this study is the need for cooperation between the Ministry of Health, social welfare and other relevant governmental and non-governmental organizations to provide support for families of individuals with ASD such as financial aids. It is also recommended that future study would benefit a larger sample to enhance external validity. As well, future qualitative research is recommended to more fully understand the lived experience of mothers of children with ASD. Originality/value This study provides evidence that mothers of children with ASD experienced high perceived stress. Caregivers’ education programs through media and press should be developed in Egypt for mothers of children with ASD.

This study aimed to assess the psychosocial effects and coping strategies of university students during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Between 30 May and 6 June 2020, an online cross-sectional survey ...

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of a tailored multidimensional intervention in reducing the care burden of family caregivers of stroke survivors. This intervention considered caregivers’ perceived needs and incorporated three evidence-based dimensions (psychoeducation, skill-building and peer support).DesignA prospective randomised control trial.SettingA community-based study conducted in Egypt.ParticipantsA total of 110 caregivers aged ≥18 years who cared for a survivor within 6 months of stroke, with modified Rankin Scale scores of 3–5, and without other physical disabilities or terminal illnesses were recruited between December 2019 and May 2020. Participants were assigned to the intervention group (IG; n=55) and control group (CG; n=55) through open-label, parallel 1:1 randomisation.InterventionThe IG was provided with tailored multidimensional interventions for 6 months until November 2020, including three home visits, six home-based telephone calls and one peer-support session. The CG received simple educational instructions at a single visit.OutcomeThe participants completed the Zarit Burden Interview (primary outcome) and the WHO Quality of Life-BREF (secondary outcome) before the intervention (T0), at 3 months (T1) and at 6 months (T2).ResultsNo differences were observed between the characteristics of the groups at baseline (T0). The independent t-test showed no significant differences in the care burden and Quality of Life (QoL) at T1 and T2 between the groups. The intervention had no significant effect on the outcomes between or within groups over time, as shown by the repeated-measures analysis of variance. However, the group and time interaction had significant main effects on caregivers’ QoL (psychological and social domains).ConclusionThe main results showed that participants in the IG did not experience an improvement in the main outcomes. Nevertheless, the improvement in the psychological and social domains may have been attributed to our intervention.Trial registration numberNCT04211662.

Aim This study aimed to assess the nurses' knowledge, concerns, perceived impact and preparedness toward the COVID‐19 pandemic. Background As COVID‐19 is a new disease, its spread and emergence cause fear, anxiety and confusion among the general population. Nurses are in close contact with infected persons, and their knowledge plays an important role in preventing the transmission chain. Methods In this cross‐sectional study, 207 nurses were selected using convenience sampling from 29 March to 19 April 2020. The study used a questionnaire assessing the nurses' baseline characteristics, their source of information, knowledge, concerns, the perceived impact and their preparedness for the COVID‐19 pandemic. Results Around half of the surveyed nurses (51.2%) reported that the Ministry of Health's and World Health Organization's websites and official pages were their main sources of information. The majority of nurses (81.6%) knew the nature of the virus, 83.6% agreed that their job puts them at risk of infection with COVID‐19 and 72% felt personally prepared for the pandemic. Conclusion The majority of nurses had an acceptable level of knowledge regarding COVID‐19. However, psychological interventions are needed to be addressed in the planning stage before any pandemic., Summary statement What is already known about this topic? It is well established that COVID‐19 is a highly infectious disease with a fatality rate of about 6.48% in Egypt.Studies about nursing and COVID‐19 are relatively few.There is a lack of data regarding the nurses' knowledge, concerns, perceived impact and preparedness toward COVID‐19. What does this paper add? Nurses prefer gaining their knowledge regarding COVID‐19 from the Ministry of Health's and the World Health Organization's websites and official pages rather than the social media websites.Nurses have an acceptable level of knowledge regarding COVID‐19. The majority of surveyed nurses knew the nature of the virus along with its signs and symptoms.The majority of surveyed nurses feel that their job puts them at the risk of infection with COVID‐19, and they are quite afraid of being infected. The implications of this paper: Psychological interventions are needed in the planning stage before any pandemic to enhance the protection of nurses and health care workers and to reduce the psychological impact.Sustainable awareness programmes are required for health care workers, keeping them up to date with the most recent information regarding prevention and management methods from the World Health Organization's guidelines and other instructional materials.Hospitals can hold meetings and organize regular psychological support groups to allow nurses to manage their fears and acquire stress reduction strategies.

Coronavirus disease-2019 is a worldwide pandemic. Political authorities are working hard to fight the disease transmission through corresponding interventions that may be influenced by individual perception, perceived stress, and personality traits that act as predictors of healthy behaviors and comply with protective measures especially with different cultures.This study aimed to assess personality traits, perceived stress, and perception among the Arab population.A cross-sectional online survey was fulfilled by 948 adults from different Arabic nationalities from 24th June to 15th July 2020. The Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Perception toward COVID-19 Questionnaire were used in this study.More than three quarters (76.1%) believed that COVID 19 is a dangerous disease and the vast majority (93.1%) disagreed that infection with the virus is associated with stigma. Agreeableness was high among the Egyptians, extroversion and openness to experience were high among Saudi Arabians, while emotional stability was high among Sudanese participants.Individuals with high conscientiousness, extraversion, and emotional stability demonstrated lower levels of perceived stress during the pandemic. This highlights that for the development of stress management interventions during epidemics; it is crucial to take personality traits into consideration.

Background: Sexual health is a basic human right and a fundamental part of a full healthy life. Patients with Chronic kidney disease (CKD) world-wide suffer many physical dysfunctions including sexual activity. Therefore, this study aims to assess the psychosexual dysfunctions experienced by hemodialysis male patients and their coping strategies. Methods: A descriptive research design is conducted in the hemodialysis units at Urology and Nephrology Center at Mansoura University. The data were collected from 100 hemodialysis male patients. The study Tools included the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX), the Psychosexual Dysfunction Questionnaire and the Brief Cope Scale (BCS). Results: Obtained results revealed that most of the study of sample (94%) complained of many psychosexual dysfunctions while only 6% expressed no significant psychosexual dysfunctions. The studied patients used problem focused coping by 76% with total mean of (18.36) out of a possible score of (24). On the other hand, the studied patients used emotional focused coping by 57% with total mean of (50.24) out of a possible score of (88). Conclusion: The vast majority of the study sample does suffer multiple psychosexual dysfunctions. Both physical and psychological distress increase CKD male patients' psychosexual dysfunctions and indicate the necessity of introducing psychiatric liaison nursing programs to enhance their coping strategies in the hemodialysis care units.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing public health problem worldwide with treatment options of either lifelong hemodialysis or kidney transplant. Hemodialysis patients usually experience intense emotional stress, caused by an inability to cope with various stressors such as sexual dysfunctions, fear of staying alone, restriction of foods, uncertainties about the future, changes in family structure, interferences at work, sleep disorders and psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression. Therefore, the aim of this pilot study is to assess the correlation between depression and anxiety with coping strategies among patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Method: A descriptive correlation research design was conducted in the hemodialysis units at the New Mansoura General Hospital. The data were collected from 41 hemodialysis patients who corresponded to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Dealing with Illness Inventory were used to achieve the purpose of the pilot study. Results: The results of the current pilot study revealed that depression and anxiety had statistically significant negative correlations with both active cognitive and active behavior coping (P

Context: Self-compassion and self-esteem are positive personality traits that save us during life imperfection, so both can play a vital role in self-regulating behaviors to decrease suicidal ideation. Aim: Explore the relationship between self-compassion, self-esteem, and suicidal ideation among a cohort of university students. Methods: Cross-sectional research design was used. This study was conducted at Al Delta University for Science and Technology- College of Engineering and Oral and Dental Medicine, Dhakahlia Governorate, Egypt. A convenient sample of 249 undergraduate university students was recruited. Self-Administered Questionnaire, Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), The Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF), and The Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R). Results: 14% of the studied sample reported that they frequently have suicidal thoughts, while 28.12% reported that they sometimes have a suicidal attempt. Suicidal behavior was inversely and highly significantly correlated with self-esteem (P-value < 0.03), and also self-compassion was inversely and significantly related to suicidal behavior (P-value < 0.02). In contrast, self-compassion and self-esteem were positively and highly significantly correlated (P-value

IntroductionCaring for stroke survivors creates high levels of care burden among family caregivers. Previous initiatives at alleviating the care burden have been unsuccessful. The proposed study aims to evaluate the effect of a tailored multidimensional intervention on the care burden among family caregivers of stroke survivors. Based on the perceived needs of family caregivers, this intervention takes into account scientific recommendations to combine three different approaches: skill-building, psychoeducation and peer support.Methods and analysisUsing a prospective, randomised, open-label, parallel-group design, 110 family caregivers will be enrolled from Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt between December 2019 and May 2020, and randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group. The tailored multidimensional intervention will be administered for 6 months, including three home visits, six home-based telephone calls and one peer support session. The primary outcome is the care burden as measured using the Zarit Burden Interview. Secondary outcomes include changes in the family caregivers’ perceived needs (Family Needs Questionnaire-Revised), coping strategies (Brief-Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced) and quality of life (WHO Quality of Life-BREF). Outcomes evaluation will be conducted at baseline (T0), month 3 (T1) and month 6 (T2). Independent t-test will be performed to compare the mean values of study variables between the two groups at both T1 and T2. After adjusting for confounding variables, analysis of covariance will be used to assess the effect of the intervention. In addition, repeated measures analysis of variance will be conducted to assess changes in effect over time.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (P.0195). The results will be published in a scientific peer-reviewed journal, and findings will be disseminated at the local and international levels.Trial registration numberNCT04211662.

Background Recovery from schizophrenia is a recent concept that antagonizes the well rooted persuasion of the impossibility to recover from mental illnesses. Recovery is viewed as the final outcome for schizophrenic patients, implying long term absence of psychiatric symptomatology and suitable occupational and social functioning. Aim This study aimed to find out the association between perceived social support and recovery among patients with schizophrenia. Methods The study was carried out using a descriptive cross-sectional research design on a convenience sample of 176 schizophrenic patients at the department of psychiatry in Mansoura University Hospitals. Three tools were used in the current study. The first was related to socio demographic and clinical features of the studied patients, the second tool was Recovery Assessment Scale–Domains and Stages, and the third tool was Multidimensional perceived social support scale. Results Both perceived social support subscales and total score had a statistically significant (≤0.001) association with recovery. Conclusion The study provides evidence that the quality of the social support plays an important role in recovery among schizophrenic patients. Mental health services can provide social inclusion program for schizophrenic patients. Re-building of social relationships may be a major aim of psychiatric nursing interventions in mental health services.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public-health problem in which most of the physical functions of the body are affected including sexual function. Apart from physical impacts due to renal failure, there are a number of psychological impacts that may also contribute to changes in sexual functioning. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of psychosexual dysfunctions experienced by hemodialysis male patients. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional research design was conducted in the hemodialysis units at Mansoura Urology and Nephrology Center. The data were collected from 100 hemodialysis male patients who corresponded to the inclusion criteria. Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX) and Psychosexual Dysfunction Questionnaires were used to achieve the purpose of the study. Results: The results indicate that (94%) of the study sample complain of psychosexual dysfunctions. The most prevalent psychosexual dysfunctions are psychosexual discomfort, fatigue, low self-esteem during sex, difficulty in reaching orgasm, difficulty in maintenance erection and low sexual desire while suicidal ideation was the lowest prevalent psychosexual dysfunctions. Conclusion: The vast majority of the study sample has psychosexual dysfunctions. Application of psychiatric liaison nursing program in hemodialysis units is recommended.