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Objective: The common cause of antenatal hydronephrosis in infants is temporary and permanent ureteropelvic junction stenosis (UPJS). Pyeloplasty is applied to all patients who have or have the potential to cause renal damage. This study, it was aimed to share the epidemiological data of our patients who underwent pyeloplasty. Materials and Methods: In our study, we evaluated 131 patients who were operated for UPJS between 2011 and 2021. The time of diagnosis, age of operation, duration of follow-up, gender, side of the pathology, complaints on admission, etiology of the pathology and contralateral kidney pathology were recorded. Results: 109 patients were included in the study. 76.1% of the patients were male and 23.9% were female. While pathology was more common on the left (65.1%) in boys, pathology was more common on the right (57.7%) in girls (p=0.036). The mean age of pyeloplasty was 39.27±48.01 months. The mean age of pyeloplasty in patients with antenatal diagnosis was 15.74±23.48 months, and the mean age of pyeloplasty in children with late diagnosis was 82.52±51.97 months (p=0.003). While 66.7% of UPD patients with aberrant vein pressure were diagnosed in the late period, 29.8% of the patients with intrinsic causes were diagnosed in the late period (p=0.005). Conclusion: Ureteropelvic junction stenosis is frequently diagnosed in the antenatal period and is common in boys and on the left. In our study, it was observed that right pyeloplasty was performed more frequently in girls. Patients with aberrant vascular pressure can also be diagnosed in the antenatal period. However, UPJS with aberrant vascular pressure is seen more frequently in patients admitted at older ages., Amaç: Antenatal hidronefrozun bebeklerde sık nedeni geçici ve kalıcı üreteropelvik bileşke darlığı (UPD)’dır. Renal hasar oluşturan veya oluşturma potansiyeli olan tüm hastalara piyeloplasti uygulanır. Biz bu çalışmada piyeloplasti yaptığımız hastalarımızın epidemiyolojik verilerini paylaşmak istedik. Materyal ve Metot: Çalışmamızda 2011-2021 yılları arasında UPD nedeni ile opere edilen 131 hastayı değerlendirdik. Hastaların tanı zamanı, operasyon yaşı, takip süresi, cinsiyet, patolojinin tarafı, başvuru şikâyetleri, patolojinin etiyolojisi ve karşı böbrek patolojisi kaydedildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya 109 hasta dâhil edildi. Hastaların %76,1’i erkek, %23,9’u kızdı. Erkek çocuklarda patoloji daha sıklıkla solda (%65,1) görülürken, kız çocuklarında patoloji daha sıklıkla sağda (%57,7) idi (p=0,036). Ortalama piyeloplasti yaşı 39,27±48,01 aydı. Antenatal tanılı hastaların ortalama piyeloplasti yaşı 15,74±23,48 aydı, geç dönem tanılı çocukların ortalama piyeloplasti yaşı 82,52±51,97 aydı (p=0,003). Aberan damar basılı UPD hastalarının %66,7’si geç dönemde tanı alırken, intrinsik nedenli hastaların %29,8’i geç dönemde tanı almıştı (p=0,005). Sonuç: Üreteropelvik bileşke darlığı sıklıkla antenatal dönemde tanı almakta, erkek çocuklarında ve solda sık görülmektedir. Çalışmamızda kız çocuklarında sağ piyeloplastinin daha sık yapıldığı görülmüştür. Aberan damar basılı hastalar antenatal dönemde de tanı alabilmektedir. Bununla birlikte ilerleyen yaşlarda başvuran hastalarda aberan basılı UPD daha sık görülmektedir.

Purpose: The presence and degree of hydronephrosis is very important in the management of many diseases of the urinary tract. In this study, we aim to compare the sensitivity and specificity of 2 classification systems that are used for hydronephrosis grading in ultrasound, for reflux and scar detection. The classification systems were the Society of Fetal Urology (SFU) and Urinary Tract Dilatation (UTD). Material and methods: Ultrasounds and dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphies (DMSA) of all patients who underwent voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) due to urinary tract infection were examined retrospectively. DMSA was accepted for scar detection and VCUG for reflux detection as reference methods. SFU classification was used for hydronephrosis in ultrasound reports, and UTD classification was made over the reports. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of UTD and SFU classification systems for reflux and scar detection were calculated, and these 2 systems were compared. Results: 103 (39%) of the patients were male and 162 (61%) were female. Pathologies were detected in 192 (35%) of 530 kidneys in ultrasound. In 110 (42%) of the children, reflux was detected in VCUG. Scars in DMSA were detected in only 16% (44) of 266 kidneys. Sensitivity, positive and negative predictive values of the UTD classification system were statistically significantly higher than the SFU system for scar and reflux detection (p < 0.01). Conclusions: If we use the UTD system in ultrasounds of patients with urinary tract infections, children reported as UTD 0 may not need VCUG, which reduces radiation exposure to children and the cost of the diagnostic interventions.

Objectives This study aims to investigate the prevalence of voiding disorders and identify the associated risk factors for school-age children in East Anatolia, Turkey. Methods We randomly selected six primary schools in Malatya in East Anatolia, and 907 students from 6 to 14 years old were involved. Data were obtained using the dysfunctional voiding and incontinence scoring system (DVISS) scale, and children who scored 8.5 or above on that scale were considered as having voiding disorders. Results Voiding disorders were detected in 175 (19.2%) of 907 children. One hundred and fifty-two (16.8%) had day-time urinary incontinence, and 131 (14.5%) had night-time incontinence. The findings showed a significant relationship between voiding disorder and daytime/night-time incontinence, and fecal incontinence. Voiding disorders decreased as the age increased. There was a significant relationship between voiding disorder and positive family history, and the quality of life of these children was significantly affected. Conclusion Voiding disorder is a common disease among school-age children. By identifying and treating voiding disorders and related risk factors in children in the early period, these children can be protected from possible medical or social complications.

Background/Aim: The gold standard in the diagnosis of VUR (vesicoureteral reflux) is voiding cystouretrography (VCUG), but it is an invasive test with risk of radiation. The aim of the study was to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV, respectively) of ultrasound (US) in the diagnosis of VUR.Methods: 760 kidneys of 380 patients were examined in this cohort study. The patients were grouped by three age groups; 0-2, 3-5 and 6-17 years old. US reports included the data of anteroposterior renal pelvic diameter (APRPD), kidney parenchyma, kidney size, and the size of ureters. For all age groups, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were evaluated separately in two circumstances; APRPD is accepted pathologic when >5 mm and >10 mm.Results: A correlation was found between VCUG and US results in all age groups (P5 mm, sensitivity, specifity and NPV of US were 86.99%, 60.26% and 88.13% respectively, regardless of age. In contrast, when pathologic APRPD was >10 mm, sensitivity, specifity and NPV were 79.45%, 79.91% and 71.17%, respectively. Sensitivity and NPV of US were found highest in group of 0-2 age.Conclusion: If US are performed by radiologists experienced in the pediatric urinary system US and if it includes other parameters with APRPD, it will guide for VCUG in the diagnosis of VUR. Thus, radiation exposure can be minimalized in clinical practice.

Aim: The incidence of antenatal hydronephrosis (AHN) has also increased with the raised use of ultrasonography (US); however, there is no consensus on how to approach the babies who were diagnosed prenatally with AHN. The present study aims to investigate the postnatal examination, treatment, and results of babies diagnosed with AHN.Material and Methods: In this study, 276 infants who were followed-up with the diagnosis of AHN between January 2012 and December 2015 in the pediatric nephrology outpatient clinic were evaluated retrospectively. Two hundred and fifty babies with AHN (196 males and 54 females) included in our study. Babies with and without abnormality were compared and etiological causes and treatment modalities of babies with AHN were investigated in the postnatal follow-up.Results: Despite no abnormality detected in 144 (57.6) AHN patients, 106 babies (42.4%) had urinary system abnormality in the postnatal US. As the underlying anomalies, ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) was the most common in 67 kidneys (63.2%); vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) was found in 29 kidneys (%27.3), ureterovesical junction obstruction (UVJO) in 5 kidneys (4.7%) and posterior urethral valve (PUV) in 3 kidneys (2.8%).Conclusion: Evaluation of babies with AHN starting from postnatal first week will provide early diagnosis of urinary system pathologies and early treatment of babies diagnosed with obstructive pathology.

BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common morbidity in neonatal intensive care units and associated with poor outcome. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of AKI and provide a demographic data and risk factors associated with the mortality and morbidity. METHODS: This is a retrospective study included 105 premature babies. Diagnosis of AKI was based on neonatal KDIGO classification criteria. The babies were stratified into two groups according to AKI status during the hospitalization. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of the AKI group were compared to non‐AKI group. RESULTS: AKI occurred in 21 (20.0%) of 105 premature babies, and mortality rate in these babies was 61.9%. Lower gestational weeks, lower Apgar scores at 5 minutes, lower systolic blood pressures, and inotropic supports were independent risk factors for the development of AKI in preterm babies (P

Background The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate urinary glutathione S transferases π (GST-π), beta-2-microglobulin (B2-MG), and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) levels as markers revealing the effect of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) on renal function in preterm infants. Methods The study was performed with 76 preterm infants whose gestational ages were between 28 and 32 weeks. Twenty-six preterm infants with RDS (cases) and 50 preterm infants without RDS (controls) enrolled in the study. Blood and urine samples were obtained on postnatal (PN) day 3 and 30. Urinary GST-π levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and urinary B2-MG levels were determined by nephelometric method. Results There was no significant difference in urinary B2-MG and GST-π levels between RDS and non-RDS groups on PN day 3 (P > 0.05 for each). However, preterm infants with RDS had significantly higher urinary B2-MG and GST-π levels than the control group on PN day 30 (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.031, respectively). Urinary NAG levels were higher in RDS group than those of the controls on both PN day 3 and 30, but these findings were not statistically significant (P > 0.05, for each). Conclusion Preterm infants with RDS had increased levels of both GST-π and B2-MG levels on PN day 30, suggesting subclinical tubular dysfunction, probably secondary to hypoxic stress.

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the reference values of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) in healthy very preterm infants.Method: The study was performed on 30 preterm infants whose gestational ages (GA) were between 28 and 34 weeks. They were divided into three groups according to the GA as group 1: GA 28–29 weeks, group 2: 30–32 weeks and group 3: 33–34 weeks. Blood and urine samples were obtained on postnatal (PN) days 1 and 7. uNGAL was measured by ELISA.Results: There were 10 preterm infants for each group. The median values of uNGAL on PN Days 1 were 19.80 (8.6–25.7) ng/ml, 9.25 (1.42–30.3) ng/ml, and 7.95 (1.60-27.8) ng/ml in group 1, group 2 and group 3, respectively. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that uNGAL values are not associated with GA, birth weight, and gender in preterm infants on PN Days 1 and 7.Conclusion: Our study indicated that normal values of uNGAL concentrations in healthy very preterm infants, and older children o...

Introduction: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is one of the most common rheumatic diseases of childhood and it is a heterogeneous group of disorders which cause long term disability. Differences in clinical findings of the disease have been reported in many publications from different countries. Material and Methods: In this study, the medical files of the patients who were diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and followed up at least one year were evaluated retrospectively. It was aimed to classify and evaluate the juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients according to International League of Associations for Rheumatology classification and to compare clinical and laboratory features of each subgroup. Results: Seventy-five patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the patients were 11.0 (7.0n14.0) years and the mean age of the diagnosis of patients were 9.0 (5.0n12.0) years. The ratio of girl/boy was 1.02. Oligoarticular type of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (28 patients, 37.3%) was the most common subgroup. The most common antinuclear antibody positivity was observed in oligoarticular subtype (8 patients, 28.5%) while the most common rheumatoid factor positivity was obtained in rheumatoid factor positive subtype. The anterior uveitis was observed in 6.6% among all patients. Conclusions: In this study, we determined that the oligoarticular onset of juvenile idiopathic arthritis is the most common subtype and we observed with equal frequency in girls and boys in our region. We also observed that the positivity of antinuclear antibody, rheumatoid factor and uveitis were 18.6%, 9.3%, and 6.6%, respectively. Key words: Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis; International League of Associations for Rheumatology; Children.

The aim of this study is to determine the reference values of serum Cystatin C (CysC) and CysC-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) on the 3rd and 30th day of life in comparison with serum creatinine (Cr) and Cr-based estimated GFR.This prospective study was performed on 52 preterm neonates whose gestational ages were between 28 and 34 weeks. Preterm neonates were divided into three groups according to the gestational age as follows: gestational week of 28-29 (group 1), gestational week of 30-32 (group 2) and gestational week of 33-34 (group 3). Blood samples were obtained on the 3rd and the 30th days of life. CysC was determined by particle-enhanced nephelometric immunoassay.The group 1 preterm neonates have higher CysC values (1.34 ± 0.1 mg/L) on the 3rd day of life than the group 2 (1.28 ± 0.2 mg/L) and the group 3 (1.24 ± 0.2 mg/L) but the differences were not significant (p 0.05, for each). CysC values were independent of gestational age, birth weight and gender (p 0.05, for each). No correlation was found between CysC and Cr on the 3rd day of life (p 0.05).CysC is regarded as an alternative for assessing the renal function in preterm neonates.

Background Our aims are to determine whether the urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) can predict acute kidney injury (AKI) development in nonseptic and nonasphyxiated but critically ill preterm infants. Methods Fifty preterm infants, gestational age (GA) between 28 and 34 weeks, were included in this case control study. Blood and urine samples were taken for blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and uNGAL on postnatal (PN) days 1 and 7. uNGAL levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of the AKI group were compared with the non-AKI group. Results AKI was diagnosed in six infants during the first week. The median uNGAL levels were significantly higher in the preterm infants with AKI than those of the controls on PN days 1 and 7 ( p = 0.006 and p = 0.023, respectively). Backward stepwise logistic regression analysis identified that 5-minute Apgar score and uNGAL levels were significantly associated with the development of AKI, even after controlling for GA, birth weight, gender, and 1-minute Apgar score in nonseptic and nonasphyxiated but critically ill preterm infants. Conclusions uNGAL can be useful as a predictive marker of AKI in nonseptic and nonasphyxiated but critically ill preterm infants.

Objective: We designed the present study to test the hypothesis that urinary biomarkers might predict acute kidney injury (AKI) development in non-septic and non-asphyxiated critically ill preterm infants. We evaluated urine (u) sistatin–C (uCys-C), kidney injury molecule–1 (uKIM–1) and neutrophil gelatinase associate lipocaline (uNGAL) as markers of AKI.Methods: Sixty-four preterm infants with gestational age between 28 and 32 weeks were included in this study. Biomarkers were measured on day of life (DOL) 1, 3, and 7.Results: uNGAL levels in the AKI group were significantly higher than in no-AKI group on DOL 1, 3 and 7 (p = 0.016, p = 0.007 and p = 0.0014, respectively).Conclusions: uNGAL is sensitive, early, and noninvasive AKI biomarkers, increasing significantly in non-septic and non-asphyxiated critically ill preterm neonates.

We aimed to compare serum cystatin C levels (sCysC) in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) with a control group and to investigate whether it could be used as a predictor for acute kidney injury (AKI). sCysC was measured in 62 neonates with RDS (n = 28) and control neonates without RDS (n = 34), whose gestational ages (GA) were between 27 and 29 weeks (subgroup 1) and 30–32 weeks (subgroup 2). AKI was defined as oliguria and/or increase of serum creatinine. Blood samples were obtained on postnatal days (PND) 3 and 30. sCysC levels were determined by particle-enhanced nephelometric immunoassay. There were six neonates with AKI (RDS-AKI subgroup) and 22 neonates without AKI (RDS-no AKI subgroup) during the first 7 days. Although sCysC levels were lower in neonates with RDS than controls on PND3 in both GA subgroups, the differences were not significant. However, in neonates with RDS and AKI, sCysC levels were significantly higher than neonates with RDS but no AKI and neonates in the control group on PND3. sCysC level was found to have a statistically significant association with AKI development in preterm neonates with RDS. sCysC is an independent predictor of AKI in preterm neonates with RDS.

In this study, we aimed to evaluate short- and long-term effects of levamisole therapy in steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) in children.The study consisted of 29 SSNS patients who had been treated with levamisole for 12 months. Laboratory values and clinical data were analyzed for three separate periods for each patient: 1 year prior to the initiation of levamisole therapy (Pre-Lev), during 1 year of levamisole therapy (During-Lev), and the year following cessation of levamisole therapy (End-Lev).The level of proteinuria fell from median 135.0 (24.0-633.0) mg/h/m(2) Pre-Lev to median 4.4 (2.4-654.0) mg/h/m(2) During-Lev and median 4.8 (2.2-105.0) mg/h/m(2) End-Lev (p = 0.0001, for each). Median relapse frequency fell from 4.0 (3.0-8.0) relapses/patient per year Pre-Lev to 0.0 (0.0-2.0) During-Lev (p = 0.0001) with 23/29 patients having no relapse and 0.0 (0.0-1.0) End-Lev (p = 0.0001) with 18/29 patients without relapse. During-Lev, all children had marked diminution in annual steroid burden from a median of 5582.0 (2137.0-17340.0) mg/m(2) per year Pre-Lev to 2166.0 (840.0-9325.0) mg/m(2) per year (p = 0.0001). End-Lev, the annual steroid burden also continued to fall, to 0.0 (0.0-5386.0) mg/m(2) per year (p = 0.0001). The age and duration of NS were significantly higher in the children with relapses than in the children with sustained remission (p = 0.009 and p = 0.014, respectively). The side effects that are expected during levamisole therapy did not occur in our patients.Thus, our study showed that levamisole is a safe and effective steroid-sparing agent, with long-lasting effect even 12 months after withdrawal.

In this study, we aimed to investigate the blood pressure (BP) profile in children with a unilateral functioning solitary kidney (UFSK). A group of 49 patients between the ages of 5 and 18 years, and 30 healthy controls between the ages of 6 and 16 years were investigated. Gender, weight, height and body mass index (BMI) of patients and controls were recorded. BP profile was determined by ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). We have observed a higher risk of hypertension compared with healthy children. Also, masked hypertension is more frequently in the patients group and white-coat hypertension was observed in the control group. The mean night-time systolic BP (SBP) load (p = 0.01) and 24-h diastolic BP (DBP) load (p = 0.008) of children with multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) was significantly higher than the healthy group. The mean night-time SBP load (p = 0.001) of children with unilateral renal agenesis (URA) and 24-h DBP load (p = 0.003) of children with unilateral atrophic or hypoplastic kidney were significantly higher than healthy group. We showed that the children with a solitary kidney had increased risk of hypertension. ABPM reflects the BP profile more precisely than casual BP measurement and it can be used to evaluate white-coat and masked hypertension in children with a solitary kidney.

Amaç: Erken doğmuş yenidoğanlarda total parenteral beslenmenin böbrek işlevleri üzerine etkilerini değerlendirmek için; serumda sistatin C idrarda beta;2 mikroglobülin glütatyon S transferaz pi; ve N asetil beta; D glükozaminidaz düzeylerini saptayarak total parenteral beslenme alanlar ile enteral beslenen kontrol grubu hastaların böbrek işlevlerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma; gestasyonel yaşları 28 34 hafta arasında olan 104 erken doğmuş hastada yapıldı Total parenteral beslenen 50 Erkek Kız: 23 27 ve ortalama ağırlıkları 1258 plusmn;212 3 g ve enteral beslenen 54 Erkek Kız: 20 34 ve ortalama ağırlıkları 1608 plusmn;206 1 g erken doğan bebek bu çalışmaya alındı Total parenteral beslenme alan grupta üçüncü günden sonra total parenteral beslenme başlanırken minimal enteral beslenmeye ortalama 6 3 plusmn;2 4 günlerde ve tam enteral beslenmeye ortalama 24 5 plusmn;6 3 günlerde geçildi Enteral yolla beslenen gruba ise birinci gün anne sütü orogastrik nazogastrik sonda ile veya ağızdan başlandı Tüm hastaların üçüncü ve 30 günlerdeki serumdaki sistatin C glükoz BUN kreatinin total protein albümin AST ALT ALP sodyum potasyum kalsiyum fosfor ve idrardaki; N asetil beta; D glükozaminidaz glütatyon S transferaz pi; beta;2 mikroglobülin sodyum kreatinin yoğunluk pH ölçümleri değerlendirildi Çalışma için etik kurul onayı alındı.Bulgular: Total parenteral beslenme alan hastalar ile enteral beslenen hastaların üçüncü gün değerleri arasında anlamlı fark yokken 30 gündeki serum sistatin C idrar beta;2 mikroglobülin glütatyon S transferaz pi; ve N asetil beta; D glükozaminidaz değerleri karşılaştırıldığında total parenteral beslenme grubunda enteral beslenenlere göre anlamlı olarak yüksek olduğu saptandı. Çıkarımlar: Bu çalışma; total parenteral beslenmenin böbrekte glomerüler ve tübüler işlevler üzerine olumsuz etkilerinin olabileceğini ve bunun sistatin C idrar beta;2 mikroglobülin glütatyon S transferaz pi; ve N asetil beta; D glükozaminidaz ile erkenden saptanabileceğini göstermesi bakımından anlamlı olmakla beraber daha geniş serilerde ve daha ldquo;homojen rdquo; hasta gruplarında yapılacak çalışmalarla desteklenmesi gerekmektedir., Aim: The aim of this study was to establish serum sistatine C urine beta;2 microglobulin gluthatione S transferase pi; and N acetyle beta; D glucosaminidase levels in order to evaluate the effect of total parenteral nutrition on renal function in premature infants In addition we aimed to compare the renal functions between premature infants receiving total parenteral nutrition and control groups receiving enteral feeding Material and Method: A hundred four premature infants with a gestational age between 28 and 34 weeks were included in the study The parenteral nutrition group consisted of 50 infants male female; 23 27 and mean weight 1258 plusmn;212 3 g and the enteral nutrition group consisted of 54 infants male female; 20 34 and mean weight 1608 plusmn;206 1 g In the parenteral nutrition group; total parenteral group nutrition was initiated on the 3rd day in the enteral nutrition group minimal enteral nutrition was started on a mean of 6 3 plusmn;2 4 days and total enteral nutrition was started on a mean of 24 5 plusmn;6 3 days Breastmilk was given orally or by orogastric nasogastric tube at first day of life in the enteral group On the 3rd and 30th day of life blood samples of all patients were obtained for evaluating biochemical parameters and cystatin C and urine samples were obtained for evaluation of N acetyl beta; D glucosaminidase gluthatione S transferase pi; beta;2 microglobulin sodium creatinin levels density and pH of the urine The study was approved by the ethics commite 2008 16 Results: When we compared the patients who received total parenteral nutrition and enteral nutrition on the 3rd and 30th days serum cystatin C urinary beta;2 microglobulin gluthatione S transferase pi; and N acetyl beta; D glucosaminidase excretions were similar on the 3rd day however were significantly higher on the 30th day in samples of the patients receiving total parenteral nutrition p lt;0 05 for each parameter on each day Conclusions: This study shows that total parenteral nutrition in premature infants can have adverse effects on glomerular and tubular functions of the kidney which can be manifested at an early time with cystatin C beta;2 microglobulin gluthatione S transferase pi; and N acetyl beta; D glucosaminidase Turk Arch Ped 2012; 47: 247 52

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to identify the clinical and laboratory risk factors for renal involvement and to determine the relationship between platelet counts and renal involvement in (Henoch–Schönlein purpura) HSP patients. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 107 children with HSP according to Eular/Press diagnostic criteria. Clinical and laboratory parameters for renal involvement were evaluated and compared to no renal involvement. RESULTS: A retrospective study consisted of 107 children, 61 boys (57%), and 46 girls (43%). Twenty‐eight of the 107 patients (26.1%) had renal involvement. The mean platelet count was significantly higher in patients with renal involvement when compared to patients without renal involvement (P = 0.001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that age (P = 0.022), sex (P = 0.037), gastrointestinal involvement (P = 0.019), and platelet count (P = 0.019) were significantly associated with the renal involvement of HSP. The platelet count was predictive of renal involvement, which had odds ratio of 1.0, and achieved area under the curve of 0.66 for predicting the renal involvement within the acute stage of HSP (P = 0.009). CONCLUSION: Our study indicated that age, sex, gastrointestinal involvement, and platelet count were significant risk factors of renal involvement of HSP.

This study aimed to evaluate renal involvement and factors affecting the prognosis in patients with Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP).The outcomes of 107 children diagnosed with HSP who had been followed up for at least 6 months were reviewed.Renal involvement was observed in 26.1% of the patients. The mean age of the patients with renal involvement was 8.8 ± 4.0 years as compared to 7.1 ± 2.9 years in the patients without renal involvement (P = .02). The risk of renal involvement was found to be significantly higher in the patients who were 10 years old and over (P.001). In the group with renal involvement, the frequency of scrotal involvement was significantly higher than that of the group without renal involvement (P = .02). The mean serum immunoglobulin A level of the patients with renal involvements was significantly higher (P = .04) and the mean serum complement C3 levels was significantly lower (P = .04) than those of the patients without renal involvement. None of the patients with renal involvement reached end-stage kidney failure. No significant relationship was observed between the development of renal involvement and early steroid treatment.This study proposes that in old children with HSP, elevated serum immunoglobulin A levels, decreased serum complement C3 levels, and scrotal involvement are associated with renal involvement. We failed to find any effect of steroid treatment on development of renal involvement.

Background: Our aim is to evaluate the clinical and laboratory features of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in Turkish children and to compare the patterns described by studies in the other countries. Methods: Children were diagnosed using International League of Associations for Rheumatology classification criteria. Demographic characteristics including age, gender, ages at disease onset and at diagnosis and laboratory tests including complete blood count, serum reactive protein concentration, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were reviewed. Antinuclear antibody (ANA), rheumatoid factor, human leukocyte antigen B-27, and uveitis were also evaluated. Results: A total of 81 JIA patients were included in this study. The median age of the patients was 11 (7.0-14.0) years, and the median age at onset was 9.0 (5.0-12.0) years. There were 42 girls (51.9%) and 39 boys (48.1%) in JIA patients. Oligoarticular onset JIA was the most frequent onset type (42.0%). There were 11 patients with enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) (13.6%). ANA was positive in 16 patients (19.7%) and uveitis had seen in 6 patients (7.4%). Conclusion: We found that some features of JIA were different in Turkish children who included higher rate of ERA and lower rate of ANA positivity and uveitis than JIA patients with western countries.