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The collembolan Folsomia candida Willem, 1902, is widely distributed throughout the world and has been frequently used as a test organism in soil ecology and ecotoxicology studies. However, it is questioned as an ideal "standard" because of differences in reproductive modes and cryptic genetic diversity between strains from various geographical origins. In this study, we obtained two high-quality chromosome-level genomes of F. candida, for a parthenogenetic strain (named FCDK, 219.08 Mb, 25,139 protein-coding genes) and a sexual strain (named FCSH, 153.09 Mb, 21,609 protein-coding genes), reannotated the genome of the parthenogenetic strain reported by Faddeeva-Vakhrusheva et al. in 2017 (named FCBL, 221.7 Mb, 25,980 protein-coding genes) and conducted comparative genomic analyses of the three strains. High genome similarities between FCDK and FCBL based on synteny, genome architecture, mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences suggest that they are conspecific. The seven chromosomes of FCDK are each 25%-54% larger than the corresponding chromosomes of FCSH, showing obvious repetitive element expansions and large-scale inversions and translocations but no whole-genome duplication. The strain-specific genes, expanded gene families and genes in nonsyntenic chromosomal regions identified in FCDK are highly related to the broader environmental adaptation of parthenogenetic strains. In addition, FCDK has fewer strain-specific microRNAs than FCSH, and their mitochondrial and nuclear genes have diverged greatly. In conclusion, FCDK/FCBL and FCSH have accumulated independent genetic changes and evolved into distinct species after 10 million years ago. Our work provides important genomic resources for studying the mechanisms of rapidly cryptic speciation and soil arthropod adaptation to soil ecosystems.

The phylogenetic interrelationships among four hexapod lineages (Protura, Collembola, Diplura and Insecta) are pivotal to understanding the origin of insects and the early diversification of Hexapoda, but they have been difficult to clarify based on the available data. In this study, we identified 91 conserved microRNA (miRNA) families from 36 panarthropod taxa, including seven newly sequenced non‐insect hexapods. We found major clade differentiation accompanied by the origin of novel miRNA families, and most miRNA clusters are conserved with a high degree of microsynteny. Importantly, we were able to identify two miRNA families unique to Hexapoda, and four miRNA families and a miRNA cluster that exist exclusively in Diplura and Insecta, suggesting a close relationship between Diplura and Insecta as well as the monophyly of Hexapoda. Combined with a phylogenetic analysis based on the presence/absence matrix of miRNA families, our study demonstrates the effectiveness of miRNA in resolving deep phylogenetic problems.

Standing yoga poses strengthen a person’s legs and helps to achieve the goal of musculoskeletal rehabilitation, but inadequate exercise planning can cause injuries. This study investigated changes in the electromyogram and joint moments of force (JMOFs) of lower extremities during common standing yoga poses in order to explore the feasibility and possible injury risk in dealing with musculoskeletal problems. Eleven yoga instructors were recruited to execute five yoga poses (Chair, Tree, Warrior 1, 2, and 3). The results revealed significant differences in hip, knee, and ankle JMOFs and varying degrees of muscle activation among the poses. Among these poses, rectus femoris muscle activation during the Chair pose was the highest, Warrior 2 produced the highest muscle activation in the vastus lateralis of the front limb, while Warrior 1 had the highest muscle activation in the vastus medialis of the back limb. Therefore, all three poses can possibly be suggested as a therapeutic intervention for quadriceps strengthening. Warrior 1 was possibly suggested as a therapeutic intervention in order to reduce excessive lateral overload of the patella, but the possible adverse effects of Warrior 2 with the highest knee adductor JMOF in the back limb could raise joint reaction forces across the medial condyles. In single-leg balance postures, Warrior 3 had unique training effects on the hamstring, and is therefore suggested as a part of hamstring rehabilitation exercises. The Tree pose induced low lower-extremity JMOFs and a low level of thigh muscle activations when it was performed by senior instructors with excellent balance control, however, for yoga beginners with insufficient stability, it will be a useful training mode for strengthening the muscles that help to keep one upright. This study quantified the physical demands of yoga poses using biomechanical data and elucidated the structures and principles underlying each yoga movement. This is crucial for yoga practitioners.

To study the molecular mechanism of Mahuang Lianqiao Chixiaodou Decoction in the treatment of eczema by means of network pharmacology and molecular docking. First, the TCMSP database was used to excavate the active ingredient of each drug in Mahuang Lianqiao Chixiaodou Decoction and predict its target, and the Uniprot database was used to standardize the names of target proteins, in order to obtain the disease targets of eczema through GeneCards, OMIM, PharmGkb, DrugBank and other databases. And next, the potential targets on which drug targets and disease targets work together were selected to make a Venn diagram, the Cytoscape 3.6.1 software was used to screen out and construct thequot;active ingredient-core targetsquot; network. STRING database was used to construct a protein-protein interaction(PPI) network, and the R language was used to perform GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis. Finally, the molecular docking verification of main active ingredients and core targets of the drug was performed by AutoDock software. The study showed that 74 active ingredients and 103 targets of Mahuang Lianqiao Chixiaodou Decoction for the treatment of eczema were screened. The main active ingredients included quercetin, luteolin, wogonin, kaempferol, and the main targets included PTGS1, ESR1, PPARG, and MAPK3. In addition, eight key targets, including MAPK8, MAPK3, JUN, MAPK14, TP53, MAPK1, ESR1 and RELA, were calculated by PPI network. GO enrichment analysis involved 2 024 biological processes, 81 cell components, and 140 molecular functions. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed to screen out 158 eczema-related pathways, which mainly acted on AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, virus-related pathways, and the results of molecular docking showed that the main active compounds could respectively bind to representative targets and exhibit a good affinity. The study proved that the treatment of eczema with Mahuang Lianqiao Chixiaodou Decoction involved multiple signaling pathways and biological processes, and the combination of main active ingredients(such as quercetin, luteolin, wogonin, kaempferol) and key targets(such as MAPK8, MAPK3, JUN, MAPK14, TP53, MAPK1, ESR1, RELA) may be one of the important mechanisms of action.

Background: The chloroacetamide herbicides pretilachlor is an emerging pollutant. Due to the large amount of use, its presence in the environment threatens human health. However, the molecular mechanism of pretilachlor degradation remains unknown. Results: Now, Rhodococcus sp. B2 was isolated from rice field and shown to degrade pretilachlor. The maximum pretilachlor degradation efficiency (86.1%) was observed at a culture time of 5 d, an initial substrate concentration 50 mg/L, pH 6.98, and 30.1°C. One novel metabolite N-hydroxyethyl-2-chloro-N-(2, 6-diethyl-phenyl)-acetamide was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Draft genome comparison demonstrated that a 32,147-bp DNA fragment, harboring gene cluster (EthRABCDB2), was absent from the mutant strain TB2 which could not degrade pretilachlor. The Eth gene cluster, encodes an AraC/XylS family transcriptional regulator (EthRB2), a ferredoxin reductase (EthAB2), a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (EthBB2), a ferredoxin (EthCB2) and a 10-kDa protein of unknown function (EthDB2). Complementation with EthABCDB2 and EthABDB2, but not EthABCB2 in strain TB2 restored its ability to degrade chloroacetamide herbicides. Subsequently, codon optimization of EthABCDB2 was performed, after which the optimized components were separately expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified using Ni-affinity chromatography. A mixture of EthABCDB2 or EthABDB2 but not EthABCB2 catalyzed the N-dealkoxymethylation of alachlor, acetochlor, butachlor, and propisochlor and O-dealkylation of pretilachlor, revealing that EthD acted as a ferredoxin in strain B2. EthABDB2 displayed maximal activity at 30 °C and pH 7.5. Conclusions: This is the first report of a P450 family oxygenase catalyzing the O-dealkylation and N-dealkoxymethylation of pretilachlor and propisochlor, respectively. And the results of the present study provide a microbial resource for the remediation of chloroacetamide herbicides-contaminated sites.

Background The chloroacetamide herbicides pretilachlor is an emerging pollutant. Due to the large amount of use, its presence in the environment threatens human health. However, the molecular mechanism of pretilachlor degradation remains unknown. Results Now, Rhodococcus sp. B2 was isolated from rice field and shown to degrade pretilachlor. The maximum pretilachlor degradation efficiency (86.1%) was observed at a culture time of 5 d, an initial substrate concentration 50 mg/L, pH 6.98, and 30.1 °C. One novel metabolite N-hydroxyethyl-2-chloro-N-(2, 6-diethyl-phenyl)-acetamide was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Draft genome comparison demonstrated that a 32,147-bp DNA fragment, harboring gene cluster (EthRABCDB2), was absent from the mutant strain TB2 which could not degrade pretilachlor. The Eth gene cluster, encodes an AraC/XylS family transcriptional regulator (EthRB2), a ferredoxin reductase (EthAB2), a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (EthBB2), a ferredoxin (EthCB2) and a 10-kDa protein of unknown function (EthDB2). Complementation with EthABCDB2 and EthABDB2, but not EthABCB2 in strain TB2 restored its ability to degrade chloroacetamide herbicides. Subsequently, codon optimization of EthABCDB2 was performed, after which the optimized components were separately expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified using Ni-affinity chromatography. A mixture of EthABCDB2 or EthABDB2 but not EthABCB2 catalyzed the N-dealkoxymethylation of alachlor, acetochlor, butachlor, and propisochlor and O-dealkylation of pretilachlor, revealing that EthDB2 acted as a ferredoxin in strain B2. EthABDB2 displayed maximal activity at 30 °C and pH 7.5. Conclusions This is the first report of a P450 family oxygenase catalyzing the O-dealkylation and N-dealkoxymethylation of pretilachlor and propisochlor, respectively. And the results of the present study provide a microbial resource for the remediation of chloroacetamide herbicides-contaminated sites.

Although tobacco smoking has been reported as a risk factor for liver cancer, few studies have specifically explored the association among Chinese females and the potential interaction between smoking and other risk factors. A population-based case-control study was conducted and 2,011 liver cancer cases and 7,933 healthy controls were enrolled in Jiangsu, China from 2003 to 2010. Epidemiological data were collected, and serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV antibody were measured. Unconditional logistic regression was used to examine association and potential interaction, while semi-Bayes (SB) method was employed to make estimates more conservative. The prevalence of serum HBsAg positivity was 43.2% among cases and 6.5% among controls. The adjusted odds ratios (OR) for ever smoking were 1.62 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.33-1.96) among male and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.53-1.26) among female. Age at first cigarette, duration of smoking and pack-years of smoking were all significantly associated with liver cancer among men. Compared to HBsAg-negative never smokers, the adjusted ORs were 1.25 (95% CI: 1.03-1.52) for HBsAg-negative ever smokers, 7.66 (95% CI: 6.05-9.71) for HBsAg-positive never smokers, and 15.68 (95% CI: 12.06-20.39) for HBsAg-positive ever smokers. These different odds ratios indicated super-additive (RERI: 7.77, 95% CI: 3.81-11.73) and super-multiplicative interactions (ROR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.17-2.30) between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and tobacco smoking. Most associations and interactions detected remained statistically significant after SB adjustments. Tobacco smoking and HBV infection positively interact in the development of liver cancer.

The bactrial strain Cupriavidus sp. DT-1 can degrade 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) and transform it into 2-hydroxypyridine (2-HP). This is a unique degradation pathway of TCP but incomplete. In the present study, strain DT-1 could degrade 2-HP at a high concentration 500 mg/L and use it as sole carbon source for growth. Three metabolites (nicotine blue, maleamic acid and fumaric acid) were detected in the medium and the complete degradation pathway of TCP was derived. Inoculation of TCP-contaminated soils with strain DT-1 resulted in a degradation rate 94.4% and 86.7% as compared to 20.4% and 28.4% in uninoculated soils, respectively. Fluorescent marker gene gfp was introduced into strain DT-1 and a new strain DT-1- gfp was created, viability test showed the strain could survive well in soils for more than 35 d. This finding suggests that strain DT-1 has potential for use in bioremediation of TCP-contaminated environments.

Dicofol is an organochlorine insecticide widely used to prevent pests worldwide. Consequently, serious environmental problems have arisen from the application of dicofol. Bioremediation is an effective solution for dicofol persistence in the environment. In this study, a bacterial strain D-2, identified to genus Microbacterium, capable of degrading dicofol was isolated from dicofol-contaminated agricultural soil. This represents the first dicofol degrading bacterium isolated from this genus. Microbacterium sp. D-2 degraded 50 mg/L dicofol within 24 h at a rate of 85.1%. Dicofol was dechlorinated by D-2 and the further degradation metabolite was indentified as p,p′-dichlorobenzophenone(DCBP). Soils inoculated with Microbacterium sp. D-2 degraded 81.9% of the dicofol, while soils without D-2 only degraded 20.5% of the dicofol present. This finding suggests that strain D-2 has great potential in bioremediation of dicofol-contaminated soils.

Although the major risk factors for liver cancer have been established, preventive factors for liver cancer have not been fully explored. We evaluated the association between raw garlic consumption and liver cancer in a large population-based case-control study in Eastern China. The study was conducted in Jiangsu, China, from 2003 to 2010. A total of 2011 incident liver cancer cases and 7933 randomly selected population-controls were interviewed. Epidemiological data including raw garlic intake and other exposures were collected, and serum markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were assayed. Overall, eating raw garlic twice or more per week was inversely associated with liver cancer, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 0.77 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.62&ndash, 0.96) compared to those ingesting no raw garlic or less than twice per week. In stratified analyses, high intake of raw garlic was inversely associated with liver cancer among Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) negative individuals, frequent alcohol drinkers, those having history of eating mold-contaminated food or drinking raw water, and those without family history of liver cancer. Marginal interactions on an additive scale were observed between low raw garlic intake and HBsAg positivity (attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) = 0.31, 95% CI: -0.01&ndash, 0.62) and heavy alcohol drinking (AP = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.00&ndash, 0.57). Raw garlic consumption is inversely associated with liver cancer. Such an association shed some light on the potential etiologic role of garlic intake on liver cancer, which in turn might provide a possible dietary intervention to reduce liver cancer in Chinese population.

Background & aims The potential interaction between family history of liver cancer and HBV infection on liver cancer has not been fully examined. Methods We conducted a population-based case-control study composed of 2011 liver cancer cases and 7933 controls in Jiangsu province, China from 2003 to 2010. Data on major risk or protective factors were collected and HBV/HCV sero-markers were assayed using blood samples. Semi-Bayes (SB) adjustments were applied to provide posterior estimates. Results Both family history of liver cancer (adjusted odds ratios [OR]: 4.32, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 3.25-5.73) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity (adjusted OR: 9.94, 95% CI: 8.33-11.87) were strongly associated with liver cancer development. For individuals with different combinations of serological markers, the adjusted ORs were 8.45 (95% CI: 5.16-13.82) for HBsAg- and HBcAb-positive; 7.57 (95% CI: 4.87-11.77) for HBsAg-, HBeAg- and HBcAb-positive; and 3.62 (95% CI: 2.47-5.31) for HBsAg-, HBeAb- and HBcAb-positive, compared to all negatives in HBV serological markers. One log increase in HBV DNA level was associated with 17% increased risk (adjusted OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.03-1.32). The SB-adjusted OR of HBV-positive individuals with family history of liver cancer was 41.34 (95% posterior interval [PI]: 23.69-72.12) compared with those HBV-negative without family history. Relative excess risk due to additive interaction, the attributable proportion and synergy index were 73.13, 0.87 and 8.04 respectively. Adjusted ratio of OR for multiplicative interaction was 2.84 (95% CI: 1.41-5.75). Conclusions Super-additive and super-multiplicative interactions may exist between family history of liver cancer and HBV infection on the development of liver cancer.

Garlic consumption has been inversely associated with esophageal cancer (EC), however, its interactions with tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption have never been evaluated in an epidemiological study. We evaluated the potential interactions between garlic intake and tobacco smoking as well as alcohol consumption in a population-based case-control study with 2,969 incident EC cases and 8,019 healthy controls. Epidemiologic data were collected by face-to-face interview using a questionnaire. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated and additive and multiplicative interactions were evaluated using unconditional logistic regression models, adjusting for potential confounding factors. Semi-Bayes (SB) adjustments were used to reduce potential false-positive findings. EC was inversely associated with raw garlic intake (SB-adjusted OR for more than once a week = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.57–0.80) with a strong dose-response pattern in the overall analysis and in the stratified analyses by smoking and drinking. EC was positively associated with smoking and alcohol drinking with SB-adjusted OR of 1.73 (95% CI: 1.62–1.85) and 1.37 (95% CI: 1.28–1.46) in dose-response effects of increased intensity and longer duration of smoking/drinking. Moreover, garlic intake interacts with smoking [synergy index (S) = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.67–1.02; Ratio of ORs (ROR) = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.80–0.98] and alcohol drinking (S = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.57–0.93; ROR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.77–0.95) both multiplicatively and additively. Our findings suggested that high intake of raw garlic may reduce EC risk and may interact with tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption which might shed a light on the development of EC as well as potential dietary intervention among high risk smokers and drinkers for EC prevention in Chinese population.

Inconsistent evidence has been reported on the role of female hormonal factors in the development of lung cancer. This population-based case-control study evaluated the main effect of menstrual/reproductive factors on the risk of lung cancer, and the effect modification by smoking status. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression models were applied adjusted for age, income, education, county of residence, body mass index, smoking status, pack-years of smoking, and family history of lung cancer. Among 680 lung cancer cases and 1,808 controls, later menopause (at >54 vs.

Ambient air was sampled and analyzed around a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) in Beijing from April 2014 to January 2015 to investigate the concentrations, profiles and seasonal variations of PCDD/Fs in the region using HRGC-HRMS technique. The mass concentrations and TEQ of 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/Fs in the air samples ranged from 8.9 to 140 pg·m

In the large-area soft foundation reinforcement project, the loading process is relatively complicated and the preloading load is not consistent with the service load in most cases; thus the conventional settlement curve fitting method cannot nicely predict the post-construction settlement of foundation under the service load. The back analysis method can be used to obtain the calculation parameters, so the settlement and consolidation conditions under various different loads at different time can be calculated and the foundation settlement hereby can be estimated exactly.

Air samples were collected from six locations during the periods of February, 2011-March, 2012 in Beijing city. PBDD/Fs were analyzed using HRGC-HRMS. The concentrations, congener profiles, spatial distribution, seasonal variation, and inhalation risk assessment were investigated. The mass concentrations of 2,3,7,8-substituted PBDD/Fs is 818-5748 fg m(-3) with an average of 2490 fg m(-3). The highest concentration was observed at site XS in February, 2011 and the lowest was at site BS in July 2011. The TEQ concentrations of PBDD/Fs ranged from 73.3 to 640 fg I-TEQ m(-3), with an average of 190 fg I-TEQ m(-3). The dominant contributor to total I-TEQ value is 2,3,4,7,8-PeBDF, with an average contribution of 35%. The PBDD/Fs at six sampling sites did not show obvious spatial variation. The concentration exhibits obvious seasonal variation, so atmospheric PBDD/F concentrations at six sample sites were much higher in winter than in summer. Residents in Beijing were exposed to PBDD/Fs with the daily inhalation doses being 39-138 fg I-TEQ kg(-1) day(-1) for adult and 69-245 fg TEQ kg(-1) day(-1) for children in winter, but in summer, the values were 10-33 for adult and 18-59 for children. The rough inhalation risk evaluation showed that the residents in Beijing had relatively higher exposure levels of PBDD/Fs in winter, so more research about PBDD/Fs should be carried out at once. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The mold bag cement soil was used to be as the material of dike core while building cofferdam. So the engineering characteristics of cement soil with low mix additions were analyzed in this paper. It was pointed out the unconfined compressive strength of cement soil is mainly related to the property of soil, water content, cement mixing content and degree of mixing uniformity, but has little to do with curing condition, cement adding way and the property of mixing water.

Air samples were collected from six locations during the periods of February, 2011-March, 2012 in Beijing city. Samples were analyzed using HRGC-HRMS according to HJ 77. 2-2008. The concentrations, congener profiles, seasonal variation, spatial distribution, and sources identified were investigated. The mass concentrations of 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/Fs is 1750 to 10380 fg/m(3) with an average of 3670 fg/m(3). The highest concentration was observed at site DS in February 2011 and the lowest was at site NS in July 2011. The TEQ concentrations of PCDD/Fs ranged from 35.0 to 751 fg I-TEQ/m(3), with an average of 251 fg I-TEQ/m(3). The dominant contributor to total TEQ value is 2,3,7,8-PeCDFs, with an average contribution of 40%. Low-chlorinated PCDDs were observed in all samples in winter. The concentration and profiles exhibit obvious seasonal variation. The PCDD/Fs at six sampling sites did not show obvious spatial variation. Seasonal variation of PCDD/F concentrations indicated that the emission sources may be different. Fossil fuel combustion and automobiles may be the main dioxins emission sources during the heating period, whereas, in non-heating period, the automobiles alone are the main emission sources.

With the construction boost of China marine projects, it is necessary to perform underwater foundation monitoring. This paper describes the modification of two types of vibrating wire instruments to achieve the automatic measurement of surface settlement of underwater foundation. Thus surface settlement of underwater foundation can be monitored by automatic data acquisition, storage and transmission with help of current sophisticated automatic data acquisition, automatic storage and battery systems. The automatic monitoring system can provide real-time and reliable monitoring data to guide the marine construction.

A model is founded to simulate the process of artificial island construction by numerical analysis method. The displacement and deformation of the steel cylinder are analyzed. From the results, the settlement of steel cylinder is great, and the maximum is 28.5cm. At the same time, the steel cylinder has lateral displacement in the process of the island construction. The maximum lateral displacement is 12cm. The major influencing factor to the deformation of steel cylinder is the construction of filling sand inside and outside of island and flinging stone. Therefore, the settlement and displacement of steel cylinder should be monitored nearly during this construction step.

Alcohol drinking is a major risk factor for esophageal cancer (EC) and the metabolism of ethanol has been suggested to play an important role in esophageal carcinogenesis. Epidemiologic studies, including genome-wide association studies (GWAS), have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) and aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) to be associated with esophageal cancer. Using a population-based case-control study with 858 EC cases and 1,081 controls conducted in Jiangsu Province, China, we aimed to provide further information on the association of ADH1B (rs1229984), ADH1C (rs698) and ALDH2 (rs671) polymorphisms with esophageal cancer in a Chinese population. Results showed that ADH1B (rs1229984) was associated with EC with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.34 (95% confidence interval: 1.08-1.66) for G-allele carriers compared to A/A homozygotes. No heterogeneity was detected on this association across different strata of alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking. Statistical interactions between ALDH2 (rs671) and alcohol drinking on EC susceptibility in both additive and multiplicative scales were observed. Compared to G/G homozygotes, A-allele carriers were positively associated with EC among moderate/heavy drinkers (OR=1.64, 1.12-2.40) and inversely associated with EC among never/light drinks (OR=0.75, 0.54-1.03). In addition, statistical interaction between ALDH2 and ADH1B polymorphisms on EC susceptibility among never/light drinkers was indicated. We did not observe association of ADH1C polymorphism with EC. In conclusion, our findings indicated that ADH1B (rs1229984) was associated with esophageal cancer independent of alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking status and alcohol drinking interacted with ALDH2 (rs671) on esophageal cancer susceptibility in this high-risk Chinese population.

Nomenclature and classification of diseases are not only related to clinical diagnosis and treatment, but also involved in the fields such as management and exchange of medical information, medical expense payments, and medical insurance payment. In order to standardize clinical physicians' diagnostic and treatment activities, medical records, and the first page of medical records, this article elaborates on the basic principles and methods for nomenclature and classification of diseases with reference to international nomenclature of diseases and international classification of diseases. Meanwhile, in view of the problems in clinical practice, this article proposes the classification of neonatal diseases, the basic procedure and writing rules in the diagnosis of neonatal diseases, and death diagnosis principles.

Resource allocation and scheduling problems in the field of cloud computing can be classified into two major groups. The first one is in the area of MapReduce task scheduling. The default scheduler is the FIFO one. Two other schedulers that are available as plug-in for Hadoop: Fair scheduler and Capacity scheduler. We presented recent research in this area to enhance performance or to better suit a specific application. MapReduce scheduling research involves introducing alternative schedulers, or proposing enhancements for existing schedulers such as streaming and input format specification. The second problem is the provisioning of virtual machines and processes to the physical machines and its different resources. We presented the major cloud hypervisors available today. We described the different methods used to solve the resource allocation problem including optimization, simulation, distributed multi-agent systems and SoA. Finally, we presented the related topic of connecting clouds which uses similar resource provisioning methods. The above two scheduling problems are often mixed up, yet they are related. For example, MapReduce benchmarks can be used to evaluate VM provisioning methods. Enhancing the solution to one problem can affect the other. Similar methods can be used in solving both problems, such as optimization methods. Cloud computing is a platform that hosts applications and services for businesses and users to accesses computing as a service. In this paper, we identify two scheduling and resource allocation problems in cloud computing.

The vacuum preloading technique has often applied for underwater soft foundation improvement in intertidal zones. However, in those construction activities, the variant water pressure loading has not been considered and the vacuum load was just taken as the vacuum pressure below membrane. This treatment was obviously conservative. This research aims to analyze the effect of variant water pressure on membrane on the soil improvement, and proposes the determination method of vacuum load for vacuum preloading technique in intertidal zones, serving as a valuable reference for engineering design.

Objectives To investigate the overall prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in subjects hospitalized for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and explore the prevalence of the major CVD complications and trends in patients with COPD over a 10-year period. Methods Medical records in the PLA General Hospital, Beijing Union Medical College Hospital, and Beijing Hospital from 2000/01/01 to 2010/03/03 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 4960 patients with COPD were reviewed in the study (3570 males, mean age, 72.2 ± 10.5 years; 1390 females, mean age, 72.0 ± 10.4 years). Results The prevalence of CVD in COPD patients was 51.7%. The three most prevalent CVDs were ischemic heart disease (28.9%), heart failure (19.6%), and arrhythmia (12.6%). During the 10-year study period, the prevalence of various CVDs in COPD patients showed a gradual increasing trend with increasing age. There was higher morbidity due to ischemic heart disease (P < 0.01) in male COPD patients than in the female counterparts. However, heart failure (P < 0.01) and hypertension (P < 0.01) occurred less frequently in male COPD patients than in female COPD patients. Furthermore, the prevalence of ischemic heart disease decreased year by year. In addition to heart failure, various types of CVD complications in COPD patients tended to occur in younger subjects. The prevalence of all major types of CVD in women tended to increase year by year. Conclusions The prevalence of CVD in patients hospitalized for COPD in Beijing was high. Age, sex and CVD trends, as well as life style changes, should be considered when prevention and control strategies are formulated. J Geriatr Cardiol 2012; 9: 5−10. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1263.2012.00005

Taking the generator as research object, this paper was trying to determinate the parameters of vibration stress relief with a new method by the aid of finite element software with powerful function. Firstly, size and distribution of remnant stress were determined. Then the modality analysis and harmonic response analysis were carried on the workpiece by using the kinetics analysis function of finite element method. Finally, some crucial parameters of vibration stress relief were obtained.The research method and conclusion would provide the important reference values for casting enterprise to determine technological parameters of vibration stress relief.

The marine cofferdams of the littoral new town in Lianyungang were constructed with geotextile bags filled with solidified soil and the soft ground under the cofferdams was treated by under water vacuum preloading method. The dimension of the cofferdams was reduced while the foundation kept stable. And the cofferdams were configurated with the geotextile bags filled with solidified soil, the silt clay was utilized adequately, the sand stone resource was saved and protected, the obvious effect was achieved. This method can be promoted in construction of marine cofferdams.

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is one of the most economically important crops for non-wood fiber production. The objective of this study was to establish a genetic linkage map of kenaf with higher density of molecular markers. A semi-wild variety Ga42 and a cultivar Alain kenaf were used as parents to construct an F2 population consisting of 155 plants. The genetic linkage map comprising 134 marker loci was constructed, including 65 sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP), 56 inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR), and 13 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. This map spans 2 108.9 cM and contains 20 linkage groups with an average marker density of 15.7 cM between the adjacent markers.

In view of the characteristics of the natural conditions in tidal zones, systematic innovation and improvement have been made in the techniques to execute conventional vacuum preloading technology in combination with sand cushions, technology for installation of prefabricated drains, sealing membrane and technology for laying sealing membrane, and technology for vacuum pumping, to overcome the difficulties in improving underground soft soils in tidal zones. Key techniques in improving underwater soft soils in tidal zones have been solved and the vacuum preloading technique was successfully used in improving soft soils in tidal zones, producing very good results.

It is very important for spheroidic metal cobalt powders production to control the morphology of cobalt oxalate powders precursor. The spheroidic cobalt oxalate powders were prepared by conventional precipitation when a pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) was introduced. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize morphologies and phase structures of the cobalt oxalate powders. The research results show that a pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) play a key role in the process of preparation of spheroidic cobalt oxalate powders. In addition, a possible morphology control mechanism was preliminarily discussed based on the effects of PEMF on the process of growth of cobalt oxalate particles.

There are a few of methods for viewing from medical dataset, including reflecting_show, projecting_show, slicing show. In this article, our research is considered for medical treat and computer’s rapid display, based on IBR technique. Viewing is derived from many images from human brain MRI dataset with Matlab and VC platform. Result shows that this position of display is fairly quick, precise and flexible. Its shortage lies in that the time of preprocessing consumes long, two dimensions.

In the present study, design of experiments (Orthogonal experiment) was used to find an optimal combination for the factors, which affect the catalytic activity of nano-crystalline TiO2 powder synthesized by sol–gel method. Sixteen kinds of TiO2 powder were prepared by changing three material ratio at four levels. The effects of calcinations temperature on the catalyst activity of TiO2 were investigated by single factor experiments. TiO2 were characterized by XRD. The results of design of experiments are examined by the direct observation analysis. The preparation conditions have been optimized as material ratio nTi(OC4H9)4: nH2O: nHN(C2H5OH)2: nC2H5OH=1:2:2.5:20, mean 16.8 nm TiO2 nanoparticle with anatase structure obtained at 500°C calcination. The photodegradation efficiency of methylene blue in aqueous solution is 99 % under 1g/L catalyst.

It is found that great differences exist in the consolidated quick direct shear strength index of the silty clay based on several consolidated quick direct shear tests with different rate of shear. In this letter, the changes of the water-content coefficients of the soil samples before and after the tests are analyzed. The results indicate that the drain consolidation phenomenon exists during the consolidated quick direct shear tests. Different rates of shear are corresponding to different levels of drain consolidation, and then the strength index is different. Furthermore, the reason of the fact that the friction angle of the silty clay relatively increases with different rates of shear, while the cohesive strength decreases relatively is explained.

Item does not contain fulltext Although the association for esophageal cancer with tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking has been well established, the risk appears to be less strong in China. To provide more evidence on the effect of smoking and alcohol consumption with esophageal cancer in China, particularly among Chinese women, a population-based case-control study has been conducted in Jiangsu, China, from 2003 to 2007. A total of 1,520 cases and 3,879 controls were recruited. Unconditional multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied. Results showed that the odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) for ever smoking and alcohol drinking were 1.57 (95% CI: 1.34-1.83) and 1.50 (95% CI: 1.29-1.74). Dose-response relationships were observed with increased intensity and longer duration of smoking/drinking. Risk of smoking and alcohol drinking at the highest joint level was 7.32 (95% CI: 4.58-11.7), when compared to those never smoked and never drank alcohol. Stratifying by genders, smoking and alcohol drinking increased the risk among men with an OR of 1.74 (95% CI: 1.44-2.09) and 1.76 (95% CI: 1.48-2.09); however, neither smoking nor alcohol consumption showed a significant association among women. In conclusion, smoking and alcohol drinking were associated with esophageal cancer risk among Chinese men, but not among Chinese women.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between birth weight and number of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components in an urban Chinese cohort. Individuals (N = 2019) who were born between 1921 and 1954 at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital and who had detailed obstetric records volunteered to take part and were examined by medical personnel in a clinical setting between May 2003 and April 2005. Data of birth outcome and results on clinic examination in adulthood were analyzed using analysis of variance and multivariate ordinal regression to estimate the association between birth weight and MetS. Metabolic syndrome was defined as per the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. The prevalence of MetS was 26.74%, whereas 55.43% of the subjects had at least 2 components of MetS. Subjects who presented with all 5 components of MetS exhibited a significantly lower birth weight and higher age, body mass index, and waist circumference at follow-up. Multivariate ordinal regression analysis revealed that, as compared with those with birth weights of 3000 to 3500 g, subjects who had birth weights of less than 2500 g were 66% more likely to develop a greater number of MetS components in adulthood (95% confidence interval, 1.18-2.34; P = .004), whereas those with birth weights between 2500 and 3000 g were 33% more likely to develop a greater number of MetS components as adults (95% confidence interval, 1.09-1.63; P = .005). The present study demonstrated the relationship between low birth weight and increased presentation of MetS components in Chinese adults.

Aim: To determine the relationship between birth size and later QOL for Chinese people. Methods: Birth data of 1074 subjects were obtained from obstetric birth records of Peking Union Medical College Hospital. All subjects are interviewed face to face with the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey scale by trained investigators. Linear regression model was used to analyse the relationship between QOL and birth head circumference of the subjects after adjusting for the childhood and adulthood characteristics. The relationship was described with regression coefficients (B) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The mean weighted score of QOL was 88.1 ± 9.1, ranging from 76.8 to 100. Larger birth head circumference meant higher adulthood QOL total score (P= 0.001). After controlling the adulthood confounders, as compared to larger head circumference (≥33 cm), small (

Item does not contain fulltext A population-based case-control study on esophageal cancer has been conducted since 2003 in Jiangsu Province, China. The aim of this analysis is to provide further evidence on the relationship between family history of cancer in first-degree relatives (FH-FDRs) and the risk of esophageal cancer, and to explore the joint effects for FH-FDR with major lifestyle risk factors. A total of 1,520 cases and 3,879 controls were recruited. Unconditional logistic regression was applied for evaluating independent association as well as potential interactions between FH-FDR and lifestyle risk factors on the risk of esophageal cancer. Population attributable fraction (PAF) was calculated to quantify the proportion of cases attributable to risk factors. Results showed that with a FH-FDR of any malignant tumor or esophageal cancer, there is a 1.64- and 2.22-fold risk of esophageal cancer, respectively. Association was increased when there was more than one affected FDR (OR = 3.14) and younger age at diagnosis of relatives. Exposure of both FH-FDR and lifestyle risk factors strongly associated with esophageal cancer. Significant superadditivity interaction was found for FH-FDR with fast eating speed and diets low in fruits and vegetables. The estimation of PAF indicated that the majority of cases were attributed to lifestyle risk factors. In conclusion, it was found that FH-FDR significantly increases the risk of esophageal cancer and could modify the effect of certain lifestyle risk factors. If comprehensive lifestyle interventions are carried out within high-risk populations, there is a high probability of curbing occurrences of esophageal cancer.

Nanotechnology has become a comprehensive high-tech subject, and will be the core in the next technological revolution times. With the flourishing development of nanotechnology, it is clear that its research and development have become the hot spot these days for the international scientific community and the engineering community. In this paper, content and development of nanotechnology are discussed in details, as well as the analysis of its application in the field of micro-mechanical, non-friction micro-nano-bearings, the new metal-ceramic nano-tools, nano-magnetic fluid sealed in the ultra-fine grinding machine, etc. And looks forward to applying the nanotechnology in our country.