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Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is underrecognized, and its association with coronary artery disease (CAD) remains limited, especially in China. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of FH and its relationship with CAD in a large Chinese cohort. FH was defined using the Make Early Diagnosis to Prevent Early Death (MEDPED) criteria. The crude and age‐sex standardized prevalence of FH were calculated based on surveys of the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China (China‐PAR) project during 2007−2008. The associations of FH with incident CAD and its major subtypes were estimated with the cohort‐stratified multivariate Cox proportional hazard models based on the data from the baseline to the last follow‐up (2018−2020). Among 98,885 included participants, 190 participants were defined as FH. Crude and age−sex standardized prevalence and 95% confidence interval (CI) of FH were 0.19% (0.17%–0.22%) and 0.13% (0.10%–0.16%), respectively. The prevalence varied across age groups and peaked in the group of 60–<70 years (0.28%), and the peak prevalence (0.18%) in males was earlier, yet lower than the peak crude prevalence in females (0.41%). During a mean follow‐up of 10.7 years, 2493 cases of incident CAD were identified. After multivariate adjustment, FH patients had a 2.03‐fold greater risk of developing CAD compared to non‐FH participants. The prevalence of FH was estimated to be 0.19% in the participants, and it was associated with an elevated risk of incident CAD. Our study suggests that early screening of FH has certain public health significance for the prevention of CAD. This study provided a precise estimate of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) prevalence and strong evidence of the association between FH and coronary artery disease (CAD), based on a large population.Our research has important public health implications for the future prevention of FH and CAD. This study provided a precise estimate of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) prevalence and strong evidence of the association between FH and coronary artery disease (CAD), based on a large population. Our research has important public health implications for the future prevention of FH and CAD. The flow diagram of the study participant selection for the final analysis.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the quality of life (QOL) of patients with cleft lip and palate and velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) in relation to sex, age, age at initial cleft lip surgery, and age at initial cleft palate surgery.Design This is a cross-sectional study.Setting The study was conducted in a tertiary medical center.Participants The participants were caregivers of 72 patients with cleft lip and palate and VPI aged 4 to 20 years.Main Outcome Measure(s) Participants completed the Chinese version of the caregiver report of the VPI Effects on Life Outcomes (VELO) questionnaire. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to evaluate the patients’ sex, age, age at initial cleft lip repair, and age at initial cleft palate repair in relation to VELO total score and domains. Spearman correlation analysis was completed including all study variables. Associations between the study variables and the VELO total score were tested using a generalized linear mixed model.Results In the univariate analysis, patients’ age and age at initial cleft palate surgery influenced the QOL of patients with VPI. There were no differences in the VELO total score or domains based on sex or age at first cleft lip surgery. In the generalized linear mixed model, patients older than 8 years had higher VELO total scores.Conclusions By caregiver report, the QOL of patients under age 8 years with VPI was lower than older patients. In addition, the caregiver impact domain was higher for parents of children who had their initial cleft palate surgery at age 2 years or younger.

Tandem mass tag (TMT)-coupled liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry is a powerful method to investigate synovial tissue protein profiles in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). Protein was isolated from synovial tissue samples of 22 patients and labeled with a TMT kit. Over 500 proteins were identified as the differential expression protein on comparing RA and OA synovial tissue, including 239 upregulated and 271 downregulated proteins. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD027703. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that the majority participated in the developmental processes and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. Olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4), a secreted glycoprotein, in joint inflammation of RA was explored. OLFM4 was upregulated in RA synovial tissue samples. In fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), inflammation cytokines, TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and LPS can upregulate OLFM4. After OLFM4 knockdown under TNF-α stimulation, RA FLS proliferation was inhibited and the expression of CXCL9, CXCL11, and MMP-1 was decreased. Overall, the RA synovial tissue protein expression profile by proteomic analysis shows some unique targets in RA pathophysiology, and OLFM4 in FLS plays an important role in RA joint inflammation. OLFM4 can be a promising therapeutic target in RA synovial tissue.

In recent years, many oil spill weathering process models have been developed to predict the trajectory and fate of oil at sea. As a part of oil spill damage assessment model, a precise prediction of physical fate and chemical properties of spilled oil on the sea surface is a key factor to assess environmental damages and take response actions. A system dynamic (SD) model is applied to predict the physical fate and properties of spilled oil in this paper, since oil weathering processes affect each other after spillage. The major oil weathering processes, spreading, evaporation, dispersion, emulsification, dissolution, biodegradation, and oil properties, dynamic viscosity, dynamic density, and oil-water interfacial tension, are included in the SD model and simulated later. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a new way to predict oil weathering processes and oil mass balance using the SD model.

The mortality rate of fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) is high because of retarded liver regeneration. Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rHuG-CSF) and tacrolimus are known to be immunosuppressive and supportive to liver regeneration. We investigated the effects of their combination therapy in a rat FHF model with a 68% partial hepatectomy and 24% liver necrosis. All rats without drug pretreatment died within 55 h. The median time was prolonged from 37 to 52 h by rHuG-CSF (250 µµg/kg/day s.c. on days ––5 to 0) and to 46 h by tacrolimus (0.5 mg/kg/day i.m. on days ––2 to 0). Notably, the combination therapy facilitated DNA biosynthesis and survival prolongation, with a median of 77 h. The interferon-γγ(IFN-γγ) protein levels and natural killer cell (NK) activity in the liver were low at 12 h, and no further inhibition was detected by any treatment. Tacrolimus significantly upregulated the mRNA levels of insulin receptors and transforming growth factor-αα(TGF-αα), whereas rHuG-CSF did not. Regarding tissue remodeling-related factors, rHuG-CSF upregulated mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase- 9 (MMP-9), whereas tacrolimus did not. The combination treatment upregulated protein levels of both insulin receptors and VEGF. These results suggest that tacrolimus improves the hepatocyte replication and rHuG-CSF contributes to tissue reconstitution, and this combination therapy directly facilitates liver regeneration in the FHF model.