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The objective of this article is to analyze teachers’ assessment of various resources used to teach history. The research methodology is of a quantitative nature with a non-experimental design using a questionnaire with a Likert scale. The non-probabilistic sample comprises 332 history teachers in Primary and Secondary Education in Spain. The analyses carried out are descriptive and inferential. The results indicate that the surveyed teachers value better the resources that imply a greater involvement of the students in the teaching of history and therefore more active methodologies. Specifically, the most valued resources were heritage, artistic productions and museums and, the least valued, video games, textbooks, and applications of historical content for mobile devices and tablets. The study concludes that heritage is a growing educational resource among teachers and shows that teachers are moving away from their perception of resources, which involve a more traditional methodology of teaching history.

Research related to the acquisition of historical skills by students of compulsory education levels is of great interest today in different countries. The paper presents the first results of an investigation whose objective is to analyze the cognitive abilities required of students in activities within second grade Secondary Education History textbooks in Italy. The information analysis instruments are five books belonging to the best-selling publishers in Italy. The study design presents a quantitative descriptive approach, centered on average values through the statistical program SPSS v. 24. The main results indicate that in all the books analyzed the majority of the activities are of a low cognitive level and that, therefore, they ask the students to textually reproduce the conceptual contents of the textbook, which makes it difficult to learn critical and reflective historical thinking. These results coincide with those obtained in other European countries like Spain, Portugal and France.

Over the last few decades, heritage education in Spain has shifted from being just another area of knowledge to a scientific discipline in its own right. Heritage and heritage education actions have been demonstrated to contribute to the development of critical and active citizenship. From school onwards, heritage is an important resource in education for citizenship and teaching history. This chapter aims to provide the theoretical premise for working in the classroom with archaeological heritage to contribute to the learning of social sciences. The focus on education with heritage is laid out, the Spanish educational curriculum is analyzed, and the necessary tools will be provided for work in the classroom with archaeological heritage. In conclusion, it presents how field trips can be integrated into the teaching program.

El artículo analiza las percepciones de los estudiantes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) y Bachillerato sobre el uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) en la enseñanza de la historia. La muestra participante fue de 467 estudiantes de Institutos de Educación Secundaria de la Región de Murcia. Este estudio forma parte de un proyecto de investigación de mayor envergadura, relativo a enseñanza de la historia e implantación de metodologías y recursos innovadores. Del cuestionario estructurado para la recogida de información, se han seleccionado los ítems relativos al uso de las TIC y a la visión de los discentes. Los resultados arrojan una persistencia del modelo tradicional de enseñanza, que no prioriza metodologías cooperativas y de indagación, en el cual las TIC siguen teniendo un papel subsidiario. Se conciben como un complemento, más esporádico aún en Bachillerato que en ESO. Las conclusiones determinan que mientras se siga enseñando historia con una visión factual y memorística es difícil formar ciudadanos críticos, con destrezas a la hora de construir su propio aprendizaje. Aunque el alumnado sea nativo digital será difícil que usen los recursos digitales para adquirir habilidades o valores, pues sigue priorizándose la transmisión pasiva de discursos cerrados., The article analyzes the perceptions of students of Compulsory Secondary Education (ESO) and Baccalaureate about the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in the teaching of history. The sample used was 467 students from public High Schools of the Region of Murcia and was part of a larger research, related to the teaching of history and the implementation of innovative methodologies and resources. The items related to the use of ICTs and their vision among students have been selected. The results show a persistence of the traditional teaching model, which does not prioritize cooperative and inquiry methodologies, in which ICTs continue to have a subsidiary role. They are a complement, more sporadic even in Baccalaureate than in ESO. While continuing to teach history with a factual and memorial vision, it is difficult to train critical citizens, with skills when it comes to building their own learning. Even if they are digital natives, it will be difficult for them to use digital resources to acquire skills or values, since passive transmission of closed speeches continues to be prioritized.

(1) The use of heritage in fieldwork, enabling the analysis of historical sources in museums via school trips, contributes towards the development of historical thinking and the formation of active, participative and critical citizens within the field of formal education (2) The general objective of the present study is to estimate the value which teachers and museum educators confer upon museums and school visits in the stages of early years, primary and secondary education. The research method employed is quantitative, based on the study of a descriptive comparative cross-sectional survey. The participants are 442 teachers, who visited two archaeological museums with their class groups in order to carry out an activity relating to the subject of history, and 18 museum educators. The data collection tool was the MUSELA © questionnaire. (3) The main results indicate that both teachers and educators agree that it is the responsibility of the educator to connect the visit with the interests of the group. 70% of the museum educators are totally in agreement with the academic perspective provided by museums, and more than 75% of the teachers and museum educators are totally in agreement with the fact that the objective of museum visits is to increase knowledge and cultural experience. (4) Educational agents’ understanding of the use of visits to archaeological museums as field trips for history work is a challenge that must be confronted over the coming decade. It is necessary to promote a model of collaboration that develops interaction by generating common educational projects.

The research objectives of this paper are to compare the activities which have been prepared in the design of field trips from the perspective of teachers and museum educators, as well as to describe the use of resources and materials from the point of view of educational agents. The research method is quantitative, based on the study of a descriptive comparative cross-sectional survey. The participants are 442 teachers of early years, primary and secondary education, visiting two archaeological museums with their class groups in order to carry out an activity relating to the subject of history. The data collection tool was the MUSELA© questionnaire. The main results show that 60% of the teachers state that they prepare some kind of activities and 70% use some resources within the design of a field trip to an archaeological museum. On the other hand, 94.4% of the museum educators carry out activities using resources in the museum visit. The main conclusion is that the activities which are most used by teachers and educators in the museum (experimentation and artistic workshops, audio-visual observation and viewing tasks and debates or sharing) and by teachers in the classroom space (audio-visual viewing) do not guarantee research activities, analysis or reflection activities.

El propósito de este estudio ha sido diseñar y validar el instrumento de recogida de información Museo y Escuela, relación y uso para la enseñanza de la historia destinado a docentes (MUSELA DOC). En el procedimiento de análisis se valoraron las características psicométricas del instrumento, su validez de contenido, confiabilidad y validez de constructo adoptando un diseño descriptivo analítico, fundamentalmente cuantitativo. Las estrategias utilizadas fueron un estudio piloto y un análisis externo en el que participaron dieciocho expertos. Los participantes debían valorar el instrumento utilizando una escala de validación, diseñada ad hoc y estructurada en tres partes diferenciadas. La escala se componía de cinco dimensiones que sustentan las bases conceptuales del instrumento. El análisis de la confiabilidad del cuestionario, mediante el método alfa de Cronbach, ha arrojado un coeficiente de .57 para los 38 ítems analizados de la escala global, lo que indica una consistencia interna moderada. MUSELA se establece como uno de los primeros instrumentos de recogida de información cuantitativa sometidos a un proceso de validación y encargado de analizar la planificación y modos de colaboración entre el museo y la educación formal. The purpose of this study was to design and validate the Museum and School information collection tool, relationship and use for teaching history to teachers (MUSELA DOC). The analysis procedure consists of the study of the psychometric characteristics of the instrument, its validity of content, reliability and construct validity. The quantitative design is analytical descriptive. The strategies used were a pilot study and an external analysis in which eighteen experts participated. The participants had to assess the instrument using a validation scale, designed ad hoc and structured in three different parts (presentation of the purpose of the research and the objectives of the questionnaire, instructions for completion, items that should be analyzed according to the adequacy, relevance, relevance and orthographic correction through a scale of numerical estimation with five values). The scale consisted of five dimensions that support the conceptual basis of the instrument. The analysis of the reliability of the questionnaire, using Cronbach's alpha method, has shown a coefficient of .57 for the 38 items analyzed on the global scale, which indicates a moderate internal consistency. Two questions have had to be excluded from the analytical process because they do not have enough variability.

La mejora del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la Historia en la educación obligatoria tiene, en el denominado pensamiento histórico, una vía para su consecución a través del trabajo en el aula de seis habilidades de pensamiento, propias del oficio del historiador, que ayudan, a su vez, a la adquisición de las competencias clave recogidas en la legislación educativa. Esta obra recoge diversas aportaciones teóricas e investigativas , así como experiencias y propuestas de aula y para el aula en torno al trabajo de dos de las competencias clave, la competencia lingüística y la competencia digital, en base a una de las habilidades propias del pensamiento histórico: la narrativa histórica.

Estas palabras, que forman parte del discurso que el profesor Dr. D. Joaquim Prats utilizó como Lectio en su investidura como Doctor Honoris Causa de la Universidad de Murcia, sirvieron de cierre al “I Congreso Internacional Creando Ciudadanos, Construyendo Identidades. El uso del patrimonio material e inmaterial en la enseñanza de la historia”, que se desarrolló entre los días 26 y 29 de abril de 2016 en la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad de Murcia. El congreso fue organizado por el grupo de investigación DICSO, perteneciente al Departamento de Didáctica de las Ciencias Matemáticas y Sociales de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad de Murcia, y vino avalado por la labor investigadora realizada gracias al proyecto “La formación en identidad regional en ciencias sociales a partir del patrimonio inmaterial. Aplicaciones didácticas para Educación Secundaria Obligatoria”, financiado por la Fundación Séneca de Murcia. These words, which are part of the speech that Professor Dr. D. Joaquim Prats used as Lectio in his investiture as Doctor Honoris Causa of the University of Murcia, served as a closing to the “I International Congress Creating Citizens, Building Identities. The use of tangible and intangible heritage in the teaching of history ”, which took place between April 26 and 29, 2016 at the Faculty of Education of the University of Murcia. The congress was organized by the DICSO research group, belonging to the Department of Didactics of Mathematical and Social Sciences of the Faculty of Education of the University of Murcia, and was endorsed by the research work carried out thanks to the project "Training in regional identity in social sciences from intangible heritage. Didactic applications for Compulsory Secondary Education ”, financed by the Seneca de Murcia Foundation.

Este libro recoge, en tres bloques de contenidos, los estudios y propuestas didácticas de diferentes investigadores / docentes, en los que el patrimonio y su utilización en la educación, tanto formal como informal y no formal, se relaciona con distintos elementos: por un lado, con la creación identitaria (propuestas recogidas en el primer bloque de contenidos, que abarcan desde los procesos de identización hasta la configuración de identidades individuales o compartidas); con la enseñanza de la Historia (trabajos sobre el tratamiento didáctico del patrimonio en las clases de Historia, incluidos en el segundo bloque); y con la formación de ciudadanos, lo que constituye la tercera y última sección de trabajos de este volumen.