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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in individuals worldwide. Producing a clinically relevant TBI model in small-sized animals remains fairly challenging. For good screening of potential therapeutics, which are effective in the treatment of TBI, animal models of TBI should be established and standardized. In this study, we established mouse models of closed head injury using the Shohami weight-drop method with some modifications concerning cognitive deficiency assessment and provided a detailed description of the severe TBI animal model. We found that 250 g falling weight from 2 cm height produced severe closed head injury in C57BL/6 male mice. Cognitive disorders in mice with severe closed head injury could be detected using passive avoidance test on day 7 after injury. Findings from this study indicate that weight-drop injury animal models are suitable for further screening of brain neuroprotectants and potentially are similar to those seen in human TBI.

This study attempted to determine the pattern of the human bioenergy frequency measured by Resonant Field Imaging (RFI) frequency counter at the frontal area of stressed and non-stressed individuals. Subjects were categorized into stressed and non-stressed groups by the scores of self-report questionnaires which consist of Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The mean of bioenergy frequencies revealed to be significantly different among gender and educational levels of the subjects. Significant differences on mean of bioenergy frequencies were also found between the groups of stressed and non-stressed subjects. Male subjects showed statistically significant differences on the mean frequencies of bioenergy between stressed and non-stressed groups for K10 and HADS-Depression while female subjects only reported a significant difference on the mean of bioenergy frequencies between stressed and non-stressed groups based on HADS-Depression. In conclusion, RFI frequency counter was able to differentiate the human bioenergy frequencies in the stressed and non-stressed subjects, illustrating that the frequency counter may have a great potential to be applied as a screening tool in detecting individual with stress.

The aim of this cross sectional case control study was to examine the serofrequency and serointensity of Toxoplasma gondii (Tg) IgG, IgM, and DNA among patients with schizophrenia. A total of 101 patients with schizophrenia and 55 healthy controls from Sungai Buloh Hospital, Selangor, Malaysia and University Malaya Medical Center (UMMC) were included in this study. The diagnosis of schizophrenia was made based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). The presence of Tg infection was examined using both indirect (ELISA) and direct (quantitative real-time PCR) detection methods by measuring Tg IgG and IgM and DNA, respectively. The serofrequency of Tg IgG antibodies (51.5%, 52/101) and DNA (32.67%, 33/101) among patients with schizophrenia was significantly higher than IgG (18.2%, 10/55) and DNA (3.64%, 2/55) of the controls (IgG, P=0.000, OD=4.8, CI=2.2-10.5; DNA, P=0.000, OD=12.9, CI=2.17-10.51). However, the Tg IgM antibody between patients with schizophrenia and controls was not significant (P>0.005). There was no significant difference (P>0.005) in both serointensity of Tg IgG and DNA between patients with schizophrenia and controls. These findings have further demonstrated the strong association between the active Tg infection and schizophrenia.

The aim of the study was to screen the human psychological stress using Resonant Field Imaging (RFI) frequency counter. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 141 physically healthy participants. The body radiation frequencies were measured using RFI frequency counter at the frontal region. Participants were then required to complete the three validated questionnaires that served as the gold standard of stress i.e. Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Scatter plots and Pearson Correlation analysis were done to find any associations between the body radiation frequencies and the total scores of the questionnaires. The results from this study showed that there were weak correlations between body radiation frequencies at frontal region with K10, HADS-Anxiety, HADS-Depression and GHQ-12. These findings suggest that RFI frequency counter has a potential to be used as a screening tool in detecting psychological stress.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sickness absenteeism among the three types of agencies, government, semi-government (boards) and private (public) companies. The methodology involved eliciting retrospective data on medical leave over the year 1990 by requesting the agencies to fill up a questionnaire (Appendix I), and calculating the indices of absenteeism from this data. The results show that the private agencies scored higher for all the indices but only the “lost time” percentage was significantly increased. Females also had significantly higher severity of sickness absenteeism rates in all the agencies. Overtime work was associated with higher absenteeism indices, markedly noted in the private agencies. In conclusion, agencies showed work out their own indices of absenteeism so that it could be compared with national rates.