Search

Commensal non-pathogenicNeisseriaspp. live within the human host alongside the pathogenicNeisseria meningitidisandNeisseria gonorrhoeaeand due to natural competence, horizontal gene transfer within the genus is possible and has been observed. Four distinctNeisseriaspp. isolates taken from the throats of two human volunteers have been assessed here using a combination of microbiological and bioinformatics techniques. Three of the isolates have been identified asNeisseria subflavabiovarperflavaand one asNeisseria cinerea. Specific gene clusters have been identified within these commensal isolate genome sequences that are believed to encode a Type VI Secretion System, a newly identified CRISPR system, a Type IV Secretion System unlike that in otherNeisseriaspp., a hemin transporter, and a haem acquisition and utilization system. This investigation is the first to investigate these systems in either the non-pathogenic or pathogenicNeisseriaspp. In addition, theN. subflavabiovarperflavapossess previously unreported capsule loci and sequences have been identified in all four isolates that are similar to genes seen within the pathogens that are associated with virulence. These data from the four commensal isolates provide further evidence for aNeisseriaspp. gene pool and highlight the presence of systems within the commensals with functions still to be explored.

Security is always the core focus for the researchers. Mobile WiMAX (World wide interoperability for Microwave Access) comes in 2005 and currently adopted by many organizations for broadband access. In this paper different security aspects for Mobile WiMAX or IEEE 802.16e-2005 has been analyzed. Numerous and diverse attacks related to authorization key distribution are a direct consequence of the existing susceptibilities in IEEE802.16e-2005. So security enhancement against these attacks and provision of proper authentication to SS (Subscriber Station) is the foremost necessity in mobile network. OMNET++ simulator is used to simulate and verify the proposed solution. The scenario is verified against different attacks and shows the results in scalar and vector output graphs. The results show the proposed solution's suitability against prone environment.