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This study contributes to understanding ecological changes in land use following slash-and-burn land clearing. This study aimed to compare the richness and density of plant species and soil fertility in farmland cultivated for one year (1 Y), three years (3 Y), and five years (5 Y) after slash-and-burn, with the conditions in the secondary forest (SF) in Berau Regency of East Kalimantan. Understory plant taxon types, numbers, and soil organic matter were measured in each region using a series of nested plots. The size of each observation plot was 20 x 100 m. Data on understory vegetation composition was collected using 1 x 1 m mini plots at 20 sampling points and divided into five blocks, with a 10 m spacing between sampling points on each property. Understory vegetation species and cover percentage, litter cover percentage, open soil percentage, and soil fertility were measured for each observation plot. The results showed that the land cover percentage increased each year during the 5 years transition from secondary forest to farmland. Furthermore, within the 5 years, there was a change in understory species, particularly the presence of grasses and sedges at 3 and 5 years after the land use change. However, the transition from secondary forest to farmland within 5 years did not alter soil organic matter and total nitrogen.

Abstract Background To predict outcomes and identify potential therapeutic targets for cancers, it is critical to find novel specific biomarkers. The objective of this study was to search for and explore novel bladder cancer-associated protein biomarkers. Methods A library of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the JAM-ICR cell line was first generated, and clones with high affinity were selected. Hybridomas were screened using bladder cancer (BLCA) cell lines and normal cells. The target of the selected mAb was then characterized through immunoaffinity purification, western blotting, and mass spectrometry analysis. Expression of the target antigen was assessed by flow cytometry and IHC methods. Several databases were also used to evaluate the target antigen in BLCA and other types of cancers. Results Based on screenings, a 6D6 clone was selected that recognized an isoform of beta-actin (ACTB). Our data showed that ACTB expression on different cell lines was heterogeneous and varied significantly from low to high intensity. 6D6 bound strongly to epithelial cells while showing weak to no reactivity to stromal, endothelial, and smooth muscle cells. There was no association between ACTB intensity and related prognostic factors in BLCA. In silico evaluations revealed a significant correlation between ACTB and overexpressed genes and biomarkers in BLCA. Additionally, the differential expression of ACTB in tumor and healthy tissue as well as its correlation with survival time in a number of cancers were shown. Conclusions The heterogeneous expression of ACTB may suggest the potential value of this marker in the diagnosis or prognosis of cancer.

Abstract Background Adolescents are a high-risk age group for committing suicide, and the risk substantially increases from early to late adolescence. Adolescence also serves as critical time period for early detection and intervention to prevent suicidal behaviors. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of suicidality and identify significant predictors of suicidality among adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted between January-December 2023. Adolescents aged 14–18 years old (n = 2317) were consecutively recruited from 15 high schools across four provinces on Java Island in Indonesia. Self-reported validated instruments in Indonesian were used to assess sociodemographic profiles, self-esteem (RSES), hopelessness (BHS), loneliness (ULS-3), perceived social support (MSPSS), depression (PHQ-9), resilience (CD-RISC-10), suicidality (SBQ-R). With adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine significant predictors of suicidality. Results The prevalence of lifetime suicide ideation was 26.5%, lifetime suicide plans were 18.2%, lifetime suicide threat was 14.1%, and lifetime suicide attempt was 4.4%. The prevalence of 12-month suicide ideation was 43.1%. The following variables were identified and significantly associated with suicidality (p

Abstract Metalenses are flat lenses, where sub-wavelength, so-called meta-atoms manipulate the electric field to perform a given lens function. Compared to traditional lenses, the two main drawbacks of metalenses are their achromatic limitations and low efficiencies. While an abundance of simulations show that efficiencies above 90% are attainable for low numerical apertures (NA), experimental reports showing such high efficiencies are limited. Here, we use electron-beam lithography (EBL) to realize a set of lenses with varying NA from 0.08 to 0.93. The low NAs were expected to fit the model, and the higher NAs determine the validity range of the model. We find that measured efficiencies above 92% for NA = 0.24 are achievable, and that a slight modification of the simulation model extends its validility to NA = 0.6. Based on our results, we discuss that the lower efficiencies reported in the literature are caused by low-fidelity manufacturing, closing the efficiency gap between measurements and simulation in metalens fabrication.

The purpose of this research was to analyze the educational consequences of attending religious communities. This research was conducted as a qualitative study using the narrative research method. The research community included people who continuously participated in religious gatherings and delegations. A semi-structured interview was conducted with 15 of these participants using the purposeful sampling method until the theoretical saturation of the data. After conducting face-to-face interviews and recording the conversations, the interviews were converted into text, then the data was analyzed by thematic analysis method of thematic network formation with the help of MAXQDA software. In order to validate the data, the method of agreement between the coders was used, and for the validity of the findings, the method of review by experts was used. Analysis of the findings showed 4 organizing themes and 28 basic themes. The themes of the organizer included service ethics, social ethics, environmental ethics, and individual ethics. Some of the basic themes under each of the organizing themes include strengthening the relationship with God, performing acts of worship, respecting the rights of others, regulating family relationships, consultation, teamwork, good morality, altruism, attention to animals, plants and nature, hope. , responsibility, patience and meditation. The findings showed that the continuous presence of people in religious groups and communities leads to strengthening the relationship with God, prioritizing obtaining divine approval, improving relationships with family members, relatives, neighbors and other members of society, respecting the opinions of others, strengthening The spirit of seeking participation and responsibility, honoring and dealing responsibly with the creatures of existence, not being attached to worldly pleasures, and increasing patience and tolerance in the face of problems.

Background: The aggregation of clonal plasma cells causes plasma cell neoplasms, which vary in severity and clinical outcomes. The present research focused on the epidemiological, clinical, immunologic, and cytogenetic characteristics of plasma cell neoplasms. Methods: In this five-year retrospective cross-sectional study, demographic information such as age and sex, calcium elevation, renal insufficiency, anemia, and bone lesion (CRAB) characteristics, as well as laboratory data including bone marrow and peripheral blood film results, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and cytogenetic study outcomes were collected at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics software (version 20.0). Descriptive statistics were reported as numbers, percentages, and mean±SD.Results: 417 newly diagnosed plasma cell neoplasm patients were confirmed by bone marrow or other tissue biopsy tests. 279 patients were men (66.9%). The most prevalent age group was 60-64 years old (18.46%). Plasma cell myeloma (PCM) affected 355 (85.13%) patients, while monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) affected 6 (1.43%) patients. Solitary plasmacytoma was seen in 56 (13.42%) patients. At the time of diagnosis, 119 (33.52%) of 355 PCM patients were asymptomatic, whereas 236 (66.47%) patients had at least one CRAB symptom, 55 (15.49%) had two or more, and 14 (3.94%) had three or more. There were 7 (1.97%) cases of amyloidosis. Cytogenetic abnormalities were found in 51.28% (40/78) of the patients. Twenty-one individuals (52.5%) were hyperdiploid with multiple trisomy, while 19 (47.50%) were not. Conclusion: When diagnosed, Iranian PCM patients might have more advanced disease. PCM was more prevalent in young adults, and hyperdiploid was the most common cytogenetic finding in this investigation.

Abstract Background Biomarkers that can predict outcome will improve the efficacy of treatment for HNSCC patients. In this regard, we retrospectively evaluated the prognostic effect of PD1, PD-L1, and CD45RO in tongue and larynx squamous cell carcinomas. Methods FFPE tissue blocks of 63 larynx and 40 tongue squamous cell carcinoma samples were selected, cut into 3 µm sections, and immunohistochemically stained for PD1, PD-L1, and CD45RO. The slides were evaluated by an expert pathologist, and results were analysed using Chi-square, univariate, and multivariable Cox regression methods. Results TC-PD-L1 expression (P = 0.001) and its expression intensity (P = 0.002) were significantly correlated with a higher percentage of PD-1 + tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. In univariate survival analysis, TC-PD-L1 and its expression intensity had a significant impact on both DFS (HR: 0.203; P = 0.003 and HR: 0.320; P = 0.005) and OS (HR: 0.147; P = 0.002 and HR: 0.322; P = 0.005). Based on the multivariate analysis, PD1 (DFS: HR: 3.202; P = 0.011, OS: HR: 2.671; P = 0.027) and TC-PD-L1 (DFS: HR: 0.174; P = 0.006, OS: HR: 0.189; P = 0.009) were found to be independent prognostic markers. In the second part, scoring systems were defined based on the expression status of PD1 and PD-L1. Patients with higher scores were expected to have longer DFS and OS. In multivariate analysis, the PD1/TC-PD-L1 (DFS: P = 0.001, OS: P = 0.003) scoring systems showed superior prognostic effects. Interestingly, at the highest levels of this score, none of the patients experienced recurrence or cancer-caused death. Conclusion Collectively, this study suggests negative prognostic behaviour for TC-PD-L1 protein and introduces the PD-1/TC-PD-L1 scoring system as a strong prognostic marker in OS and DFS prediction of tongue and larynx HNSCC patients.

Background: Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. MYCN gene amplification (MNA) is an independent prognostic factor for rapid tumor progression and poor prognosis, regardless of age and clinical stage. Gain of the MYCN gene locus on the short arm of chromosome 2 can also be found in neuroblastoma.Method: In this retrospective descriptive analysis of genetic alterations in neuroblastoma tumor samples, both before and after standard chemotherapy, we examined the MYCN gene copy number status in 20 neuroblastic tumor samples using the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method. We also evaluated its relationship with clinical variables and tumor maturation after standard chemotherapy treatment. Additionally, we compared disease outcomes among different MYCN copy number categories.Results: Among the tumor samples, four (25%) exhibited increased MYCN copy numbers, 20% showed MYCN amplification, and 5% displayed MYCN gain. We observed decreased survival rates in advanced stages of neuroblastoma. Furthermore, in male patients, we noted an association between increased MYCN copy number and metastatic tumors.Conclusion: We found that increased MYCN copy number is moderately associated with an immature phenotype and correlated with lower event-free survival. However, we did not detect a statistically significant difference.

This research investigates the psychological health of tourism industry’s workforce in the midst of COVID-19 in the context of Chinese Tourism Industry. We have employed stress theory for the predictive analysis and hypothesis crafting in terms of mediator (financial dissatisfaction) and moderators (quality of marital relationship and family income). Path analysis has been used to evaluate different relationships while adopting ABCX family stress model. The findings confirm that alongside the economic and livelihood impacts of the unemployment, the tourism industry’s workforce has also suffered from psychological externalities of the phenomenon, not only individually but also in terms of their relationships at different levels. It further elaborates the inculcation of resilience in the tourism workforce on part of the maintenance of stability and harmony in the original family. It implies that the head over heels job responsibilities and joblessness foster work-family conflict equally likely.

Metode Multi Soil Layering (MSL) adalah metode pengolahan limbah yang memanfaatkan tanah sebagai media dalam penyisihan parameter. Metode MSL sudah banyak digunakan pada berbagai pengolahan limbah cair seperti limbah cair domestik, industri dan lain sebagainya. Namun, belum pernah ditemukan publikasi pengolahan limbah cair industri pembekuan ikan dengan menggunakan metode MSL. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan efektivitas metode MSL dalam menurunkan parameter Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS) dan pH pada limbah cair industri pembekuan ikan. Variasi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah variasi 1, 2 dan 3 layer SMB. Penelitian ini menggunakan variasi waktu pengolahan 24, 48 dan 72 jam. Pengolahan limbah cair industri pembekuan ikan menggunakan metode MSL dapat menurunkan kadar COD, TSS, dan menetralkan pH. Hasil dari pengolahan limbah cair industri pembekuan ikan menggunakan metode MSL pada parameter COD senilai 41 mg/l dengan efektivitas penurunannya 90,33%, parameter TSS senilai 49 mg/l dengan efektivitas penurunannya 88,94%, dan mengalami perubahan nilai pH menjadi 7,7 pada variasi 1 layer SMB dengan waktu 72 jam. Metode MSL diharapkan menjadi sebuah alternatif baru pada pengolahan limbah cair industri pembekuan ikan sehingga dijadikan metode dalam mengolah limbah cair yang dihasilkan.

Background: Blended learning, which comprises a combination of online and classroom-based activities, in nursing education can cause significant academic stress and depression symptoms among students. However, self-esteem may mediate the relationship between academic self-efficacy and depression symptoms. Studies of the relationship between academic self-efficacy, self-esteem, and depression symptoms among nursing students participating in blended learning are limited. Objectives: To examine the determinants of depression symptoms and the mediating effect of self-esteem on the relationship between academic self-efficacy and depression symptoms among nursing students who participate in blended learning. Design: Cross-sectional study using convenience sampling. Settings: Ten universities across five provinces and two major Indonesian islands. Participants: A total of 534 undergraduate nursing students with a mean age of 20.30 years (standard deviation, ±1.36 years). Methods: An online survey was conducted between April and August 2022 to collect data from 10 universities applying blended learning. The study instruments included the General Self-Efficacy Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and a 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Data were analysed by hierarchical linear regression using PROCESS macro version 4.1. Results: Of the 534 participants, 213 (39.14 %) experienced moderate-to-severe depression symptoms. Two variables, online learning difficulties (β = 0.10; p = .012) and self-esteem (β = −0.40; p

Background: Much is still unknown regarding the clinicopathology and prognosis of patients with multifocal/multicentric breast cancer (MMBC). We herein compared the clinicopathology and prognosis of patients with unifocal and MMBCs.Method: This cross-sectional research is a part of Shiraz Breast Cancer Registry (SBCR). We studied all the patients in the SBCR (n=6145). Ultrasound reports were used to differentiate between MMBCs and unifocal breast cancers (BCs). All the patients were examined with mammography and the diagnosis was confirmed postoperatively via pathology reports.Results: After exclusion, 4045 patients entered the study (n=1072 and n=2973 for multifocal/multicentric and unifocal BCs, respectively). The mean follow-up period was 57.9 (0.27-275) months. Patients with MMBCs had higher rates of mastectomy (48% vs. 40.1%; P < 0.001) and higher rates of HER-2 overexpression (32.1% vs. 26%; P = 0.001) compared with those with unifocal BCs. Tumor size, lymph node involvement, type of axillary management, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy, recurrence rates, histological grade, lymphovascular invasion, axillary node involvement, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression status, tumor, node, and metastasis staging were not significantly different between the groups. Five-year overall survival was 88.3% and 89% (P = 0.8) for unifocal and MMBCs, respectively; moreover, five-year disease-free survival was 80.2% and 81.2% (P = 0.41), respectively.Conclusion: Despite the controversy regarding prognosis and surgical management in MMBCs, we found that MMBCs had similar clinicopathological features and prognosis compared to unifocal BCs. Survival, recurrence, and metastasis were similar among the two groups.

ntertextuality is one of the new theories of literary criticism that examines the relationship between texts and the way in which literary works are influenced. Seyyed Ahmad Razi Adib Peshawari is one of the prominent poets of the constitutional era who successfully followed the style of famous old masters, especially in the fifth and sixth centuries, and in the field of poems, admired Khaghani Shervani (595-520 AH), the author. Has lightened. One of the most important examples is the famous ode and verse of Ivan Madain, which has a comprehensive effect on the mind and language of the Peshawar writer and provides a suitable context for the poet to express his legal and political thought in one ode. However, due to the verbal and spiritual difficulties of the poetry of Khaghani Shervani and Adib Peshawari, the opinion of many scholars and writers has been far from the study of intertextual reading in two historical positions and two different cultures. Therefore, in this article, with the analytical-comparative method, the famous ode of Ivan Madain with the influenced ode of Adib Peshawari, based on intertextual theory with emphasis on its poetic style has been studied. First, the element of music, language and content, and at the end of each topic, how the late poet was influenced and innovated. The result of the research shows that Adib Peshawari has similar to Khaghani in the structure of style and content, however, the level of imagination of literary elements and the main concept of poetry,

Objective Having physical activity and proper nutrition are very important for preventing Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). The present study aims to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) along with purslane (Portulaca Oleracea) supplementation on the lipid profile of rats with NAFLD Methods In this experimental study, 25 male Wistar rats randomly divided into five groups: healthy control, NAFLD control, supplement, HIIT, and HIIT + supplement. To induce NAFLD, rats received a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. The HIIT was performed for eight weeks, five sessions per week. Plasma levels of High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), Triglyceride (TG) and Total Cholesterol (TC) were measured. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test were used to analyze the data. Results Plasma level of TG in the HIIT + supplement group were significantly lower than in the NAFLD control group (P=0.035). The TC level in the supplement (P=0.013) and HIIT +supplement (P=0.001) groups was significantly lower than in the NAFLD control group. The HDL level in the HIIT + supplement group was significantly higher compared to healthy control (P=0.021), NAFLD control (P=0.001), HIIT (P=0.006) and supplement (P=0.018) groups. The LDL level in the HIIT (P=0.01), supplement (P=0.001) and HIIT + supplement (P=0.001) groups was significantly lower than in the NAFLD control group. Conclusion It seems that HIIT combined with purslane supplementation can have better effect compared to HIIT and purslane supplementation alone; therefore, this method can be used as a complementary therapy in people with NAFLD.

Introduction: Neoplastic cell infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS) is a serious complication of hematologic neoplasms. Successful management of CNS involvement requires early detection and treatment, as well as reliable criteria to evaluate the patient's treatment response. This study aimed to evaluate the agreement between flow cytometry (FCM) and conventional cytology (CC) findings for the detection of CNS involvement in hematologic malignancies. Methods: A total of 120 patients were examined in this study, including 111 patients with a previous diagnosis of hematologic malignancies and nine patients with abnormal CNS manifestations. Demographic information, including age and sex, and data on diagnosis and previous bone marrow immunophenotyping were collected for analysis. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was divided into two halves; one was sent to the cytology laboratory, and the other was sent for the FCM analysis. Results: Out of 120 CSF samples evaluated in this study, the results of FCM and CC were concordant in 111 cases (79.4% agreement), including 96 FCM-/CC- and 15 FCM+/CC + cases (P

As a result of its brief lifespan, food packaging contributes significantly to environmental contamination through the rapid accumulation of plastic in the environment. In order to mitigate these impacts and provide a food packaging solution that is more environmentally sustainable, researchers have created biodegradable and biobased polymers, which are presently being introduced to the market. The current state of research regarding the incorporation of seaweed into food packaging and active packaging is summarized in this study. In order to emphasize the benefits of polysaccharides and draw attention to the constraints of current research, this study also presents a synopsis of the effects of seaweed incorporation on a range of properties, including chemical, physical, thermal, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and mechanical attributes, in addition to the release of active compounds. A multitude of polysaccharides, including those found in seaweed, have the potential to enhance the antibacterial, thermal, and mechanical properties of these polymers, among other attributes. In addition to increasing hydrophilicity and mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break, they suggest employing it as active packaging. This is feasible as a result of the antioxidant properties of seaweed, which inhibit lipid oxidation and decrease toxic, mutagenic, or carcinogenic free radicals, thereby extending the nutritional value and shelf life of food. Certain varieties of seaweed have exhibited the capacity to impede the proliferation of bacteria classified as gram-positive and gram-negative. Thus, their prospective application as antimicrobial packaging is indicated.

Inadequately treated or untreated wastewater contributes substantially to the discharge of undesirable and hazardous substances into aquatic environments. Serious concerns are raised when certain pollutants become persistent and bioaccumulative upon release into the environment. Despite the existence of alternative wastewater treatment technologies, adsorption has consistently demonstrated its efficacy in the treatment of wastewater originating from diverse industrial sources. Adsorption is selected as the optimal method due to its numerous benefits, which include greater efficacy, reduced cost, and convenient accessibility in comparison to alternative treatments. Biosorption using naturally occurring seaweeds can, however, remove contaminants from a variety of sources, including heavy metals, nitrogen, phosphorus, and phenolic compounds, and dyes from the paper, textile, and printing industries. Biosorption utilizing seaweed has surfaces as a feasible substitute for existing technologies in the effective elimination of these pollutants from effluent on account of its environmentally sustainable nature, readily available resources, and cost-effectiveness. An economical adsorbent known as seaweed is examined in this article in order to remove contaminants from effluent. In an extensive table, the application of seaweed in effluent treatment is detailed. The majority of studies, according to published research, have utilized simulated wastewater; biosorption using seaweed to remediate actual wastewater has received less attention.

Abstract Background The significance of total and specific subpopulations of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in cancer is now well-documented. In the present study, we investigated the relevance of CD3+, CD8 +, CD45RO +, and FOXP3 + TILs to the prognosis and survival of patients with bladder cancer and the disease's clinical-pathological parameters. Methods Infiltration of each subset was immunohistochemically evaluated in both stromal and intratumoral regions of tumor tissues from 85 patients with urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder, with known survival. Results Our results indicated that intratumoral CD45RO+ lymphocytes were significantly higher in high-grade tumors than in low-grade ones (P = 0.028). The frequencies of intratumoral CD3+ (P = 0.002), CD8 + (P = 0.008), intratumoral (P = 0.002), and stromal (P = 0.017) CD45RO+ lymphocytes were also higher in patients with muscular invasion than those without invasion. The frequencies of intratumoral CD3+ (P = 0.043), CD8+ (P = 0.003), CD45RO+ (P = 0.023), and total CD45RO+ (P = 0.015), showed variation in patients with different T-stage, as well; mostly increased in T2 versus Ta and T1. Comparing patients in different stages revealed an increase in the frequencies of total CD3+ (P = 0.011), intratumoral CD3+ (P = 0.006), total CD8+ (P = 0.012), intratumoral CD8+ (P = 0.009) and stromal CD8+ (P = 0.034), as well as total and stromal CD45RO+ lymphocytes (P = 0.01 and P = 0.034, respectively) in stage II comparing to stage I, while the frequencies of stromal CD3+ (P = 0.077) and CD8+ (P = 0.053) cells tended to be decreased in stage III compared to stage II. Conclusions We collectively observed that the frequency of immune cells, especially CD45RO+, CD3+, and CD8+ lymphocytes, were significantly higher in early-progressed tumors. This observation could be explained by continuous and prolonged stimulation of immune cells with tumor antigens during tumor progression or an increase in the recruiting factors, especially in the early stages, to eliminate tumor cells. However, with tumor progression to the late stages, the inhibitory microenvironment provided by tumor cells suppresses or changes the functionality of the effector and memory immune cells to help tumor growth. However, more functional studies with larger sample sizes are needed to reveal the real status of the immune system in patients with bladder cancer.

Media is one of the important pillars in democracy. In many conditions, the media is also considered to have an important role in encouraging the creation of good governance, one of which is encouraging massive efforts to prevent corruption and enforce the law. Various cases prove that with various media discourses and types of news in the community, it helps encourage various disclosures of corruption cases and encourages cleaner, transparent, and better governance. This study aims to analyze the prevention of corruption through good governance through media encouragement. This study also aims to describe and analyze the role of the media in encouraging various efforts to prevent corruption. The method in this study is a normative legal study where the research only examines various theories and legal norms as well as social theories in corruption and governance.

Sludge treatment and disposal processes in wastewater treatment plants account for a significant portion of the total treatment costs. One of the most expensive parts of sludge treatment is chemical conditioning. Study of the effect of process chain on the conditioning and dewaterability can effectively optimize and reduce operating costs and increase the quality of effluent sludge. This paper investigates the impact of aerobic digestion of waste sludge in Yazd wastewater treatment plant by SBR method on its dewaterability. For this purpose, the waste sludge sample of the plant was aerated in the laboratory at different residence times from 1.5 to 7 days. Then the dewaterability of the sludge was measured by two methods of Specific Resistance to Filtration (SRF) and Tests of Time of Filtration (TTF) in two cases with and without chemical conditioning with cationic polyacrylamide. The results showed that sludge aeration for up to 3 days without conditioning led to the best sludge dewaterability. The best results were obtained at 1.5 days aeration for the conditioning mode with polymer, which improved the dewaterability up to 4.5 times in the optimum polymer dosage. In this case, the polymer dosage decreased by 30% compared to the non-aerated conditioned sludge. It indicates the effect of digestion retention time on dewaterability. At the beginning of the process, the decomposition of cellular material improves the release of water from solid particles. Still, its continuation reduces the dewatering capability due to reduced particle size and conversion to colloidal materials.

The objective of the present study is to explain the inference of educationalconnotations of Imam Khomeini’s semiotic approach to the universe. Thesemiotic approach to the universe from the Islamic point of view is based on theassumption that all phenomena of the universe have an ultimate existential originand source that end in a divine source. This approach lends itself to thoughtfulresearch in Imam Khomeini’s viewpoint. In the present article, first, detailedexplanation of the principles of semiotic approach to the universe in ImamKhomeini’s viewpoint is explained, and, then their educational connotations areinferred. The method employed in the present study is descriptive-analytical. Thedescriptive-analytical method was used to answer the first question and practicalanalogy was used to answer the second question. The results showed thatImam Khomeini has a semiotic approach to the universe and some educationalconnotations can be inferred from it, which include the followings: Compatibilityof semiotic approach with human rationality, rational relationship of scienceswith semiotic approach, moral and axiological relationship between sciences andsemiotic approach, the requirements of correct scientific orientation, and, finallythe principle of confrontation and interaction of morality and reason and practice

In the present study, a new nonlinear weir called the T-shaped weir (TSW), which is a combination of the labyrinth weir (LW) and the piano key weir (PKW), was introduced, and its hydraulic performance was compared with the PKW. Based on the presence of the vertical walls at the inlet key, outlet key, or both keys, the TSW weirs were classified as type A, B, or C weirs, respectively. The flow pattern of different TSW cases was analyzed, and the discharge coefficient curves were provided. Furthermore, to accurately study the hydrodynamics of the tested weirs, 3D numerical simulations were performed using the FLOW-3D software. The results showed that inserting a vertical wall at the upstream of the outlet keys (C-TSW type) has a negligible effect on the hydraulic performance of the PKW. A maximum increase of 16% occurred in the discharge coefficient of the B-TSW in comparison to the PKW, and up to a head to height ratio (Ht/p) of 0.45, the effect of the vertical wall on increasing the performance of the B-TSW was maintained. Based on the experimental and numerical tests, the optimal height ratio of the vertical wall (Pd/P) in B-TSW with highest discharge capacity was determined to be equal to 0.4. HIGHLIGHTS A new nonlinear weir called the T-shaped weir (TSW), which is a combination of the labyrinth weir (LW) and the piano key weir (PKW), is introduced.; To investigate the hydrodynamics of the tested weirs in more detail, 3D numerical models are developed on the CFD-software FLOW-3D.; By testing different vertical wall sizes, the optimal size of the vertical wall is determined for B-TSW weir.;

One of the importantfactors in the emergence of a literary style is deviation and its frequency in a literary work, leading to its elegance and prominence. Employing new stylistic methods for analyzing literary texts could open new doors to a more accurate perception of such texts. Examining the kinds of deviation is one of the latest methods of stylistic examination of texts which explores the text through all of its linguistic, literary, and semantic layers. In this essay, the sonnets of Attar Neyshabouri have been examined and undergone a descriptive-statistical analysis on structural deviation according to Geoffrey Leech’s (1969) linguistic perspective.The statistical analysis of various aspects of phonetic and lexical deviation in the first 200 sonnets of Attar-E-Neyshabouri’s divan showed the high frequency of newly created Sufist compositions in Attar’s sonnets, which is one of the stylistic prominence of his sonnets. This high frequency shows that Attar was a poet devoted to mystic values and principles. The results also indicates that phonetic deviations, particularly methods such as “omission and reduction in the structure of words,” are used more than other phonetic elements in Attar’s poems due to the melodic necessity and metric limitations. Furthermore, Attar has expressed a significant portion of his desired mystic themes and experiences in newly created compositions with a Sufist approach. Compositions constructed by Attar’s Sufist mind and language and have never been used in any Sufist text, whether poem or prose, before him. Only 20 percent of these compositions have gone beyond Attar’s lyrics and become his legacy throughout the poetry of Sufist poets coming after him. The rest of these newly created compositions has remained irreplaceable in Attar’s poems.Methods such as “omission and reduction” have the most frequency compared to other phonetic methods. It should be noted that the “reduction” phonetic method is more conspicuous than “omission” in its lexical diversity.Another Attar’s stylistic features that has a high frequency in his sonnets (75 words and compositions) is lexical deviation as well as new and creative words and compositions. This, aligned with Attar’s sonnets, has led to prominence and defamiliarization in his poems and has expressed Attar’s Sufist thoughts in a softer and more literary way. Giving life to new compositions using his power of imagination and mystic worldview has placed Attar among the pioneers of creating mystic compositions and expressions. This could be divided into compound compositions, newly created derived words, and new Sufist compositions in his sonnets. New and invented Sufist compositions comprise 90 percent of the whole terms and compositions. The poet sometimes has attempted to create a word or composition which he used only once. More than 77 percent of the lexical deviation and newly created compositions in Attar’s sonnets belong to inventive words and compositions not found in any other poet’s works. These are among Attar’s innovations in Sufist compositions that no one after him did it again.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a respiratory bacterial pathogen that causes Tuberculosis. About one-quarter of the global population is infected, most of which are asymptomatic with a 5–15% risk of developing active disease across their lifespan. The progression of the disease has been enhanced by HIV coinfection and the emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains that are resistant to first-line anti-TB drugs, especially Rifampicin. Rifampicin resistance is brought about by mutation in the gene coding for beta-subunit of the enzyme RNA polymerase (rpoB) and is a surrogate marker for multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Herein, using the GeneXpert MTB/RIF molecular technique, we examined the incidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and evaluate rpoB gene mutation among Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates identified from presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) patients attending the directly observed treatment short-course (DOTS) clinic, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. A total of two thousand four hundred and fifty-one (2451) presumptive TB cases (PTB = 2279, EPTB = 172) were analyzed from January 2018 to July 2019. The incidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was 22.68% (Mean±S.E = 46.33 ± 15.41). The incidence of Rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis was 4.50% (Mean±S.E = 2.08 ± 1.02). The incidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV co-infection was 16.59%, while the incidence of Rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV co-infection was 4.23%. The peak incidence of M. tuberculosis infection was observed during the first quarter of each year and this variation was observed to be statistically significant (f = 9.34606; p

Background & Objective: Acral melanoma (AM) is a common type of cutaneous melanoma that occurs in the skin of the palms, soles, and nail beds. This malignancy, like other types of cancer, has different genetic alterations. To date, despite decades of research the roles of oncogenic BRAF mutations in the pathogenesis of AM has not been fully clarified. The present study was designed to identify V600E mutation in patients with AM from the south of Iran. Methods: The samples were collected from the pathology lab archive of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (2015-2020). A total of 41 patients with primary invasive AM underwent excisional biopsy or amputation were collected to evaluate BRAF V600E mutation using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing.Results: Total number of 41cases (21 male and 20 female) and age range of 34-87 years were enrolled. The histological subtypes were 24 acral lentiginous melanomas (ALM), 10 cases of nodular melanoma (NM), and 7 cases of superficial spreading melanoma (SSM). In our study, only one case (a 44-year-old male with nail bed AM and the histological subtype of acral lentigenous melanoma) showed BRAF-V600E mutation. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the population of our interest showed a very low prevalence of this mutation providing novel insights into the pathobiology of AM and its related treatment.

Background: Cutaneous pseudolymphoma can histologically and clinically simulate various types of cutaneous lymphoma. We conducted the current study to evaluate the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) aspects of cutaneous pseudolymphoma (PSL). Methods: 30 cases of cutaneous PSL were selected from the archives of 2013-2017 in Shahid Faghihi Hospital pathology lab, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Available clinical data, histopathological features and IHC findings were statistically analyzed. Results: The female: male ratio was 2:1 and the median age was 47±14.9 years. The lesions were located on the head and neck 26 (86.7%), trunk 2 (6.7%) and extremities 2 (6.7%). 23 (76.7%) cases had nodular pattern, while 7 (23.3%) showed diffuse pattern. The grenz zone was seen in 24 (80%) cases. Sixteen (53.3%) cases showed top heavy infiltration, 11 (36.7%) showed the same distribution of infiltration at the superficial and deep dermis, often involving the subcutaneous fat and 3(10%) showed bottom heavy infiltration. In IHC, 11(36.6%) cases showed the B cell type, 10 (33.3%) T cell type and 9 (30%) mixed type (B and T cells). Conclusion: None of the cases was suspicious for cutaneous lymphoma, applying IHC staining. Gender distribution, and the site of cutaneous lesions were similar to previous studies. The most common histological subtype was nodular, while the B-cell cutaneous pseudolymphoma was slightly more common compared to the T-cell type.

Background: Given the prognostic importance of cytogenetic aberrations in plasma cell neoplasms, the present retrospective study was conducted to analyze cytogenetic abnormalities in plasma cell myeloma cases in a single center in the Middle East. Method: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we selected 42 patients referred to the molecular and cytogenetic department from 2013 to 2016 for initial assessment by immunohistochemical, flow cytometric, and cytogenetic studies. Chromosomal analysis was performed after a 72-hour unsynchronized culture and Giemsa banding; the result was reported according to ISCN 2016. Results: 32.5% of the patients showed an abnormal karyotype, of whom 53.8% were hyperdiploid and the rest were assigned to the non-hyperdiploid group. The gain of 1q and monosomy 13/ deletion 13q were the most common structural abnormalities accounting for 38.4% and 30.7%, respectively. t(11;14) was the only detected 14q32 rearrangement observed in 15.4% of the cases. The mean survival time in normal, hyperdiploid, and non-hyperdiploid groups was 29.5±1.7, 16.6±2.9 and 6.1±2.1 months, respectively. Conclusion: Cytogenetic abnormalities of plasma cell myeloma in this center were relatively similar to previous reports in the literature; moreover, hyperdiploidy was the most common cytogenetic aberration. As no cryptic aberration could be identified, we recommend the use of more precise techniques such as FISH in addition to conventional G banding to detect cryptic aberrations. Survival of the non-hyperdiploid group was the worst.

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of JAK2, CALR and MPL mutations in with BCR-ABL myeloproliferative neoplasms and their association with demographic data and hematologic parameters in a referral center, in the Middle East. Methods: Seventy-one patients with BCR-ABL negative myeloproliferative neoplasms were evaluated for JAK2 V617F, CALR type 1, type 2, and MPL by allele-specific PCR and conventional PCR from 2018 to 2019. Results: Twenty three patients were categorized as polycythemia vera and demonstrated JAK2 V617F in 91.3 % of these cases. Thirty-eight patients were classified as essential thrombocythemia and showed JAK2 V617F in 52.6%, CALR type 1 in 18.4%, CALR type 2 in 7.9% and no mutation in 21.1%. Seven patients were recognized as primary myelofibrosis and exhibited JAK2 V617F mutation in 57.1%, CALR type 1 in 14.3 %, CALR type 2 in 14.3% and no mutation in 14.3%. Three patients were diagnosed as MPN, unclassifiable and revealed JAK2 V617F mutation in 33.3% and no mutation in 66.6%.The age (59.15±13.10) and neutrophil percent (70.78±10.14) were higher in patients with JAK2 mutation compared to other mutations (p=0.000, and p=0.03). Platelet count was significantly higher in patients with CALR type 1 mutation (1240400± 402053) (p=0.000). Conclusion: JAK2 V617F was was associated with patients’ higher age and higher neutrophil count in CBC. CALR mutation had an association with higher platelet count. No MPL mutation was found in this study and it seems that its frequency is lower than what is expected in this region.

Background & objectives: ABCA1 plays an important role in HDL biosynthesis and cellular cholesterol homeostasis and is effective in preventing the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. This study aimed to investigate the effect of combined and rehabilitation training on ABCA1 gene expression in blood lymphocytes and lipid profile in middle-aged men with coronary bypass graft. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 45 middle-aged men (mean age: 55.58±4.7 years) were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into three groups of combined training (15 people), rehabilitation (n=15), and control (n=15). The combined training group included resistance and aerobic exercises and rehabilitation training group included aerobic exercises for 8 weeks (3 sessions per week). Blood samples were taken from all subjects at weeks 0 and 8 to measure the expression levels of ABCA1, HDL, and LDL genes. Kruskal-Wallis, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey post hoc tests were used for statistical analysis using SPSS software, and significance level was p≤0.05 . Results: The results showed that eight weeks of combined training and rehabilitation training increased the expression level of the ABCA1 (p=0.001 and p=0.001, respectively) gene and plasma HDL (p=0.001 and p=0.012, respectively) level and decreased plasma LDL (p=0.001 and p=0.01, respectively) level. There was also a significant difference between the three groups in ABCA1 and HDL values in favor of the combined training group. Conclusion: It seems that combined training can be more effective than rehabilitation training to further increase ABCA1 gene expression and plasma HDL levels and decrease LDL level in middle-aged men with coronary bypass graft.

Background & Objective: Ovarian cancer is one of the most common cancers amongst women. The association of Human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with ovarian cancer is inconclusive; therefore, the aims of this study were to evaluate the frequency of HPV and EBV in malignant, borderline, benign and normal ovarian tissues. Methods: In this case-control study, 205 Paraffin-embedded ovarian tissue specimens including 68 malignant, 27 borderline, 65 benign, and 45 normal tissues were included from December 2014 to January 2018 and subjected to DNA extraction. The β-globin gene was amplified using PCR to confirm the quality of the extracted DNA. The genomes of HPV (genotypes 16 and 18) and EBV were identified, using specific primers by PCR. Results: The mean age of participants was 43.42 ± 15.4 years. The frequency of HPV was statistically significant between malignant versus benign (p =0.02) and control groups (p =0.002), but not with borderline tumor group (p =0.78). Amongst HPV infected samples, 1 (4.5%) and 14 (63.6%) samples were infected with types 16 and 18, respectively. Also 4 (18.2 %) samples were infected with both genotypes. Eleven samples including 7(10.3%) malignant, 1 (3.7%) borderline, 3 (4.6%) benign and none (0%) of normal control groups were infected with EBV, which was statistically different between malignant and the normal control group (p =0.03). Conclusion: The results of our study showed the possible role of high risk HPVs as well as EBV in pathogenesis of ovarian cancer, and further studies are recommended to confirm these findings.

Background: Synovial sarcoma is an aggressive soft tissue sarcoma. It has a wide spectrum of histopathologic patterns and uncertain immunohistochemistry, rendering it a diagnostic challenge. The objective of this study was to investigate the diagnostic utility and impact of SS18-SSX rearrangement evaluation in an Iranian population previously diagnosed with synovial sarcoma without such molecular tests. Method: We conducted this cross-sectional study on 44 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks obtained from 23 synovial sarcoma patients (males, 69%; mean age, 36.4 years) and 11 cases with other neoplasms as negative controls. We assessed these specimens for SSX-SS18 gene rearrangement by break-apart fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) probes. Results: FISH study showed SS18-SSX fusion gene in 17 (73.91%) cases while six (26.09%) cases and negative controls did not show SS18-SSX fusion. Histopathologic type of tumor was significantly related to the presence of rearrangement (P=0.002) (rearranged: 11 biphasic and six monophasic tumors; non-rearranged: three monophasic and three poorly-differentiated tumors). Conclusion: This study supports the idea that molecular studies contribute to the confirmation of synovial sarcoma diagnosis, particularly in monophasic and poorly-differentiated subtypes, which show vague immunohistochemical results.

Introduction: Primary Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma of CNS (PCNSL) is a rare variant of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) and presents with an aggressive clinical course and usually resistant to commonly used therapy regimens. Recently, role of immune checkpoint molecules including PD-1 and PD-L1 confirmed in some solid tumors and lymphoma resulting tumor cells escape the immune system and help to survive and to spread. Inhibitors of PD-1 and PD-L1 have shown lasting responses in several solid and some hematological tumors, while limited studies evaluate checkpoint molecules on PCNSL. Method: In this study, we investigated PD-1 and PD-L1 expression by immunostaining on 71 patients with PCNSL and correlation with demographic data, location of the tumor, proliferation rate, cell of origin, and CD8 positive T cell infiltration in tumor microenvironment. Results: 16 from71 showed PD-1 expression, while PD-L1 expression were 42/71. No association was determined between PD-1/PD-L1 expression and gender, cell of origin, and proliferation rate, but a highly significant difference was determined between the infiltration of CD8 positive T cells in two groups of PD-1/PD-L1 positive and negative. Conclusion: This study revealed expression of check point molecules in remarkable number of PCNSL which may open new therapeutic recommendations in this aggressive lymphoma type.

This article discusses empirical evidence of----imonetary -----ipolicy's impact----ion national----ieconomic growth----iin the decade 2010-2019. This article is analyzed using a regression analysis tool. This article concludes that 1) the interest rate (BI Rate) has----ian---iimpact rate----ion national----ieconomic---igrowth---iin----ithe decade 2010-2019 of only 7 percent. Impact-----iof US $----iexchange----irate---ion----ithe domestic----ieconomic----igrowth---iof only 90 percent 3) Impact of the amount of money in circulation on the national economic growth of only 76.8 percent, 4) Impact----iof----iinflation----irate----ion----ithe domestic economic growth of only 4.3 percent 5) impact of total investment in national economic growth is only 60.8 percent. Thus-----ithe----imain-----iobjective-----iof-----imonetary-----ipolicy is more emphasis-----ion-----iprice-----istability. With the first consideration, with output determined by long-term economic capacity, all systems that encourage economic growth will create inflation so that it will not affect real economic growth. Second, the rational financial agent understands that policymakers' actions in supporting the economic growth that helps increase can lead to time consistency problems. Third, monetary policy influencing economic variables takes a long time and has a lag. Fourth, price stability can encourage creating a better economic climate because it will reduce costs from inflation

Introduction Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. One of the approaches to prevent and treat various cancers is to use plant compounds. This study aimed to investigate the effect of S. setifera essential oil on the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line and comparing it with Doxorubicin as a known anti-cancer medicine. Materials and Methods Cells are treated by 0.01-0.025 µl/ml of essential oil at 24, 48, and 72 hours and cell viability and colony formation ability were quantified. Also, essential oil composition is analyzed by GC-Mass. Results The S. setifera essential oil decreased the viability and CFU of cells, significantly. EO IC50 was reported as 0.0206, 0.0175 and 0.0173 µl/ml over 24, 48 and 72 hours. In addition, the S. setifera essential oil GC-Mass analysis showed that most compounds are related to hydrocarbon alkanes and terpenoids. Conclusion Due to the S. setifera essential oil cytotoxicity efficacy of and the observation of compounds obtained from the GC-Mass test, Probably the essential oil cytotoxicity effects are related to hydrocarbon alkanes and terpenoids compounds.

Background: NK (natural killer) and NKT (natural killer T) cells, as components of innate immune system, play a crucial role in tumor progression and dissemination. Objective: To investigate the percentages of NK cells, NKT cells, iNKT (invariant natural killer T) cells, total T lymphocytes as well as activated T lymphocytes, in tumor draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) of patients with breast cancer (BC) and their association with different clinic-pathological features of the patients. Methods: Axillary lymph nodes were obtained from 30 Iranian women with breast cancer. After routine pathological evaluations, mononuclear cells were separated from their lymph nodes and incubated with appropriate fluorochrome conjugated monoclonal antibodies specific for CD3, HLA-DR, CD16/56, and Vα24Jα18-TCR. Data were collected on a four-color flow cytometer and analyzed by CellQuest software. Results: The mean percentages of NK (CD3-CD16/56+), NKT (CD3+CD16/56+) and iNKT (Vα24Jα18-TCR+) cells in TDLNs mononuclear cells of BC patients were 2.04%, 2.44% and 0.1%, respectively. A significant decrease in the percentages of NK and iNKT subsets in patients with grade I was observed compared to grade III (p=0.03 and p=0.01, respectively). Moreover, NK cells were increased in patients with grade III of BC compared to grade II (p= 0.003). Conclusion: The increase in the percentage of NK and iNKT cells in TDLNs of patients with higher grade of BC might suggest a suppressive phenotype for these cells in breast cancer, which merit more functional investigation.

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تصميم النمط التربوي علي ضوء الأسس والمباني الفلسفية المستقاة من كلام الإمام علي ()متبنية المنهج الوصفي-التحليلي وتعتبر سيرة الإمام() مظهر عملي لتربية وصياغة الانسان وترافقها الشعور والعواطف الإنسانية، إذ أدت إلي تمايز التربية العلوية وخلودها في ساحة التأريخ . فتوصل البحث في نهاية المطاف إلي نتائج عدة ومنها أن الطرق التربوية تكون في البداية هي معرفة الله ، معرفة الانسان، المعرفية، والقيم المعرفية . وطرائق علم الوجود للإمام علي() هو إلقاء نظرة النظام الأحسن والاعتبار. كما تشتمل طرائق علم الإنسان علي الأمور التالية: الاستدلال والتعليم، والتأسي بالأسوة، ومواجهة نتائج الأعمال، والتناسب في التكليف، والصدق والتجنب عن الإغواء، وطلب الخير والمحبة.

Abstract We reported a 65‐year‐old male with a benign mammary myofibroblastoma. This report shows that not all masses of male breast are malignant. To differentiate benign masses from malignant neoplasms, careful preoperative diagnosis should be performed. Preoperative diagnosis of the tumor prevents placing a huge financial and mental burdens on patients.

Maize is one of the food crop commodities that can take a role in the development of the agricultural sector. The purpose of this research was to know the effect of pyraclostrobin and nitrogen on the maize plant. The experimental design used in this study was a factorial completely randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was pyraclostrobin (P) that consisted of P0 = no pyraclostrobin application, and P1 = foliar spray of pryraclostrobin 400 mL/ha. The second factor was nitrogen application (N) that consisted of N0 = without N fertilizer, N30 = 30 kg N/ha, N60 = 60 kg N/ha, N90 = 90 kg N/ha, and N120 = 120 kg N/ha. The data was focused on the plant height, flowering and earing age, protein and amylose content of the seed, respectively. Data were analyzed by variance analysis followed by. analysis of the least significant difference (LSD) at the level of 5%. Nitrogen application increased protein content but reduced amylose content. Pyraclostrobin application that significantly increased the amylose content even in the high nitrogen application dosage

Background: The lack of a specific marker to differentiate malignant from reactiveT-cells makes a definite diagnosis difficult in patients suspected of having mycosisfungoides. This study has evaluated value of thymocyte selection-associated highmobility group box factor expression in the differentiation of early mycosis fungoidesfrom a benign inflammatory dermatosis.Methods:We selected 22 mycosis fungoides cases, 18 cases suspicious for mycosisfungoides, and 12 cases of eczematous dermatitis from patients who attendedDermatology Clinic, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (2008-2015). The obtainedskin biopsies were immunostained for thymocyte selection-associated high mobilitygroup box factor antigen in addition to pan T cell markers. The slides were evaluatedfor the percentage of tumor cells and intensity of immunoreactivity.Results: From 22 cases of mycosis fungoides, 40.9% showed massive infiltrationof thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box factor-positive lymphocytes(>30%) with high (3+) intensity in the epidermis; there was no case negative forthymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box factor expression. Only oneeczematous dermatitis case had expression of thymocyte selection-associated highmobility group box factor-positive lymphocytes (>30%) with high intensity and 4 caseswere negative for thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box factorexpression. The frequency of thymocyte selection-associated high mobility groupbox factor expressing lymphocytes was higher in biopsies from mycosis fungoidescompared to eczematous dermatitis (Pselection-associated high mobility group box factor-positive lymphocytes in the dermisand epidermis, which were significantly correlated (P=0.013).Conclusion: Thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box factor, as apositive marker, in combination with pan T cell markers (especially CD7-) can be usefulto detect mycosis fungoides malignant lymphoid cells.

Background: Despite years of war, veterans still face many physical and psychological problems that can seriously affect the quality of life of veterans. In the meantime, what is the role of spiritual intelligence and the severity of important variables in the lives of veterans. Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence and hardiness on the level of pain perception with the mediating role of death Anxiety and Positive Thinking. Method: The method of this study was correlation with structural equation method. From the statistical population of Kerman province, 280 people were randomly selected and evaluated using the available list. The instruments of the research were Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire (2008), kobasa (1992), Connor and Davidson (1998), McGill's Pain Perception (2004), Templar’s Death Anxiety Inventory (1998), and Sheer & Carver's Optimism (1985). For data analysis, the path analysis was used in the spss-19 and AMOS software. Results: The results of path analysis showed that after modification of the initial model, the final model had a good fit. In the final model, the ratio of chi-square to relative degrees of freedom or relative chi-square (2.24), goodness of fit index adjusted for 0.92, normalized fit index equal to 0.91 and root mean square error error equal to 05 It was 0. Bootstrap also showed that the mediating role of death anxiety and optimism was significant in the relationship between spiritual intelligence and hardiness with pain perception. Conclusions: spiritual intelligence and hardiness play an important role in decreasing pain perception among veterans by improving optimism and reducing death anxiety

This study aimed to present a theoretical model of educational justice for the formal and general education system based on the epistemological principles of Farabi justice. The research method is qualitative content analysis and deduction (practical analogy). That is, based on Franknachr('39')s deductive model, some principles have been derived from the combination of goals and preliminary foundations that can lead to the adoption of educational methods. The population of analysis was the books, commentaries and articles about Farabichr('39')s philosophy. These data were sampled purposively on the basis of research categories and were studied in depth. The purposively obtained data were continuously analyzed in parallel to data accumulation. The findings suggest that based on Farabichr('39')s epistemological foundations, justice is a natural thing in the pursuit of happiness, derived from wisdom, in favor of reason, and is a function of general interest. Knowledge sources include sense, reason, and intuition. Types of knowledge include innate knowledge, intuition, rational knowledge, and so on. The areas of truth are knowledge of justice, adulthood and merit. Therefore, in view of the above epistemological foundations, the theoretical model of educational justice can be derived in terms of goals, principles and methods of education. Some of the ultimate and intermediate goals of this pattern are to reach the community of justice, general prosperity, virtue, and measuring people in terms of justice, rather than vice versa. Some of the principles of this pattern are: Attention to individual talents and competencies, balance of powers and avoiding extremes, rationality, informing, affection, and lack of personal and subjective look to justice. Some of the methods of this model are: method of equal distribution of facilities and resources, method of fostering talents, method of fair establishment of foundations, method of fair sympathy, and method of legitimacy in the implementation of justice. All the goals and inferred principles and methods take into account the challenges that exist in the formal education system.

Abstract Objective The most common cancer amongst women is breast cancer. Reports on the role of EBV, BKV, and JCV in the development of breast cancer are controversial. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of EBV, BKV, and JCV in malignant breast tumors in comparison with benign ones. Results A total of 300 breast biopsy tissues were included, of which 150 were malignant and 150 benign. After deparaffinization, tissues were subjected to DNA extraction. β-globin gene was amplified by PCR to evaluate the quality of extracted DNA. In house PCRs assay was performed to detect EBV, JCV, and BKV genome fragment. The mean age of malignant and benign groups was 45.0 ± 9.4 and 35.2 ± 12.1 years old. Out of 150 malignant samples, 146 were ductal, two lobular and two samples both invasive ductal and lobular carcinoma. In the benign group, 96, 52 and two samples were fibroadenoma, fibrocystic, and adenosis types, respectively. Genomic DNA fragment of EBV, BKV, and JCV was not found in any of the malignant and benign breast tissues. Conclusion According to our finding, there is the possibility that EBV, BKV, and JCV are not involved in breast cancer pathogenesis.

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare hematodermic myeloid malignancy that is known to be derived from plasmacytoid dendritic cells which are characterized by expression of CD4, CD56, and more specific markers such as CD123. Here, the authors present three cases of BPDCN diagnosed in the past two years and address different available diagnostic modalities such as morphology, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and cytogenetics. Overall, we believe that although BPDCN is a rare diagnosis, it should not be left unchecked. Currently, available immunophenotyping markers are of great help, but the main clue to figure out the problem of BPDCN is clinicopathologic suspicion.

Among cancer treatment methods, targeted therapy using cancer-associated biomarkers has minimum side effects. Recently olfactory receptor (OR) family attracts the researcher's attention as a favorable biomarker of cancer. Here, a statistical approach using complete data from the human protein atlas database was used to evaluate the potential of OR51J1 gene as a cancer-associated biomarker. To confirm the findings of statistical analysis, the OR51J1 mRNA and protein expression levels in breast tumor and normal tissue were measured using quantitative Real Time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques. The association with clinicopathological factors was analyzed. Statistical analysis revealed that OR51J1 has a high expression level in more than 20 types of cancer tissues without any expression in 44 normal tissues. In 15 cancer types, including breast cancer, expression score was more than 90%. The qRT-PCR analysis in breast cancer showed OR51J1 have significantly higher expression level in tumors than normal tissues (2.91 fold). The IHC results showed OR51J1 expression on other cellular subtypes than tumor and normal cells, including myoepithelium, fibroblast, and lymphocytes. OR51J1 protein expression in invasive cells, as well as its overall score, showed a significant correlation with ER and PR expression and breast cancer (BC) subtypes. Results revealed the potential of OR51J1 as a cancer-associated biomarker for the diagnosis of breast cancer at the mRNA level.