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6. Neuroprotective Effect of Intravitreal Single-Dose Lithium Chloride after Optic Nerve Injury in Rats.

Author

Ala, Moein, Mohammad Jafari, Razieh, Nematian, Hossein, Ganjedanesh, Mohammad Reza, Naderi, Asieh, Akbariani, Mostafa, Sanatkar, Mehdi, Satarian, Leila, Aghsaei Fard, Masoud, and Dehpour, Ahmad Reza

Subjects
OPTIC nerve injuries, LITHIUM chloride, NEUROPROTECTIVE agents, RETINAL ganglion cells, VISUAL evoked potentials
Abstract

Lithium is an old drug to control bipolar disorder. Moreover, it presents neuroprotective effects and supports neuronal plasticity. The aim of this study was to evaluate neuroprotective effect of intravitreal lithium after optic nerve injury. Three dosages of lithium chloride, including 2 pmol, 200 pmol, and 2 nmol, were injected intravitreally after rat optic nerve injury. Proteins expression were assessed by western blot. Nitric oxide (NO) metabolites were measured by Griess test. Visual evoked potential (VEP) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurement were performed after trauma induction, in addition to H & E and TUJ1 staining of ganglion cells. Western blot depicted lithium can significantly increase antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein level and reduce p-ERK, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and proapoptotic proteins such as Bax level in retinal tissue and Griess test reflected that NO metabolites level decreased in lithium treated eyes (P <.05). While, OCT showed no significant changes (P =.36 and P =.43 comparing treated group with trauma) in retinal ganglion cell layer thickness after lithium injection, VEP P2 wave amplitude increased significantly (P <.01) in lithium-treated eyes and its latency reduced (P <.05 for N1 wave and P <.01 for P2 wave). Tuj1 antibody-labeled retinal ganglion cells analyzing showed that the number of retinal ganglion cells were significantly higher in lithium treated eyes compared to untreated eyes with optic nerve injury. It seems intravitreally lithium has optic nerve neuroprotective effects by various mechanisms like overexpression of antiapoptotic proteins, suppressing proinflammatory molecules and proapoptotic factors, and decreasing nitric oxide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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7. Targeting non-apoptotic cell death in cancer treatment by nanomaterials: Recent advances and future outlook

Author

Mohammad Raoufi, Mostafa Akbariani, Mohammad Reza Sepand, Mareike Müller, Mohammad Hossein Ghahremani, Sheyda Ranjbar, Ivan M. Kempson, Willis Collins Akeyo Muganda, Sepand, Mohammad Reza, Ranjbar, Sheyda, Kempson, Ivan M, Akbariani, Mostafa, Muganda, Willis Collins Akeyo, Muller, Mareike, Ghahremani, Mohammad Hossein, and Raoufi, Mohammad

Subjects
autophagy, Programmed cell death, Necroptosis, medicine.medical_treatment, Biomedical Engineering, necroptosis, Pharmaceutical Science, Medicine (miscellaneous), Apoptosis, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, 03 medical and health sciences, Neoplasms, Autophagy, medicine, Ferroptosis, Humans, cancer, General Materials Science, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Cell Death, business.industry, nanoparticle, Cancer, Immunotherapy, Photothermal therapy, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, medicine.disease, ferroptosis, Nanostructures, cell death, Cancer cell, Drug delivery, Cancer research, Molecular Medicine, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

Many tumors develop resistance to most of the apoptosis-based cancer therapies. In this sense targeting non-apoptotic forms of cell death including necroptosis, autophagy and ferroptosis may have therapeutic benefits in apoptosis-defective cancer cells. Nanomaterials have shown great advantages in cancer treatment owing to their unique characteristics. Besides, the capability of nanomaterials to induce different forms of cell death has gained widespread attention in cancer treatment. Reports in this field reflect the therapeutic potential of necroptotic cell death induced by nanomaterials in cancer. Also, autophagic cell death induced by nanomaterials alone and as a part of chemo-, radio- and photothermal therapy holds great promise as anticancer therapeutic option. Besides, ferroptosis induction by iron-based nanomaterials in drug delivery, immunotherapy, hyperthermia and imaging systems shows promising results in malignancies. Hence, this review is devoted to the latest efforts and the challenges in this field of research and its clinical merits. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Published
2020

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