Search

Increasing the efficiency of a thermal system is important in a wide variety of technological contexts, such as vehicle cooling systems, power production, microelectronics, heat exchangers, and air conditioning. The current study examines a boundary layer two‐dimensional inclined magnetohydrodynamic flow of a ternary hybrid nanofluid across a stretching sheet that includes MgO,TiO2,andCoFe2O4${\mathrm{MgO}}, {\mathrm{TiO}}_{\mathrm{2}}, {\mathrm{and}}\ {\mathrm{CoFe}}_{\mathrm{2}}{{\mathrm{O}}}_{\mathrm{4}}$ nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are combined with water as the base fluid to form a ternary hybrid nanofluid. The present work aims to analyze the impact of several slip conditions utilizing Arrhenius' activation energy along with the binary chemical reaction on the flow profiles. To characterize the model, a system of partial differential equations (PDEs) is utilized. With the assistance of similarity transformations, the given PDEs of the form are converted into ordinary differential equations. The leading equations are subjected to boundary layer theory, and then the system is numerically tackled with the help of the built‐in numerical approach bvp4c. Results obtained from this numerical solution are presented in graphs and tables which are discussed briefly. The results indicate that there is a downward trend in the velocity profile if the enhancement occurs in both the velocity slip and the magnetic component. A lower temperature is achieved through the use of the temperature slip parameters. In addition, it turned out that a rise in the Eckert number caused an upswing in the surface temperature of a sheet. The activation energy escalates the concentration profile, while the Schmidt number and chemical reaction rate both are falls. The Sherwood number improved when the values of Brownian motion and thermophoresis factors enlarged while the local Nusselt number became lower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Edwardsiella ictaluri is a Gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacterium that causes enteric septicemia in catfish (ESC). The RNA chaperone Hfq (host factor for phage Qb replication) facilitates gene regulation via small RNAs (sRNAs) in various pathogenic bacteria. Despite its significance in other bacterial species, the role of hfq in E. ictaluri remains unexplored. This study aimed to elucidate the role of hfq in E. ictaluri by creating an hfq mutant (EiDhfq) through in-frame gene deletion and characterization. Our findings revealed that the Hfq protein is highly conserved within the genus Edwardsiella. The deletion of hfq resulted in a significantly reduced growth rate during the late exponential phase. Additionally, EiDhfq displayed a diminished capacity for biofilm formation and exhibited increased motility. Under acidic and oxidative stress conditions, EiDhfq demonstrated impaired growth, and we observed elevated hfq expression when subjected to in vitro and in vivo stress conditions. EiDhfq exhibited reduced survival within catfish peritoneal macrophages, although it had no discernible effect on the adherence and invasion of epithelial cells. The infection model revealed that hfq is needed for bacterial persistence in catfish, and its absence caused significant virulence attenuation in catfish. Finally, the EiDhfq vaccination completely protected catfish against subsequent EiWT infection. In summary, these results underscore the pivotal role of hfq in E. ictaluri, affecting its growth, motility, biofilm formation, stress response, and virulence in macrophages and within catfish host. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an emergency, fear can spread among crowds through one-on-one encounters, with negative societal consequences. The purpose of this research is to create a novel theoretical model of fear (panic) spread in the context of epidemiology during an emergency using the fractal fractional operator. For quantitative analysis, the system's boundedness and positivity are checked. According to the Arzela Ascoli theorem, the model is completely continuous. As a result of the discovery of Schauder's fixed point, it has at least one solution. The existence and uniqueness of the concerned solution have been examined using the fixed point theory technique. Numerical simulations are used to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed techniques using a generalized form of Mittag-Leffler kernel with a fractal fractional operator. Finally, simulations are utilized to represent the spread of group emotional contagion (spontaneous spread of emotions and related behaviors) dynamically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we extract variety of new exact traveling wave solutions of space–time fractional nonlinear Telegraph equation for transmission lines by using improved generalized Riccati equation mapping (IGREM) method. The aforementioned equation has been solved for the first time using conformable fractional derivative. The nonlinear Telegraph equation plays crucial role in the mathematical study of voltage and current on an electrical transmission line. In an effort to motivate the researchers, we have used very efficacious technique called IGREM method to find a variety of soliton solutions, in which appropriate conformable fractional wave transformation converts nonlinear partial fractional differential equation into nonlinear ordinary equation which is then solved to find the exact solutions of equation. Hence, we succeed in constructing rich solutions that include periodic wave, singular periodic wave solutions, dark, combined dark–bright and rational solutions. To investigate wave profiles of various solutions, 2D and 3D graphs have been explained. The originality of this work has been proved by comparing the obtained results with previously present results in literature. This method has substantial advantage over other methods that it can be used to solve higher order nonlinear PDEs, and this method allows to solve these equations more conveniently with the aid of mathematical software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, two well-known analytic approaches for solving diffusion equations are implemented. We propose a modified version of the homotopy perturbation method and Adomian decomposition methods utilizing the ZZ transform. In this sense, the fractional derivative of the Atangana–Baleanu derivative is provided. In addition, concrete examples are as well provided to demonstrate the precision of the proposed methodologies. The proposed solution is observed to have the desired rate of convergence towards the exact answer. The key advantage of the proposed method is the small amount of calculations. To demonstrate the validity of the suggested methods, we give graphical representation of analytical and exact solutions that are in close contact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]