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3-(2-naphthoyl)-1,1-dibutylselenourea was prepared and Sol-gel silica was doped with it. The selenourea organic derivative was characterised in solid state by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and doped sol-gel materials were characterised by FT-IR and SEM. The doping results were verified from their characteristic prominent bands v(cm−1) = 1753 and 1199 predominantly assigned to C = O and C = Se, respectively. The processed sol-gel was used as adsorbent to investigate its efficiency for removal of M(II) ions from aqueous solution using batch techniques (M = Pb and Zn). The porosity study reveals that the doped sol-gel contains pores which are responsible for the adsorption of metal ions, besides pores present in the material, the ligand possesses active sites (-NH, = O, = Se) readily available for coordination with metal ions, and the material thus acts as efficient chelating agent. Adsorption kinetics, isotherm, effect of equilibration time, initial concentration of adsorbate, and pH on the metal extraction were studied and conditions were optimised. Metal remediation capacity of the hybrid material i.e. sol-gel is pH dependent, and maximum removal was obtained at pH 5 (Pb) and pH 6 (Zn) with in 35 and 15 minutes, respectively. The prepared adsorbent shows rapid equilibrium and enough stability at elevated temperature in the given medium. Desorption of metal ions was carried out in 0.1 M HNO3 solution, and thereafter, sol-gel silica adsorbent was successfully regenerated and reused. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language change, shift and death are dynamic processes which happen under several sociohistorical, demographic, geographic and linguistic metamorphoses in the world. The economic romance with China Pakistan Economic Corridor is considered to be a "game and fate changer" for the regions especially South Asia, South East Asia, Middle East and even Africa. Whether this economic consecration would also result into changes in social dynamics or consequences in the forms of linguistic apocalypse, socio-cultural cataclysm and evolution in the literary produce would become a serious cause of "game and fate changer" for linguistic ecology of the regions. Perhaps, the history has not observed and witnessed pidginization, creolization and hybridization of languages at such a large scale that CPEC is going to leave nothing more than a byproduct. Here we hypothesize that this by product would change the linguistic ecology of Pakistan altogether which poses serious challenges for language maintenance in different domains of its function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expressions of emotions and their experiential valuation depend on human explanations. Besides, locating emotions in the tales, the source of emotional flow and thetransformation of the one under observation, are equally important. For this purpose, the present study used the theoretical framework of becoming by Deleuze and Guattari to analyze becoming emotions among the selected characters from Colfer's fairy tale, The Land of Stories: The Enchantress Returns (2013). The thematic analysis propounded that emotions are not an abstract and intangible entity. Thus at non substantial thought or molecular level, the process of becoming connects emotions as a substantial entity with the individual. The affects of becoming is reflected in one's speech and actions. However, the affects of prolong deterritorialization can lead into disastrous effects. Therefore, after experiencing becoming emotions, one is always allowed to reterritorialize into molar substantial forms from molecularity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: HCV infection is more common among adults with type 2 diabetes and possibly it can affect the glycemic control in patients with diabetes. This study was conducted to find whether eradication of CHC infection with direct acting antiviral (DAA) agents is associated with good glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes or otherwise. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Among 545 patients with diabetes who were treated with DAA (Interferon & Ribavirin free regimen) for chronic HCV infection, were included in the study. Changes in average (HbA1c) levels and use of ant diabetic medication 6 months before and after DAA treatment were compared between patients who achieved sustained virologic response (SVR) and those who did not achieve SVR. RESULTS: In patients with high base line HbA1c, the drop in HbA1c in reference to DAA treatment was greater in those who achieved SVR (1.99%) in comparison to those who did not (1.70%) (Adjusted mean difference 0.29, p=0.02). The doses of anti diabetic agents decreased more in subjects who achieved SVR in comparison to those who met treatment failure. This was evident for those who were using Insulin for control of their diabetes, which dropped significantly from 46.4% to 41.3% in patients achieving SVR compared with a slight increase from 48.7% to 50.2% in those who were in treatment failure group. CONCLUSION: It is hereby concluded that improved glycemic control is associated with eradication of HCV with DAA based regimens evidenced by decrease in mean HbA1c and decreased insulin as well as oral anti diabetic agents use in SVR achievers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discourse is language in use, or language used for communicative purposes. It relates to social structures, practices, and social change. In Critical Discourse Analyses (CDA), the link between discourse and society/context is mediated. There is a dialectical relationship between discourse and ideology. Ideology is a system of ideas especially social, political or religious views shared by a social group or movement. This study is qualitative in nature, rooted in critical discourse analysis, especially, Fairclough's three-dimensional model- 'Description' (lexical, graphological, grammatical, and phonological level) and 'Interpretation' of Blake's "Ah Sun-flower!" which lead towards 'Explanation' that explores the relation of this poem with social structures of authority and unequal power relations of Blake contemporary society. The authoritative, repressive and patriarchal ideology of the 18th century has been explored from this poem. The concept of the Golden Age of this poem is linked with CDA's dream of problem-free society; 'Youth' and 'Virgin' have been analyzed in the context of the institution of the love of 18th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper rests on the assumption that Islam, in essence, is a socio-political and economic movement that strives to establish a society based on the principles of justice, peace and economic prosperity. It reveals how, in the early Islamic phase, this movement, true to its spirit emancipated and enabled not only men, but women also. It empowered women, lifted them out of ignorance and gave them education and through them spread it. Not only that, but Islam accepted their right to earn and facilitated them to play an active role in society. Thus, the paper looks at scholarly and economic empowerment of women in early Islamic era. The paper cites the most authentic sources from the Islamic tradition of scholarship to establish its case and implies that any effort to show that Islam does not believe in emancipation and empowerment of women can be easily rebutted by harking back to the initial Islamic era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nobody can deny the primacy of objectives because they play a pivotal role in the success of a language course. The nexus and affinity between objectives and language course can produce optimum learning. Achievable and suitable objectives according to the need and level of learners benefit the learners and make the course a success. Keeping in view the language learning needs and level of learners, the researchers probed the concordance between the objectives spelt out by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan and the compulsory B.A. English language course of University of the Punjab. One questionnaire and a composite checklist were used for data collection. Objective and Subjective data was analyzed and interpreted to get the results by following the Evaluation research model of Charles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study was to explore the impact of syllabus on English language teaching methodology in SAARC countries. The researchers adopted mix method research approach for data collection. The sample of the study was 1040 students and 340 teachers of English, selected randomly. Instruments of the research were questionnaires, interviews and group discussions. The findings indicated that the present syllabi did not conform to the requirements of the effective methodology for teaching English. In the light of the findings, suggestions were given for process oriented and task based syllabus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]