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1. Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author: Brauer, M, Roth, GA, Aravkin, AY, Zheng, P, Abate, KH, Abate, YH, Abbafati, C, Abbasgholizadeh, R, Abbasi, MA, Abbasian, M, Abbasifard, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abd ElHafeez, S, Abd-Elsalam, S, Abdi, P, Abdollahi, M, Abdoun, M, Abdulah, DM, Abdullahi, A, Abebe, M, Abedi, A, Abegaz, TM, Zuñiga, RAA, Abiodun, O, Abiso, TL, Aboagye, RG ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-2909, Abolhassani, H, Abouzid, M, Aboye, GB, Abreu, LG, Abualruz, H, Abubakar, B, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abukhadijah, HJJ, Aburuz, S, Abu-Zaid, A, Adane, MM, Addo, IY, Addolorato, G, Adedoyin, RA, Adekanmbi, V, Aden, B, Adetunji, JB, Adeyeoluwa, TE, Adha, R, Adibi, A, Adnani, QES, Adzigbli, LA, Afolabi, AA, Afolabi, RF, Afshin, A, Afyouni, S, Afzal, MS, Afzal, S, Agampodi, SB, Agbozo, F, Aghamiri, S, Agodi, A, Agrawal, A, Agyemang-Duah, W, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, A, Ahmad, D, Ahmad, F, Ahmad, N, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmed, A, Ahmed, LA, Ahmed, MB, Ahmed, S, Ahmed, SA, Ajami, M, Akalu, GT, Akara, EM, Akbarialiabad, H ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2018-6378, Akhlaghi, S, Akinosoglou, K, Akinyemiju, T, Akkaif, MA, Akkala, S, Akombi-Inyang, B, Al Awaidy, S, Al Hasan, SM, Alahdab, F, AL-Ahdal, TMA, Alalalmeh, SO, Alalwan, TA, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Albakri, A, AlBataineh, MT, Aldhaleei, WA, Aldridge, RW, Maulik, Pallab Kumar ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6835-6175, Godinho, Myron ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-2506, Biswas, Raaj Kishore ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-6323, Sachdev, Perminder ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9595-3220, Mitchell, Philip ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7954-5235, Dai-Keller, Zhaoli ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0809-5692, Huda, Md Nazmul ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7048-1266, Boufous, Soufiane ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5686-1729, Xu, Luna ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4787-6547, Peprah, Prince ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3816-2713, Degenhardt, Louisa ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8513-2218, Schutte, Alta ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9217-4937, Pesudovs, Konrad ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6322-9369, Okeke, Sylvester ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9211-1813, Si, Yafei ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9334-8230, Brauer, M, Roth, GA, Aravkin, AY, Zheng, P, Abate, KH, Abate, YH, Abbafati, C, Abbasgholizadeh, R, Abbasi, MA, Abbasian, M, Abbasifard, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abd ElHafeez, S, Abd-Elsalam, S, Abdi, P, Abdollahi, M, Abdoun, M, Abdulah, DM, Abdullahi, A, Abebe, M, Abedi, A, Abegaz, TM, Zuñiga, RAA, Abiodun, O, Abiso, TL, Aboagye, RG ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-2909, Abolhassani, H, Abouzid, M, Aboye, GB, Abreu, LG, Abualruz, H, Abubakar, B, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abukhadijah, HJJ, Aburuz, S, Abu-Zaid, A, Adane, MM, Addo, IY, Addolorato, G, Adedoyin, RA, Adekanmbi, V, Aden, B, Adetunji, JB, Adeyeoluwa, TE, Adha, R, Adibi, A, Adnani, QES, Adzigbli, LA, Afolabi, AA, Afolabi, RF, Afshin, A, Afyouni, S, Afzal, MS, Afzal, S, Agampodi, SB, Agbozo, F, Aghamiri, S, Agodi, A, Agrawal, A, Agyemang-Duah, W, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, A, Ahmad, D, Ahmad, F, Ahmad, N, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmed, A, Ahmed, LA, Ahmed, MB, Ahmed, S, Ahmed, SA, Ajami, M, Akalu, GT, Akara, EM, Akbarialiabad, H ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2018-6378, Akhlaghi, S, Akinosoglou, K, Akinyemiju, T, Akkaif, MA, Akkala, S, Akombi-Inyang, B, Al Awaidy, S, Al Hasan, SM, Alahdab, F, AL-Ahdal, TMA, Alalalmeh, SO, Alalwan, TA, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Albakri, A, AlBataineh, MT, Aldhaleei, WA, Aldridge, RW, Maulik, Pallab Kumar ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6835-6175, Godinho, Myron ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-2506, Biswas, Raaj Kishore ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-6323, Sachdev, Perminder ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9595-3220, Mitchell, Philip ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7954-5235, Dai-Keller, Zhaoli ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0809-5692, Huda, Md Nazmul ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7048-1266, Boufous, Soufiane ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5686-1729, Xu, Luna ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4787-6547, Peprah, Prince ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3816-2713, Degenhardt, Louisa ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8513-2218, Schutte, Alta ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9217-4937, Pesudovs, Konrad ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6322-9369, Okeke, Sylvester ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9211-1813, and Si, Yafei ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9334-8230
Abstract: Background: Understanding the health consequences associated with exposure to risk factors is necessary to inform public health policy and practice. To systematically quantify the contributions of risk factor exposures to specific health outcomes, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 aims to provide comprehensive estimates of exposure levels, relative health risks, and attributable burden of disease for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, from 1990 to 2021. Methods: The GBD 2021 risk factor analysis used data from 54 561 total distinct sources to produce epidemiological estimates for 88 risk factors and their associated health outcomes for a total of 631 risk–outcome pairs. Pairs were included on the basis of data-driven determination of a risk–outcome association. Age-sex-location-year-specific estimates were generated at global, regional, and national levels. Our approach followed the comparative risk assessment framework predicated on a causal web of hierarchically organised, potentially combinative, modifiable risks. Relative risks (RRs) of a given outcome occurring as a function of risk factor exposure were estimated separately for each risk–outcome pair, and summary exposure values (SEVs), representing risk-weighted exposure prevalence, and theoretical minimum risk exposure levels (TMRELs) were estimated for each risk factor. These estimates were used to calculate the population attributable fraction (PAF; ie, the proportional change in health risk that would occur if exposure to a risk factor were reduced to the TMREL). The product of PAFs and disease burden associated with a given outcome, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), yielded measures of attributable burden (ie, the proportion of total disease burden attributable to a particular risk factor or combination of risk factors). Adjustments for mediation were applied to account for relationships involving risk
Published: 2024

2. Global, regional, and national mortality among young people aged 10–24 years, 1950–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Collaborators, GAM, Ward, JL, Azzopardi, PS, Francis, KL, Santelli, JS, Skirbekk, V, Sawyer, SM, Kassebaum, NJ, Mokdad, AH, Hay, SI, Abd-Allah, F, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abedi, A, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, LG, Abrigo, MRM, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abushouk, AI, Adebayo, OM, Adekanmbi, V, Adham, D, Advani, SM, Afshari, K, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, AE, Aji, B, Akombi-Inyang, B, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Alcalde-Rabanal, JE, Alemu, BW, Al-Hajj, S, Alhassan, RK, Ali, S, Alicandro, G, Alijanzadeh, M, Aljunid, SM, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almasri, NA, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Alonso, J, Al-Raddadi, RM, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, S, Aminorroaya, A, Amit, AML, Amugsi, DA, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrei, CL, Androudi, S, Ansari, F, Ansari, I, Antonio, CAT, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Appiah, SCY, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Ärnlöv, J, Asaad, M, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asadi-Pooya, AA, Atout, MMW, Ausloos, M, Avenyo, EK, Avila-Burgos, L, Quintanilla, BPA, Ayano, G, Aynalem, YA, Azari, S, Azene, ZN, Bakhshaei, MH, Bakkannavar, SM, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Barboza, MA, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, TW, Basu, S, Baune, BT, Bayati, M, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Bekuma, TT, Bell, AW, Bell, ML, Benjet, C, Bensenor, IM, Berhe, AK, Berhe, K, Berman, AE, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhattarai, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Biondi, A, Birhanu, TTM, Biswas, RK, Bohlouli, S, Bolla, SR, Boloor, A, Borschmann, R, Boufous, S, Bragazzi, NL, Braithwaite, D, Breitborde, NJK, Brenner, H, Britton, GB, Burns, RA, Nagaraja, SB, Butt, ZA, dos Santos, FLC, Cámera, LA, Campos-Nonato, IR, Rincon, JCC, Cárdenas, R, Carreras, G, Carrero, JJ, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Castelpietra, G, Catalá-López, F, Cerin, E, Chandan, JS, Chang, H-Y, Chang, J-C, Charan, J, Chattu, VK, Chaturvedi, S, Choi, J-YJ, Chowdhury, MAK, Christopher, DJ, Chu, D-T, Chung, MT, Chung, S-C, Cicuttini, FM, Constantin, TV, Costa, VM, Dahlawi, SMA, Dai, H, Dai, X, Damiani, G, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Darwesh, AM, Dávila-Cervantes, CA, Davletov, K, De la Hoz, FP, De Leo, D, Dervenis, N, Desai, R, Desalew, A, Deuba, K, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhungana, GP, Dianatinasab, M, da Silva, DD, Diaz, D, Didarloo, A, Djalalinia, S, Dorostkar, F, Doshi, CP, Doshmangir, L, Doyle, KE, Duraes, AR, Kalan, ME, Ebtehaj, S, Edvardsson, D, Tantawi, ME, Elgendy, IY, El-Jaafary, SI, Elsharkawy, A, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilnejad, S, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Esteghamati, S, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fattahi, N, Feigin, VL, Ferede, TY, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fisher, JL, Foigt, NA, Folayan, MO, Fomenkov, AA, Foroutan, M, Fukumoto, T, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, AM, Gallus, S, Gebre, T, Gebremedhin, KB, Gebremeskel, GG, Gebremeskel, L, Gebreslassie, AA, Gesesew, HA, Ghadiri, K, Ghafourifard, M, Ghamari, F, Ghashghaee, A, Gilani, SA, Gnedovskaya, EV, Godinho, MA, Golechha, M, Goli, S, Gona, PN, Gopalani, SV, Gorini, G, Grivna, M, Gubari, MIM, Gugnani, HC, Guimarães, RA, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Haagsma, JA, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haile, TG, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hall, BJ, Hamadeh, RR, Abdullah, KH, Hamidi, S, Handiso, DW, Hanif, A, Hankey, GJ, Haririan, H, Haro, JM, Hasaballah, AI, Hashi, A, Hassan, A, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hayat, K, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Herteliu, C, Heydarpour, F, Ho, HC, Hole, MK, Holla, R, Hoogar, P, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Hsairi, M, Huda, TM, Humayun, A, Hussain, R, Hwang, B-F, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, SE, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Inbaraj, LR, Intarut, N, Iqbal, U, Irvani, SSN, Islam, MM, Islam, MS, Iso, H, Ivers, RQ, Jahani, MA, Jakovljevic, M, Jalali, A, Janodia, MD, Javaheri, T, Jeemon, P, Jenabi, E, Jha, RP, Jha, V, Ji, JS, Jonas, JB, Jones, KM, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, JJ, Juliusson, PB, Jürisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalankesh, LR, Kalhor, R, Kamyari, N, Kanchan, T, Karch, A, Karimi, SE, Kaur, S, Kayode, GA, Keiyoro, PN, Khalid, N, Khammarnia, M, Khan, M, Khan, N, Khatab, K, Khater, MM, Khatib, MN, Khayamzadeh, M, Khazaie, H, Khoja, AT, Kieling, C, Kim, Y-E, Kim, YJ, Kimokoti, RW, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kivimäki, M, Koolivand, A, Kosen, S, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kugbey, N, Kumar, GA, Kumar, M, Kumar, N, Kurmi, OP, Kusuma, D, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lal, DK, Lalloo, R, Lan, Q, Landires, I, Van Charles Lansingh, Larsson, AO, Lasrado, S, Lassi, ZS, Lauriola, P, Lee, PH, Lee, SWH, Leigh, J, Leonardi, M, Leung, J, Levi, M, Lewycka, S, Li, B, Li, M-C, Li, S, Lim, L-L, Lim, SS, Liu, X, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, PA, Lunevicius, R, Maddison, R, Mahasha, PW, Mahdavi, MM, Mahmoudi, M, Majeed, A, Maleki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, DC, Mamun, AA, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, MA, Martinez, G, Martinez-Raga, J, Martins-Melo, FR, Mason-Jones, AJ, Masoumi, SZ, Mathur, MR, Maulik, PK, McGrath, JJ, Mehndiratta, MM, Mehri, F, Memiah, PTN, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Mengesha, EW, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, TJ, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, IM, Miller, TR, Mini, G, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirzaei, H, Mirzaei, M, Moazen, B, Mohammad, DK, Mohammadi, S, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadifard, N, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Monasta, L, Moradi, G, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Morrison, SD, Mosapour, A, Khaneghah, AM, Mueller, UO, Muriithi, MK, Murray, CJL, Muthupandian, S, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, AJ, Naghavi, M, Naimzada, MD, Nangia, V, Nayak, VC, Nazari, J, Ndejjo, R, Negoi, I, Negoi, RI, Netsere, HB, Nguefack-Tsague, G, Nguyen, DN, Nguyen, HLT, Nie, J, Ningrum, DNA, Nnaji, CA, Nomura, S, Noubiap, JJ, Nowak, C, Nuñez-Samudio, V, Ogbo, FA, Oghenetega, OB, Oh, I-H, Oladnabi, M, Olagunju, AT, Olusanya, BO, Olusanya, JO, Bali, AO, Omer, MO, Onwujekwe, OE, Ortiz, A, Otoiu, A, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, SS, Øverland, S, Owolabi, MO, Mahesh, PA, Padubidri, JR, Pakshir, K, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Panelo, CIA, Park, E-K, Patten, SB, Peden, AE, Pepito, VCF, Peprah, EK, Pereira, J, Pesudovs, K, Pham, HQ, Phillips, MR, Piradov, MA, Pirsaheb, M, Postma, MJ, Pottoo, FH, Pourjafar, H, Pourshams, A, Prada, SI, Pupillo, E, Syed, ZQ, Rabiee, MH, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiee, A, Raggi, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, MHU, Rahman, MA, Ramezanzadeh, K, Ranabhat, CL, Rao, SJ, Rashedi, V, Rastogi, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Renzaho, AMN, Rezaei, N, Rezai, MS, Riahi, SM, Rickard, J, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roth, GA, Rubagotti, E, Rumisha, SF, Rwegerera, GM, Sabour, S, Sachdev, PS, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, E, Moghaddam, SS, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, MA, Sajadi, SM, Salem, MR, Salimzadeh, H, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Saraswathy, SYI, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sarveazad, A, Sathish, T, Sattin, D, Saxena, D, Saxena, S, Schiavolin, S, Schwebel, DC, Schwendicke, F, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, SG, Sha, F, Shafaat, O, Shahabi, S, Shaheen, AA, Shaikh, MA, Shakiba, S, Shamsi, M, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shetty, BSK, Shi, P, Shigematsu, M, Shin, JI, Shiri, R, Shuval, K, Siabani, S, Sigfusdottir, ID, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Silva, DAS, Silva, JP, Simonetti, B, Singh, JA, Singh, V, Sinke, AH, Skryabin, VY, Slater, H, Smith, EUR, Sobhiyeh, MR, Sobngwi, E, Soheili, A, Somefun, OD, Sorrie, MB, Soyiri, IN, Sreeramareddy, CT, Stein, DJ, Stokes, MA, Sudaryanto, A, Sultan, I, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Tabuchi, T, Tadakamadla, SK, Taherkhani, A, Tamiru, AT, Tareque, I, Thankappan, KR, Thapar, R, Thomas, N, Titova, MV, Tonelli, M, Tovani-Palone, MR, Tran, BX, Travillian, RS, Tsai, AC, Tsatsakis, A, Car, LT, Uddin, R, Unim, B, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Vacante, M, Tahbaz, SV, Valdez, PR, Varughese, S, Vasankari, TJ, Venketasubramanian, N, Villeneuve, PJ, Violante, FS, Vlassov, V, Vos, T, Vu, GT, Waheed, Y, Wamai, RG, Wang, Y, Wang, Y-P, Westerman, R, Wickramasinghe, ND, Wu, A-M, Wu, C, Jabbari, SHY, Yamagishi, K, Yano, Y, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yeshitila, YG, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S-J, Younis, MZ, Yousefinezhadi, T, Yu, C, Yu, Y, Yuce, D, Zaidi, SS, Bin Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zarafshan, H, Zarei, A, Zastrozhin, MS, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z-J, Zhao, X-JG, Zhu, C, Patton, GC, Viner, RM, Collaborators, GBD 2019 Adolescent Mortality, Ward, J. L., Azzopardi, P. S., Francis, K. L., Santelli, J. S., Skirbekk, V., Sawyer, S. M., Kassebaum, N. J., Mokdad, A. H., Hay, S. I., Abd-Allah, F., Abdoli, A., Abdollahi, M., Abedi, A., Abolhassani, H., Abreu, L. G., Abrigo, M. R. M., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Abushouk, A. I., Adebayo, O. M., Adekanmbi, V., Adham, D., Advani, S. M., Afshari, K., Agrawal, A., Ahmad, T., Ahmadi, K., Ahmed, A. E., Aji, B., Akombi-Inyang, B., Alahdab, F., Al-Aly, Z., Alam, K., Alanezi, F. M., Alanzi, T. M., Alcalde-Rabanal, J. E., Alemu, B. W., Al-Hajj, S., Alhassan, R. K., Ali, S., Alicandro, G., Alijanzadeh, M., Aljunid, S. M., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Almasri, N. A., Al-Mekhlafi, H. M., Alonso, J., Al-Raddadi, R. M., Altirkawi, K. A., Alvis-Guzman, N., Amare, A. T., Amini, S., Aminorroaya, A., Amit, A. M. L., Amugsi, D. A., Ancuceanu, R., Anderlini, D., Andrei, C. L., Androudi, S., Ansari, F., Ansari, I., Antonio, C. A. T., Anvari, D., Anwer, R., Appiah, S. C. Y., Arabloo, J., Arab-Zozani, M., Arnlov, J., Asaad, M., Asadi-Aliabadi, M., Asadi-Pooya, A. A., Atout, M. M. W., Ausloos, M., Avenyo, E. K., Avila-Burgos, L., Ayala Quintanilla, B. P., Ayano, G., Aynalem, Y. A., Azari, S., Azene, Z. N., Bakhshaei, M. H., Bakkannavar, S. M., Banach, M., Banik, P. C., Barboza, M. A., Barker-Collo, S. L., Barnighausen, T. W., Basu, S., Baune, B. T., Bayati, M., Bedi, N., Beghi, E., Bekuma, T. T., Bell, A. W., Bell, M. L., Benjet, C., Bensenor, I. M., Berhe, A. K., Berhe, K., Berman, A. E., Bhagavathula, A. S., Bhardwaj, N., Bhardwaj, P., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhattarai, S., Bhutta, Z. A., Bijani, A., Bikbov, B., Biondi, A., Birhanu, T. T. M., Biswas, R. K., Bohlouli, S., Bolla, S. R., Boloor, A., Borschmann, R., Boufous, S., Bragazzi, N. L., Braithwaite, D., Breitborde, N. J. K., Brenner, H., Britton, G. B., Burns, R. A., Burugina Nagaraja, S., Butt, Z. A., Caetano dos Santos, F. L., Camera, L. A., Campos-Nonato, I. R., Campuzano Rincon, J. C., Cardenas, R., Carreras, G., Carrero, J. J., Carvalho, F., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., Castaneda-Orjuela, C. A., Castelpietra, G., Catala-Lopez, F., Cerin, E., Chandan, J. S., Chang, H. -Y., Chang, J. -C., Charan, J., Chattu, V. K., Chaturvedi, S., Choi, J. -Y. J., Chowdhury, M. A. K., Christopher, D. J., Chu, D. -T., Chung, M. T., Chung, S. -C., Cicuttini, F. M., Constantin, T. V., Costa, V. M., Dahlawi, S. M. A., Dai, H., Dai, X., Damiani, G., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Daneshpajouhnejad, P., Darwesh, A. M., Davila-Cervantes, C. A., Davletov, K., De la Hoz, F. P., De Leo, D., Dervenis, N., Desai, R., Desalew, A., Deuba, K., Dharmaratne, S. D., Dhungana, G. P., Dianatinasab, M., Dias da Silva, D., Diaz, D., Didarloo, A., Djalalinia, S., Dorostkar, F., Doshi, C. P., Doshmangir, L., Doyle, K. E., Duraes, A. R., Ebrahimi Kalan, M., Ebtehaj, S., Edvardsson, D., El Tantawi, M., Elgendy, I. Y., El-Jaafary, S. 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Tadakamadla S.K., Taherkhani A., Tamiru A.T., Tareque M.I., Thankappan K.R., Thapar R., Thomas N., Titova M.V., Tonelli M., Tovani-Palone M.R., Tran B.X., Travillian R.S., Tsai A.C., Tsatsakis A., Tudor Car L., Uddin R., Unim B., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Vacante M., Valadan Tahbaz S., Valdez P.R., Varughese S., Vasankari T.J., Venketasubramanian N., Villeneuve P.J., Violante F.S., Vlassov V., Vos T., Vu G.T., Waheed Y., Wamai R.G., Wang Y., Wang Y.-P., Westerman R., Wickramasinghe N.D., Wu A.-M., Wu C., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S.H., Yamagishi K., Yano Y., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yeshitila Y.G., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Yoon S.-J., Younis M.Z., Yousefinezhadi T., Yu C., Yu Y., Yuce D., Zaidi S.S., Zaman S.B., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zarafshan H., Zarei A., Zastrozhin M.S., Zhang Y., Zhang Z.-J., Zhao X.-J.G., Zhu C., Patton G.C., Viner R.M., Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine), Ward, J, Azzopardi, P, Francis, K, Santelli, J, Skirbekk, V, Sawyer, S, Kassebaum, N, Mokdad, A, 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R, Desalew, A, Deuba, K, Dharmaratne, S, Dhungana, G, Dianatinasab, M, Dias da Silva, D, Diaz, D, Didarloo, A, Djalalinia, S, Dorostkar, F, Doshi, C, Doshmangir, L, Doyle, K, Duraes, A, Ebrahimi Kalan, M, Ebtehaj, S, Edvardsson, D, El Tantawi, M, Elgendy, I, El-Jaafary, S, Elsharkawy, A, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilnejad, S, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Esteghamati, S, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fattahi, N, Feigin, V, Ferede, T, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fisher, J, Foigt, N, Folayan, M, Fomenkov, A, Foroutan, M, Fukumoto, T, Gad, M, Gaidhane, A, Gallus, S, Gebre, T, Gebremedhin, K, Gebremeskel, G, Gebremeskel, L, Gebreslassie, A, Gesesew, H, Ghadiri, K, Ghafourifard, M, Ghamari, F, Ghashghaee, A, Gilani, S, Gnedovskaya, E, Godinho, M, Golechha, M, Goli, S, Gona, P, Gopalani, S, Gorini, G, Grivna, M, Gubari, M, Gugnani, H, Guimaraes, R, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Haagsma, J, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haile, T, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hall, B, Hamadeh, R, Hamagharib Abdullah, K, Hamidi, S, Handiso, D, Hanif, A, Hankey, G, Haririan, H, Haro, J, Hasaballah, A, Hashi, A, Hassan, A, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hayat, K, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Herteliu, C, Heydarpour, F, Ho, H, Hole, M, Holla, R, Hoogar, P, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Hsairi, M, Huda, T, Humayun, A, Hussain, R, Hwang, B, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, S, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Inbaraj, L, Intarut, N, Iqbal, U, Irvani, S, Islam, M, Islam, S, Iso, H, Ivers, R, Jahani, M, Jakovljevic, M, Jalali, A, Janodia, M, Javaheri, T, Jeemon, P, Jenabi, E, Jha, R, Jha, V, Ji, J, Jonas, J, Jones, K, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, J, Juliusson, P, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalankesh, L, Kalhor, R, Kamyari, N, Kanchan, T, Karch, A, Karimi, S, Kaur, S, Kayode, G, Keiyoro, P, Khalid, N, Khammarnia, M, Khan, M, Khatab, K, Khater, M, Khatib, M, Khayamzadeh, M, Khazaie, H, Khoja, A, Kieling, C, Kim, Y, Kimokoti, R, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kivimaki, M, Koolivand, A, Kosen, S, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kugbey, N, Kumar, G, Kumar, M, Kumar, N, Kurmi, O, Kusuma, D, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lal, D, Lalloo, R, Lan, Q, Landires, I, Lansingh, V, Larsson, A, Lasrado, S, Lassi, Z, Lauriola, P, Lee, P, Lee, S, Leigh, J, Leonardi, M, Leung, J, Levi, M, Lewycka, S, Li, B, Li, M, Li, S, Lim, L, Lim, S, Liu, X, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, P, Lunevicius, R, Maddison, R, Mahasha, P, Mahdavi, M, Mahmoudi, M, Majeed, A, Maleki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, D, Mamun, A, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, M, Martinez, G, Martinez-Raga, J, Martins-Melo, F, Mason-Jones, A, Masoumi, S, Mathur, M, Maulik, P, Mcgrath, J, Mehndiratta, M, Mehri, F, Memiah, P, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mengesha, E, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, T, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, I, Miller, T, Mini, G, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, E, Mirzaei, H, Mirzaei, M, Moazen, B, Mohammad, D, Mohammadi, S, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadifard, N, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Monasta, L, Moradi, G, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Morrison, S, Mosapour, A, Mousavi Khaneghah, A, Mueller, U, Muriithi, M, Murray, C, Muthupandian, S, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, A, Naghavi, M, Naimzada, M, Nangia, V, Nayak, V, Nazari, J, Ndejjo, R, Negoi, I, Negoi, R, Netsere, H, Nguefack-Tsague, G, Nguyen, D, Nguyen, H, Nie, J, Ningrum, D, Nnaji, C, Nomura, S, Noubiap, J, Nowak, C, Nunez-Samudio, V, Ogbo, F, Oghenetega, O, Oh, I, Oladnabi, M, Olagunju, A, Olusanya, B, Olusanya, J, Omar Bali, A, Omer, M, Onwujekwe, O, Ortiz, A, Otoiu, A, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, S, Overland, S, Owolabi, M, P A, M, Padubidri, J, Pakshir, K, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Panelo, C, Park, E, Patten, S, Peden, A, Pepito, V, Peprah, E, Pereira, J, Pesudovs, K, Pham, H, Phillips, M, Piradov, M, Pirsaheb, M, Postma, M, Pottoo, F, Pourjafar, H, Pourshams, A, Prada, S, Pupillo, E, Quazi Syed, Z, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiee, A, Raggi, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Ramezanzadeh, K, Ranabhat, C, Rao, S, Rashedi, V, Rastogi, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Renzaho, A, Rezaei, N, Rezai, M, Riahi, S, Rickard, J, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roth, G, Rubagotti, E, Rumisha, S, Rwegerera, G, Sabour, S, Sachdev, P, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, E, Saeedi Moghaddam, S, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, M, Sajadi, S, Salem, M, Salimzadeh, H, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Santric-Milicevic, M, Saraswathy, S, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sarveazad, A, Sathish, T, Sattin, D, Saxena, D, Saxena, S, Schiavolin, S, Schwebel, D, Schwendicke, F, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, S, Sha, F, Shafaat, O, Shahabi, S, Shaheen, A, Shaikh, M, Shakiba, S, Shamsi, M, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shetty, B, Shi, P, Shigematsu, M, Shin, J, Shiri, R, Shuval, K, Siabani, S, Sigfusdottir, I, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Silva, D, Silva, J, Simonetti, B, Singh, J, Singh, V, Sinke, A, Skryabin, V, Slater, H, Smith, E, Sobhiyeh, M, Sobngwi, E, Soheili, A, Somefun, O, Sorrie, M, Soyiri, I, Sreeramareddy, C, Stein, D, Stokes, M, Sudaryanto, A, Sultan, I, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tabuchi, T, Tadakamadla, S, Taherkhani, A, Tamiru, A, Tareque, M, Thankappan, K, Thapar, R, Thomas, N, Titova, M, Tonelli, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Tran, B, Travillian, R, Tsai, A, Tsatsakis, A, Tudor Car, L, Uddin, R, Unim, B, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Vacante, M, Valadan Tahbaz, S, Valdez, P, Varughese, S, Vasankari, T, Venketasubramanian, N, Villeneuve, P, Violante, F, Vlassov, V, Vos, T, Vu, G, Waheed, Y, Wamai, R, Wang, Y, Westerman, R, Wickramasinghe, N, Wu, A, Wu, C, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S, Yamagishi, K, Yano, Y, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yeshitila, Y, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S, Younis, M, Yousefinezhadi, T, Yu, C, Yu, Y, Yuce, D, Zaidi, S, Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zarafshan, H, Zarei, A, Zastrozhin, M, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z, Zhao, X, Zhu, C, Patton, G, and Viner, R
Subjects: Male, Joves -- Mortalitat, ADOLESCENT HEALTH, CHILDREN, Socioeconomic Factor, Global Burden of Disease, RA0421, Cause of Death, Medicine, Young adult, Child, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Cause of death, education.field_of_study, Adolescent, Age Distribution, Female, Humans, Mortality, Sex Distribution, Socioeconomic Factors, Young Adult, Mortality rate, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, General Medicine, Articles, Hälsovetenskaper, MIDDLE-INCOME, MENTAL-HEALTH, Adolescent health, INTERVENTIONS, Human, SUICIDE, Total fertility rate, Population, Adolescent Health, Adolescents -- Mortalitat, General & Internal Medicine, Health Sciences, QUALITY, Medicine [Science], Social determinants of health, INCOME COUNTRIES, education, business.industry, TRENDS, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Years of potential life lost, INJURIES, business, Demography
Abstract: Background Documentation of patterns and long-term trends in mortality in young people, which reflect huge changes in demographic and social determinants of adolescent health, enables identification of global investment priorities for this age group. We aimed to analyse data on the number of deaths, years of life lost, and mortality rates by sex and age group in people aged 10–24 years in 204 countries and territories from 1950 to 2019 by use of estimates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Methods We report trends in estimated total numbers of deaths and mortality rate per 100 000 population in young people aged 10–24 years by age group (10–14 years, 15–19 years, and 20–24 years) and sex in 204 countries and territories between 1950 and 2019 for all causes, and between 1980 and 2019 by cause of death. We analyse variation in outcomes by region, age group, and sex, and compare annual rate of change in mortality in young people aged 10–24 years with that in children aged 0–9 years from 1990 to 2019. We then analyse the association between mortality in people aged 10–24 years and socioeconomic development using the GBD Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite measure based on average national educational attainment in people older than 15 years, total fertility rate in people younger than 25 years, and income per capita. We assess the association between SDI and all-cause mortality in 2019, and analyse the ratio of observed to expected mortality by SDI using the most recent available data release (2017). Findings In 2019 there were 1·49 million deaths (95% uncertainty interval 1·39–1·59) worldwide in people aged 10–24 years, of which 61% occurred in males. 32·7% of all adolescent deaths were due to transport injuries, unintentional injuries, or interpersonal violence and conflict; 32·1% were due to communicable, nutritional, or maternal causes; 27·0% were due to non-communicable diseases; and 8·2% were due to self-harm. Since 1950, deaths in this age group decreased by 30·0% in females and 15·3% in males, and sex-based differences in mortality rate have widened in most regions of the world. Geographical variation has also increased, particularly in people aged 10–14 years. Since 1980, communicable and maternal causes of death have decreased sharply as a proportion of total deaths in most GBD super-regions, but remain some of the most common causes in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, where more than half of all adolescent deaths occur. Annual percentage decrease in all-cause mortality rate since 1990 in adolescents aged 15–19 years was 1·3% in males and 1·6% in females, almost half that of males aged 1–4 years (2·4%), and around a third less than in females aged 1–4 years (2·5%). The proportion of global deaths in people aged 0–24 years that occurred in people aged 10–24 years more than doubled between 1950 and 2019, from 9·5% to 21·6%. Interpretation Variation in adolescent mortality between countries and by sex is widening, driven by poor progress in reducing deaths in males and older adolescents. Improving global adolescent mortality will require action to address the specific vulnerabilities of this age group, which are being overlooked. Furthermore, indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to jeopardise efforts to improve health outcomes including mortality in young people aged 10–24 years. There is an urgent need to respond to the changing global burden of adolescent mortality, address inequities where they occur, and improve the availability and quality of primary mortality data in this age group. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2021

3. Long-Term Consumption of 10 Food Groups and Cardiovascular Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Author: Bhandari, B, Liu, Z, Lin, S ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8784-6775, Macniven, R ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2967-7977, Akombi-Inyang, B ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6410-4154, Hall, J ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9839-5626, Feng, X ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3421-220X, Schutte, AE ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9217-4937, Xu, X ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4787-6547, Bhandari, B, Liu, Z, Lin, S ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8784-6775, Macniven, R ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2967-7977, Akombi-Inyang, B ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6410-4154, Hall, J ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9839-5626, Feng, X ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3421-220X, Schutte, AE ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9217-4937, and Xu, X ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4787-6547
Abstract: A large body of evidence exists on diet and cardiovascular mortality, but limited studies have investigated the long-term intake of food groups, which may have cumulative effects on cardiovascular health in the long term. This review therefore evaluated the relationship between the long-term consumption of 10 food groups and cardiovascular mortality. We conducted a systematic search in Medline, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and Web of Science till January 2022. Of the 5318 studies initially identified, 22 studies with a total of 70,273 participants with cardiovascular mortality were included. Summary HRs and 95% CIs were estimated using a random effects model. We found that a long-term high intake of whole grains (HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.80, 0.95; P = 0.001), fruits and vegetables (HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.85; P < 0.0001), and nuts (HR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.81; P < 0.00001) significantly reduced cardiovascular mortality. Each 10-gram increase in whole grain consumption per day was associated with a 4% reduction in the risk of cardiovascular mortality, whereas each 10-gram increase in red/processed meat consumption per day was associated with a 1.8% increase in the risk of cardiovascular mortality. Compared with the lowest intake category, red/processed meat consumption in the highest category was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.39; P = 0.006). High intake of dairy products (HR: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.34; P = 0.28), and legumes (HR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.53, 1.38; P = 0.53) were not associated with cardiovascular mortality. However, in the dose-response analysis, each 10-gram increase in legume intake per week was associated with a 0.5% reduction in cardiovascular mortality. We conclude that the long-term high intake of whole grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts, and a low intake of red/processed meat are associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality. More data on the long-term effects of legumes on cardiovascular mortality ar
Published: 2023

4. Editorial: Prevention and management of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly in COVID-19 response

Author: Macniven, R ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2967-7977, Lin, S ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8784-6775, Akombi-Inyang, B ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6410-4154, Cheng, C, Xu, X ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4787-6547, Macniven, R ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2967-7977, Lin, S ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8784-6775, Akombi-Inyang, B ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6410-4154, Cheng, C, and Xu, X ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4787-6547
Published: 2023

5. Editorial: Prevention and management of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly in COVID-19 response.

Author: Macniven, R, Lin, S, Akombi-Inyang, B, Cheng, C, Xu, X, Macniven, R, Lin, S, Akombi-Inyang, B, Cheng, C, and Xu, X
Published: 2023

6. Global, regional, and national mortality among young people aged 10–24 years, 1950–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Ward, J, Azzopardi, P, Francis, K, Santelli, J, Skirbekk, V, Sawyer, S, Kassebaum, N, Mokdad, A, Hay, S, Abd-Allah, F, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abedi, A, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, L, Abrigo, M, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abushouk, A, Adebayo, O, Adekanmbi, V, Adham, D, Advani, S, Afshari, K, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, A, Aji, B, Akombi-Inyang, B, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alanezi, F, Alanzi, T, Alcalde-Rabanal, J, Alemu, B, Al-Hajj, S, Alhassan, R, Ali, S, Alicandro, G, Alijanzadeh, M, Aljunid, S, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almasri, N, Al-Mekhlafi, H, Alonso, J, Al-Raddadi, R, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, A, Amini, S, Aminorroaya, A, Amit, A, Amugsi, D, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrei, C, Androudi, S, Ansari, F, Ansari, I, Antonio, C, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Appiah, S, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Arnlov, J, Asaad, M, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asadi-Pooya, A, Atout, M, Ausloos, M, Avenyo, E, Avila-Burgos, L, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayano, G, Aynalem, Y, Azari, S, Azene, Z, Bakhshaei, M, Bakkannavar, S, Banach, M, Banik, P, Barboza, M, Barker-Collo, S, Barnighausen, T, Basu, S, Baune, B, Bayati, M, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Bekuma, T, Bell, A, Bell, M, Benjet, C, Bensenor, I, Berhe, A, Berhe, K, Berman, A, Bhagavathula, A, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhattarai, S, Bhutta, Z, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Biondi, A, Birhanu, T, Biswas, R, Bohlouli, S, Bolla, S, Boloor, A, Borschmann, R, Boufous, S, Bragazzi, N, Braithwaite, D, Breitborde, N, Brenner, H, Britton, G, Burns, R, Burugina Nagaraja, S, Butt, Z, Caetano dos Santos, F, Camera, L, Campos-Nonato, I, Campuzano Rincon, J, Cardenas, R, Carreras, G, Carrero, J, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, J, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Castelpietra, G, Catala-Lopez, F, Cerin, E, Chandan, J, Chang, H, Chang, J, Charan, J, Chattu, V, Chaturvedi, S, Choi, J, Chowdhury, M, Christopher, D, Chu, D, Chung, M, Chung, S, Cicuttini, F, Constantin, T, Costa, V, Dahlawi, S, Dai, H, Dai, X, Damiani, G, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Darwesh, A, Davila-Cervantes, C, Davletov, K, De la Hoz, F, De Leo, D, Dervenis, N, Desai, R, Desalew, A, Deuba, K, Dharmaratne, S, Dhungana, G, Dianatinasab, M, Dias da Silva, D, Diaz, D, Didarloo, A, Djalalinia, S, Dorostkar, F, Doshi, C, Doshmangir, L, Doyle, K, Duraes, A, Ebrahimi Kalan, M, Ebtehaj, S, Edvardsson, D, El Tantawi, M, Elgendy, I, El-Jaafary, S, Elsharkawy, A, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilnejad, S, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Esteghamati, S, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fattahi, N, Feigin, V, Ferede, T, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fisher, J, Foigt, N, Folayan, M, Fomenkov, A, Foroutan, M, Fukumoto, T, Gad, M, Gaidhane, A, Gallus, S, Gebre, T, Gebremedhin, K, Gebremeskel, G, Gebremeskel, L, Gebreslassie, A, Gesesew, H, Ghadiri, K, Ghafourifard, M, Ghamari, F, Ghashghaee, A, Gilani, S, Gnedovskaya, E, Godinho, M, Golechha, M, Goli, S, Gona, P, Gopalani, S, Gorini, G, Grivna, M, Gubari, M, Gugnani, H, Guimaraes, R, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Haagsma, J, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haile, T, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hall, B, Hamadeh, R, Hamagharib Abdullah, K, Hamidi, S, Handiso, D, Hanif, A, Hankey, G, Haririan, H, Haro, J, Hasaballah, A, Hashi, A, Hassan, A, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hayat, K, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Herteliu, C, Heydarpour, F, Ho, H, Hole, M, Holla, R, Hoogar, P, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Hsairi, M, Huda, T, Humayun, A, Hussain, R, Hwang, B, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, S, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Inbaraj, L, Intarut, N, Iqbal, U, Irvani, S, Islam, M, Islam, S, Iso, H, Ivers, R, Jahani, M, Jakovljevic, M, Jalali, A, Janodia, M, Javaheri, T, Jeemon, P, Jenabi, E, Jha, R, Jha, V, Ji, J, Jonas, J, Jones, K, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, J, Juliusson, P, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalankesh, L, Kalhor, R, Kamyari, N, Kanchan, T, Karch, A, Karimi, S, Kaur, S, Kayode, G, Keiyoro, P, Khalid, N, Khammarnia, M, Khan, M, Khatab, K, Khater, M, Khatib, M, Khayamzadeh, M, Khazaie, H, Khoja, A, Kieling, C, Kim, Y, Kimokoti, R, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kivimaki, M, Koolivand, A, Kosen, S, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kugbey, N, Kumar, G, Kumar, M, Kumar, N, Kurmi, O, Kusuma, D, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lal, D, Lalloo, R, Lan, Q, Landires, I, Lansingh, V, Larsson, A, Lasrado, S, Lassi, Z, Lauriola, P, Lee, P, Lee, S, Leigh, J, Leonardi, M, Leung, J, Levi, M, Lewycka, S, Li, B, Li, M, Li, S, Lim, L, Lim, S, Liu, X, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, P, Lunevicius, R, Maddison, R, Mahasha, P, Mahdavi, M, Mahmoudi, M, Majeed, A, Maleki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, D, Mamun, A, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, M, Martinez, G, Martinez-Raga, J, Martins-Melo, F, Mason-Jones, A, Masoumi, S, Mathur, M, Maulik, P, Mcgrath, J, Mehndiratta, M, Mehri, F, Memiah, P, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mengesha, E, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, T, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, I, Miller, T, Mini, G, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, E, Mirzaei, H, Mirzaei, M, Moazen, B, Mohammad, D, Mohammadi, S, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadifard, N, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Monasta, L, Moradi, G, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Morrison, S, Mosapour, A, Mousavi Khaneghah, A, Mueller, U, Muriithi, M, Murray, C, Muthupandian, S, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, A, Naghavi, M, Naimzada, M, Nangia, V, Nayak, V, Nazari, J, Ndejjo, R, Negoi, I, Negoi, R, Netsere, H, Nguefack-Tsague, G, Nguyen, D, Nguyen, H, Nie, J, Ningrum, D, Nnaji, C, Nomura, S, Noubiap, J, Nowak, C, Nunez-Samudio, V, Ogbo, F, Oghenetega, O, Oh, I, Oladnabi, M, Olagunju, A, Olusanya, B, Olusanya, J, Omar Bali, A, Omer, M, Onwujekwe, O, Ortiz, A, Otoiu, A, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, S, Overland, S, Owolabi, M, P A, M, Padubidri, J, Pakshir, K, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Panelo, C, Park, E, Patten, S, Peden, A, Pepito, V, Peprah, E, Pereira, J, Pesudovs, K, Pham, H, Phillips, M, Piradov, M, Pirsaheb, M, Postma, M, Pottoo, F, Pourjafar, H, Pourshams, A, Prada, S, Pupillo, E, Quazi Syed, Z, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiee, A, Raggi, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Ramezanzadeh, K, Ranabhat, C, Rao, S, Rashedi, V, Rastogi, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Renzaho, A, Rezaei, N, Rezai, M, Riahi, S, Rickard, J, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roth, G, Rubagotti, E, Rumisha, S, Rwegerera, G, Sabour, S, Sachdev, P, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, E, Saeedi Moghaddam, S, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, M, Sajadi, S, Salem, M, Salimzadeh, H, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Santric-Milicevic, M, Saraswathy, S, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sarveazad, A, Sathish, T, Sattin, D, Saxena, D, Saxena, S, Schiavolin, S, Schwebel, D, Schwendicke, F, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, S, Sha, F, Shafaat, O, Shahabi, S, Shaheen, A, Shaikh, M, Shakiba, S, Shamsi, M, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shetty, B, Shi, P, Shigematsu, M, Shin, J, Shiri, R, Shuval, K, Siabani, S, Sigfusdottir, I, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Silva, D, Silva, J, Simonetti, B, Singh, J, Singh, V, Sinke, A, Skryabin, V, Slater, H, Smith, E, Sobhiyeh, M, Sobngwi, E, Soheili, A, Somefun, O, Sorrie, M, Soyiri, I, Sreeramareddy, C, Stein, D, Stokes, M, Sudaryanto, A, Sultan, I, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tabuchi, T, Tadakamadla, S, Taherkhani, A, Tamiru, A, Tareque, M, Thankappan, K, Thapar, R, Thomas, N, Titova, M, Tonelli, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Tran, B, Travillian, R, Tsai, A, Tsatsakis, A, Tudor Car, L, Uddin, R, Unim, B, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Vacante, M, Valadan Tahbaz, S, Valdez, P, Varughese, S, Vasankari, T, Venketasubramanian, N, Villeneuve, P, Violante, F, Vlassov, V, Vos, T, Vu, G, Waheed, Y, Wamai, R, Wang, Y, Westerman, R, Wickramasinghe, N, Wu, A, Wu, C, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S, Yamagishi, K, Yano, Y, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yeshitila, Y, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S, Younis, M, Yousefinezhadi, T, Yu, C, Yu, Y, Yuce, D, Zaidi, S, Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zarafshan, H, Zarei, A, Zastrozhin, M, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z, Zhao, X, Zhu, C, Patton, G, Viner, R, Ward J. L., Azzopardi P. S., Francis K. L., Santelli J. S., Skirbekk V., Sawyer S. M., Kassebaum N. J., Mokdad A. H., Hay S. I., Abd-Allah F., Abdoli A., Abdollahi M., Abedi A., Abolhassani H., Abreu L. G., Abrigo M. R. M., Abu-Gharbieh E., Abushouk A. I., Adebayo O. M., Adekanmbi V., Adham D., Advani S. M., Afshari K., Agrawal A., Ahmad T., Ahmadi K., Ahmed A. E., Aji B., Akombi-Inyang B., Alahdab F., Al-Aly Z., Alam K., Alanezi F. M., Alanzi T. M., Alcalde-Rabanal J. E., Alemu B. W., Al-Hajj S., Alhassan R. K., Ali S., Alicandro G., Alijanzadeh M., Aljunid S. M., Almasi-Hashiani A., Almasri N. A., Al-Mekhlafi H. M., Alonso J., Al-Raddadi R. M., Altirkawi K. A., Alvis-Guzman N., Amare A. T., Amini S., Aminorroaya A., Amit A. M. L., Amugsi D. A., Ancuceanu R., Anderlini D., Andrei C. L., Androudi S., Ansari F., Ansari I., Antonio C. A. T., Anvari D., Anwer R., Appiah S. C. Y., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Arnlov J., Asaad M., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Asadi-Pooya A. A., Atout M. M. W., Ausloos M., Avenyo E. K., Avila-Burgos L., Ayala Quintanilla B. P., Ayano G., Aynalem Y. A., Azari S., Azene Z. N., Bakhshaei M. H., Bakkannavar S. M., Banach M., Banik P. C., Barboza M. A., Barker-Collo S. L., Barnighausen T. W., Basu S., Baune B. T., Bayati M., Bedi N., Beghi E., Bekuma T. T., Bell A. W., Bell M. L., Benjet C., Bensenor I. M., Berhe A. K., Berhe K., Berman A. E., Bhagavathula A. S., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhattacharyya K., Bhattarai S., Bhutta Z. A., Bijani A., Bikbov B., Biondi A., Birhanu T. T. M., Biswas R. K., Bohlouli S., Bolla S. R., Boloor A., Borschmann R., Boufous S., Bragazzi N. L., Braithwaite D., Breitborde N. J. K., Brenner H., Britton G. B., Burns R. A., Burugina Nagaraja S., Butt Z. A., Caetano dos Santos F. L., Camera L. A., Campos-Nonato I. R., Campuzano Rincon J. C., Cardenas R., Carreras G., Carrero J. J., Carvalho F., Castaldelli-Maia J. M., Castaneda-Orjuela C. A., Castelpietra G., Catala-Lopez F., Cerin E., Chandan J. S., Chang H. -Y., Chang J. -C., Charan J., Chattu V. K., Chaturvedi S., Choi J. -Y. J., Chowdhury M. A. K., Christopher D. J., Chu D. -T., Chung M. T., Chung S. -C., Cicuttini F. M., Constantin T. V., Costa V. M., Dahlawi S. M. A., Dai H., Dai X., Damiani G., Dandona L., Dandona R., Daneshpajouhnejad P., Darwesh A. M., Davila-Cervantes C. A., Davletov K., De la Hoz F. P., De Leo D., Dervenis N., Desai R., Desalew A., Deuba K., Dharmaratne S. D., Dhungana G. P., Dianatinasab M., Dias da Silva D., Diaz D., Didarloo A., Djalalinia S., Dorostkar F., Doshi C. P., Doshmangir L., Doyle K. E., Duraes A. R., Ebrahimi Kalan M., Ebtehaj S., Edvardsson D., El Tantawi M., Elgendy I. Y., El-Jaafary S. I., Elsharkawy A., Eshrati B., Eskandarieh S., Esmaeilnejad S., Esmaeilzadeh F., Esteghamati S., Faro A., Farzadfar F., Fattahi N., Feigin V. L., Ferede T. Y., Fereshtehnejad S. -M., Fernandes E., Ferrara P., Filip I., Fischer F., Fisher J. L., Foigt N. A., Folayan M. O., Fomenkov A. A., Foroutan M., Fukumoto T., Gad M. M., Gaidhane A. M., Gallus S., Gebre T., Gebremedhin K. B., Gebremeskel G. G., Gebremeskel L., Gebreslassie A. A., Gesesew H. A., Ghadiri K., Ghafourifard M., Ghamari F., Ghashghaee A., Gilani S. A., Gnedovskaya E. V., Godinho M. A., Golechha M., Goli S., Gona P. N., Gopalani S. V., Gorini G., Grivna M., Gubari M. I. M., Gugnani H. C., Guimaraes R. A., Guo Y., Gupta R., Haagsma J. A., Hafezi-Nejad N., Haile T. G., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hall B. J., Hamadeh R. R., Hamagharib Abdullah K., Hamidi S., Handiso D. W., Hanif A., Hankey G. J., Haririan H., Haro J. M., Hasaballah A. I., Hashi A., Hassan A., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Hayat K., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Herteliu C., Heydarpour F., Ho H. C., Hole M. K., Holla R., Hoogar P., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Househ M., Hsairi M., Huda T. M., Humayun A., Hussain R., Hwang B. -F., Iavicoli I., Ibitoye S. E., Ilesanmi O. S., Ilic I. M., Ilic M. D., Inbaraj L. R., Intarut N., Iqbal U., Irvani S. S. N., Islam M. M., Islam S. M. S., Iso H., Ivers R. Q., Jahani M. A., Jakovljevic M., Jalali A., Janodia M. D., Javaheri T., Jeemon P., Jenabi E., Jha R. P., Jha V., Ji J. S., Jonas J. B., Jones K. M., Joukar F., Jozwiak J. J., Juliusson P. B., Jurisson M., Kabir A., Kabir Z., Kalankesh L. R., Kalhor R., Kamyari N., Kanchan T., Karch A., Karimi S. E., Kaur S., Kayode G. A., Keiyoro P. N., Khalid N., Khammarnia M., Khan M., Khan M. N., Khatab K., Khater M. M., Khatib M. N., Khayamzadeh M., Khazaie H., Khoja A. T., Kieling C., Kim Y. -E., Kim Y. J., Kimokoti R. W., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kivimaki M., Koolivand A., Kosen S., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Kugbey N., Kumar G. A., Kumar M., Kumar N., Kurmi O. P., Kusuma D., La Vecchia C., Lacey B., Lal D. K., Lalloo R., Lan Q., Landires I., Lansingh V. C., Larsson A. O., Lasrado S., Lassi Z. S., Lauriola P., Lee P. H., Lee S. W. H., Leigh J., Leonardi M., Leung J., Levi M., Lewycka S., Li B., Li M. -C., Li S., Lim L. -L., Lim S. S., Liu X., Lorkowski S., Lotufo P. A., Lunevicius R., Maddison R., Mahasha P. W., Mahdavi M. M., Mahmoudi M., Majeed A., Maleki A., Malekzadeh R., Malta D. C., Mamun A. A., Mansouri B., Mansournia M. A., Martinez G., Martinez-Raga J., Martins-Melo F. R., Mason-Jones A. J., Masoumi S. Z., Mathur M. R., Maulik P. K., McGrath J. J., Mehndiratta M. M., Mehri F., Memiah P. T. N., Mendoza W., Menezes R. G., Mengesha E. W., Meretoja A., Meretoja T. J., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Michalek I. M., Miller T. R., Mini G. K., Mirica A., Mirrakhimov E. M., Mirzaei H., Mirzaei M., Moazen B., Mohammad D. K., Mohammadi S., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadifard N., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed S., Monasta L., Moradi G., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Morrison S. D., Mosapour A., Mousavi Khaneghah A., Mueller U. O., Muriithi M. K., Murray C. J. L., Muthupandian S., Naderi M., Nagarajan A. J., Naghavi M., Naimzada M. D., Nangia V., Nayak V. C., Nazari J., Ndejjo R., Negoi I., Negoi R. I., Netsere H. B., Nguefack-Tsague G., Nguyen D. N., Nguyen H. L. T., Nie J., Ningrum D. N. A., Nnaji C. A., Nomura S., Noubiap J. J., Nowak C., Nunez-Samudio V., Ogbo F. A., Oghenetega O. B., Oh I. -H., Oladnabi M., Olagunju A. T., Olusanya B. O., Olusanya J. O., Omar Bali A., Omer M. O., Onwujekwe O. E., Ortiz A., Otoiu A., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S. S., Overland S., Owolabi M. O., P A M., Padubidri J. R., Pakshir K., Palladino R., Pana A., Panda-Jonas S., Pandey A., Panelo C. I. A., Park E. -K., Patten S. B., Peden A. E., Pepito V. C. F., Peprah E. K., Pereira J., Pesudovs K., Pham H. Q., Phillips M. R., Piradov M. A., Pirsaheb M., Postma M. J., Pottoo F. H., Pourjafar H., Pourshams A., Prada S. I., Pupillo E., Quazi Syed Z., Rabiee M. H., Rabiee N., Radfar A., Rafiee A., Raggi A., Rahim F., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman M. H. U., Rahman M. A., Ramezanzadeh K., Ranabhat C. L., Rao S. J., Rashedi V., Rastogi P., Rathi P., Rawaf D. L., Rawaf S., Rawal L., Rawassizadeh R., Renzaho A. M. N., Rezaei N., Rezai M. S., Riahi S. M., Rickard J., Roever L., Ronfani L., Roth G. A., Rubagotti E., Rumisha S. F., Rwegerera G. M., Sabour S., Sachdev P. S., Saddik B., Sadeghi E., Saeedi Moghaddam S., Sagar R., Sahebkar A., Sahraian M. A., Sajadi S. M., Salem M. R., Salimzadeh H., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Saraswathy S. Y. I., Sarrafzadegan N., Sarveazad A., Sathish T., Sattin D., Saxena D., Saxena S., Schiavolin S., Schwebel D. C., Schwendicke F., Senthilkumaran S., Sepanlou S. G., Sha F., Shafaat O., Shahabi S., Shaheen A. A., Shaikh M. A., Shakiba S., Shamsi M., Shannawaz M., Sharafi K., Sheikh A., Sheikhbahaei S., Shetty B. S. K., Shi P., Shigematsu M., Shin J. I., Shiri R., Shuval K., Siabani S., Sigfusdottir I. D., Sigurvinsdottir R., Silva D. A. S., Silva J. P., Simonetti B., Singh J. A., Singh V., Sinke A. H., Skryabin V. Y., Slater H., Smith E. U. R., Sobhiyeh M. R., Sobngwi E., Soheili A., Somefun O. D., Sorrie M. B., Soyiri I. N., Sreeramareddy C. T., Stein D. J., Stokes M. A., Sudaryanto A., Sultan I., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabuchi T., Tadakamadla S. K., Taherkhani A., Tamiru A. T., Tareque M. I., Thankappan K. R., Thapar R., Thomas N., Titova M. V., Tonelli M., Tovani-Palone M. R., Tran B. X., Travillian R. S., Tsai A. C., Tsatsakis A., Tudor Car L., Uddin R., Unim B., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Vacante M., Valadan Tahbaz S., Valdez P. R., Varughese S., Vasankari T. J., Venketasubramanian N., Villeneuve P. J., Violante F. S., Vlassov V., Vos T., Vu G. T., Waheed Y., Wamai R. G., Wang Y., Wang Y. -P., Westerman R., Wickramasinghe N. D., Wu A. -M., Wu C., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S. H., Yamagishi K., Yano Y., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yeshitila Y. G., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Yoon S. -J., Younis M. Z., Yousefinezhadi T., Yu C., Yu Y., Yuce D., Zaidi S. S., Zaman S. B., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zarafshan H., Zarei A., Zastrozhin M. S., Zhang Y., Zhang Z. -J., Zhao X. -J. G., Zhu C., Patton G. C., Viner R. 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B., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zarafshan H., Zarei A., Zastrozhin M. S., Zhang Y., Zhang Z. -J., Zhao X. -J. G., Zhu C., Patton G. C., and Viner R. M.
Abstract: Background: Documentation of patterns and long-term trends in mortality in young people, which reflect huge changes in demographic and social determinants of adolescent health, enables identification of global investment priorities for this age group. We aimed to analyse data on the number of deaths, years of life lost, and mortality rates by sex and age group in people aged 10–24 years in 204 countries and territories from 1950 to 2019 by use of estimates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Methods: We report trends in estimated total numbers of deaths and mortality rate per 100 000 population in young people aged 10–24 years by age group (10–14 years, 15–19 years, and 20–24 years) and sex in 204 countries and territories between 1950 and 2019 for all causes, and between 1980 and 2019 by cause of death. We analyse variation in outcomes by region, age group, and sex, and compare annual rate of change in mortality in young people aged 10–24 years with that in children aged 0–9 years from 1990 to 2019. We then analyse the association between mortality in people aged 10–24 years and socioeconomic development using the GBD Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite measure based on average national educational attainment in people older than 15 years, total fertility rate in people younger than 25 years, and income per capita. We assess the association between SDI and all-cause mortality in 2019, and analyse the ratio of observed to expected mortality by SDI using the most recent available data release (2017). Findings: In 2019 there were 1·49 million deaths (95% uncertainty interval 1·39–1·59) worldwide in people aged 10–24 years, of which 61% occurred in males. 32·7% of all adolescent deaths were due to transport injuries, unintentional injuries, or interpersonal violence and conflict; 32·1% were due to communicable, nutritional, or maternal causes; 27·0% were due to non-communicable diseases; and 8·2% were due to self-harm
Published: 2021

7. Child Marriage in South Asia: A Systematic Review

Author: Subramanee, SD, Agho, K, Lakshmi, J, Huda, MN ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7048-1266, Joshi, R ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3374-401X, Akombi-Inyang, B ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6410-4154, Subramanee, SD, Agho, K, Lakshmi, J, Huda, MN ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7048-1266, Joshi, R ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3374-401X, and Akombi-Inyang, B ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6410-4154
Abstract: Background: Child marriage is a serious public health issue with dire implications at the individual and societal level. Almost half of all child marriages globally originate from South Asia. The aim of this study is to identify consistent factors associated with and resulting from child marriage in South Asia through a review of available evidence. Methods: This systematic review adhered to the 2015 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Six computerized bibliographic databases, namely PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE, Ovid Medline, PUBMED, and Scopus were searched. Retrieved studies were exported to EndNote and screened for eligibility using pre-determined criteria. The quality of the included studies was rated using 14 quality appraisal criteria derived from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Tool. Results: A total of 520 articles were retrieved from six databases. Of these, 13 articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in this study. Factors consistently associated with child marriage in South Asia were rural residence, low level of education, poor economic background, low exposure to mass media and religion (Hindu and Muslim in particular countries). Maternal health care factors resulting from child marriage included: low utilization of antenatal care services, low institutional delivery, and low delivery assistance by a skilled birth attendant. Conclusions: Child marriage results from an interplay of economic and social forces. Therefore, to address the complex nature of child marriage, efforts targeting improvement in education, employment, exposure to health information via mass media, and gender egalitarianism are required. This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO [CRD42020190410].
Published: 2022

8. Medical waste management-related factors affecting health and experiences of health risks among medical waste handlers in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review protocol of qualitative studies

Author: Huda, MN ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7048-1266, Hailemariam, TG, Hossain, SZ, Malo, JS, Khan, S, Hadisuyatmana, S, Ferdous, A, Akombi-Inyang, B ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6410-4154, Islam, RM, Renzaho, AMN, Huda, MN ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7048-1266, Hailemariam, TG, Hossain, SZ, Malo, JS, Khan, S, Hadisuyatmana, S, Ferdous, A, Akombi-Inyang, B ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6410-4154, Islam, RM, and Renzaho, AMN
Abstract: Introduction Medical waste management (MWM)-related factors affecting the health of medical waste handlers (MWHs) and their health risks in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) are an important public health concern. Although studies of MWM-related factors and health risks among MWHs in LMICs are available, literature remains undersynthesised and knowledge fragmented. This systematic review will provide a comprehensive synthesis of evidence regarding the individual, system and policy-level MWM-related factors that affect MWHs' health and their experiences of health risks in LMICs. Methods and analysis All qualitative studies published in peer-reviewed journals between 1 July 2011 and 30 June 2021 with full texts available and accessible will be included in the review. Seven specific electronic databases (eg, Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, CINAHL, ProQuest and PsycINFO) will be searched. Two authors will review the citations and full texts, extract data and complete the quality appraisal independently. A third reviewer will check discrepancies when a consensus cannot be reached on differences between the two reviewers. Data extraction will be conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute standardised data extraction form for qualitative research. The quality of articles will be assessed using a Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist. Results from eligible articles will be synthesised into a set of findings using the thematic framework analysis approach and will be reported according to the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research statement. Ethics and dissemination This review is based on published articles, which does not require ethical approval because there is no collection of primary data. Findings from this review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant public health conferences. This protocol has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Review
Published: 2022

9. Long-term consumption of ten food groups and cardiovascular mortality: A systematic review and dose response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Author: Bhandari, B, Liu, Z, Lin, S, Macniven, R, Akombi-Inyang, B, Hall, J, Feng, X, Schutte, AE, Xu, X, Bhandari, B, Liu, Z, Lin, S, Macniven, R, Akombi-Inyang, B, Hall, J, Feng, X, Schutte, AE, and Xu, X
Published: 2022

10. Association between intimate partner violence and male alcohol use and the receipt of perinatal care: Evidence from Nepal demographic and health survey 2011-2016

Author: Dheensa, Sandi, Akombi-Inyang, B ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6410-4154, Ghimire, PR, Archibong, E, Woolley, E, Razee, H ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6845-8136, Dheensa, Sandi, Akombi-Inyang, B ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6410-4154, Ghimire, PR, Archibong, E, Woolley, E, and Razee, H ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6845-8136
Abstract: The utilization of perinatal care services among women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) and male alcohol use is a major problem. Adequate and regular perinatal care is essential through the continuum of pregnancy to mitigate pregnancy and birth complications. The aim of this study is to determine the association between IPV and male alcohol use and the receipt of perinatal care in Nepal. This study used pooled data from 2011 and 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys (NDHS). A total of 3067 women who interviewed for domestic violence module and had most recent live birth 5 years prior surveys were included in the analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between IPV and male alcohol use and the receipt of perinatal care. Of the total women interviewed, 22% reported physical violence, 14% emotional violence, and 11% sexual violence. Women who were exposed to physical violence were significantly more likely to report non-usage of institutional delivery [adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 1.30 (95% Cl: 1.01, 1.68)] and skilled delivery assistants [aOR = 1.43 (95% Cl: 1.10, 1.88)]. Non-attendance of 4 or more skilled antenatal care visits was associated with a combination of alcohol use by male partner and exposure to emotional [aOR = 1.42 (95% Cl: 1.01, 2.00)] and physical violence [aOR = 1.39 (95% Cl: 1.03, 1.88)]. The negative association between IPV and perinatal care suggests it is essential to develop comprehensive community- based interventions which integrates IPV support services with other health services to increase the uptake of perinatal care through the continuum of pregnancy.
Published: 2021

11. The association between post-migration nutrition and lifestyle transition and the risk of developing chronic diseases among sub-Saharan African migrants: A mixed method systematic review protocol

Author: Akombi-Inyang, B ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6410-4154, Huda, MN ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7048-1266, Schutte, AE ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9217-4937, Macniven, R ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2967-7977, Lin, S ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8784-6775, Rawstorne, P ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2395-3560, Xu, X ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4787-6547, Renzaho, A, Akombi-Inyang, B ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6410-4154, Huda, MN ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7048-1266, Schutte, AE ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9217-4937, Macniven, R ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2967-7977, Lin, S ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8784-6775, Rawstorne, P ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2395-3560, Xu, X ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4787-6547, and Renzaho, A
Abstract: Sub-Saharan African (SSA) migrants face nutrition and lifestyle changes upon arrival in a host country. The shift in diet and lifestyle reflects post-migration acculturation and could predispose migrants to nutrition-and lifestyle-related chronic diseases. A mixed-methods systematic review of published studies and the grey literature on post-migration nutrition and lifestyle transition among SSA migrants will be undertaken. Studies published in English and conducted from 2000 to 2020 using quantitative and/or qualitative methods will be included. Ten bibliographic databases will be searched: Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, CINAHL, PubMed, ProQuest, PsycINFO, Informit and Web of Science. Data extraction will be informed by the Cochrane PROGRESS-Plus framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute manual. The quality of the included studies will be appraised for risk of bias using validated tools. An integrated approach to quantitative and qualitative data synthesis through data transformation will be undertaken, and a narrative synthesis of the findings will be provided. This protocol is guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines and provides insight into the scope and parameters of the systematic review to be conducted. The aim of the review is to evaluate the association between post-migration nutrition and lifestyle transition and the risk of developing chronic diseases among SSA migrants in Australia. This review will provide insight into possible areas for interventions to improve the health of migrants. Systematic Review Registration: The protocol was registered with the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews CRD42020206560.
Published: 2021

12. Global, regional, and national mortality among young people aged 10–24 years, 1950–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Ward, JL, Azzopardi, PS, Francis, KL, Santelli, JS, Skirbekk, V, Sawyer, SM, Kassebaum, NJ, Mokdad, AH, Hay, SI, Abd-Allah, F, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abedi, A, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, LG, Abrigo, MRM, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abushouk, AI, Adebayo, OM, Adekanmbi, V, Adham, D, Advani, SM, Afshari, K, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, AE, Aji, B, Akombi-Inyang, B ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6410-4154, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Alcalde-Rabanal, JE, Alemu, BW, Al-Hajj, S, Alhassan, RK, Ali, S, Alicandro, G, Alijanzadeh, M, Aljunid, SM, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almasri, NA, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Alonso, J, Al-Raddadi, RM, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, S, Aminorroaya, A, Amit, AML, Amugsi, DA, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrei, CL, Androudi, S, Ansari, F, Ansari, I, Antonio, CAT, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Appiah, SCY, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Ärnlöv, J, Asaad, M, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asadi-Pooya, AA, Atout, MMDW, Ausloos, M, Avenyo, EK, Avila-Burgos, L, Quintanilla, BPA, Ayano, G, Aynalem, YA, Azari, S, Azene, ZN, Bakhshaei, MH, Bakkannavar, SM, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Barboza, MA, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, TW, Basu, S, Baune, BT, Bayati, M, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Bekuma, TT, Bell, AW, Bell, ML, Benjet, C, Bensenor, IM, Berhe, AK, Berhe, K, Berman, AE, Bhagavathula, AS, Godinho, Myron ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-2506, Boufous, Soufiane ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5686-1729, Biswas, Raaj Kishore ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-6323, Maulik, Pallab Kumar ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6835-6175, Sachdev, Perminder ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9595-3220, Jha, Vivekanand ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8015-9470, Pesudovs, Konrad ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6322-9369, Peden, Amy ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6424-1511, Ivers, Rebecca ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3448-662X, Leung, Janni ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5816-2959, Iqbal, Usman ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0614-123X, Ward, JL, Azzopardi, PS, Francis, KL, Santelli, JS, Skirbekk, V, Sawyer, SM, Kassebaum, NJ, Mokdad, AH, Hay, SI, Abd-Allah, F, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abedi, A, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, LG, Abrigo, MRM, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abushouk, AI, Adebayo, OM, Adekanmbi, V, Adham, D, Advani, SM, Afshari, K, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, AE, Aji, B, Akombi-Inyang, B ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6410-4154, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Alcalde-Rabanal, JE, Alemu, BW, Al-Hajj, S, Alhassan, RK, Ali, S, Alicandro, G, Alijanzadeh, M, Aljunid, SM, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almasri, NA, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Alonso, J, Al-Raddadi, RM, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, S, Aminorroaya, A, Amit, AML, Amugsi, DA, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrei, CL, Androudi, S, Ansari, F, Ansari, I, Antonio, CAT, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Appiah, SCY, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Ärnlöv, J, Asaad, M, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asadi-Pooya, AA, Atout, MMDW, Ausloos, M, Avenyo, EK, Avila-Burgos, L, Quintanilla, BPA, Ayano, G, Aynalem, YA, Azari, S, Azene, ZN, Bakhshaei, MH, Bakkannavar, SM, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Barboza, MA, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, TW, Basu, S, Baune, BT, Bayati, M, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Bekuma, TT, Bell, AW, Bell, ML, Benjet, C, Bensenor, IM, Berhe, AK, Berhe, K, Berman, AE, Bhagavathula, AS, Godinho, Myron ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-2506, Boufous, Soufiane ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5686-1729, Biswas, Raaj Kishore ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-6323, Maulik, Pallab Kumar ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6835-6175, Sachdev, Perminder ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9595-3220, Jha, Vivekanand ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8015-9470, Pesudovs, Konrad ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6322-9369, Peden, Amy ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6424-1511, Ivers, Rebecca ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3448-662X, Leung, Janni ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5816-2959, and Iqbal, Usman ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0614-123X
Abstract: Background: Documentation of patterns and long-term trends in mortality in young people, which reflect huge changes in demographic and social determinants of adolescent health, enables identification of global investment priorities for this age group. We aimed to analyse data on the number of deaths, years of life lost, and mortality rates by sex and age group in people aged 10–24 years in 204 countries and territories from 1950 to 2019 by use of estimates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Methods: We report trends in estimated total numbers of deaths and mortality rate per 100 000 population in young people aged 10–24 years by age group (10–14 years, 15–19 years, and 20–24 years) and sex in 204 countries and territories between 1950 and 2019 for all causes, and between 1980 and 2019 by cause of death. We analyse variation in outcomes by region, age group, and sex, and compare annual rate of change in mortality in young people aged 10–24 years with that in children aged 0–9 years from 1990 to 2019. We then analyse the association between mortality in people aged 10–24 years and socioeconomic development using the GBD Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite measure based on average national educational attainment in people older than 15 years, total fertility rate in people younger than 25 years, and income per capita. We assess the association between SDI and all-cause mortality in 2019, and analyse the ratio of observed to expected mortality by SDI using the most recent available data release (2017). Findings: In 2019 there were 1·49 million deaths (95% uncertainty interval 1·39–1·59) worldwide in people aged 10–24 years, of which 61% occurred in males. 32·7% of all adolescent deaths were due to transport injuries, unintentional injuries, or interpersonal violence and conflict; 32·1% were due to communicable, nutritional, or maternal causes; 27·0% were due to non-communicable diseases; and 8·2% were due to self-harm
Published: 2021

13. Adolescent Pregnancy in South Asia: A Pooled Analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys.

Author: Poudel S, Dobbins T, Razee H, and Akombi-Inyang B
Subjects: Pregnancy, Adolescent, Male, Humans, Female, Asia, Southern, Socioeconomic Factors, Bangladesh epidemiology, India, Family Characteristics, Health Surveys, Pregnancy in Adolescence
Abstract: Adolescent pregnancy has important health and social implications. Despite the availability of nationally representative household survey data, there are limited studies that analyze factors associated with adolescent pregnancy across countries of South Asia. This study aimed to identify factors associated with adolescent pregnancy across South Asia. This study used the most recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from six countries in South Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, the Maldives, Nepal, and Pakistan. Pooled individual record data from 20,828 ever-married women aged 15-19 years were used for the analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis, informed by the World Health Organization framework on social determinants of health, was performed to examine factors associated with adolescent pregnancy. Adolescent pregnancy was highest in Afghanistan compared to Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, India, and the Maldives. Multivariable analyses confirmed that being from a poor household or male-headed household, increasing maternal age, having no access to newspapers, and having no knowledge of family planning were significantly associated with adolescent pregnancy. The use or intention to use contraceptives was protective against adolescent pregnancy. To reduce adolescent pregnancy in South Asia, interventions targeting adolescents from poor households with limited access to mass media should be considered, especially those from households with an existing patriarchal structure.
Published: 2023
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14. Adolescent pregnancy in Mongolia: Evidence from Mongolia Social Indicator Sample Survey 2013-2018.

Author: Bayaraa K, Agho K, and Akombi-Inyang B
Abstract: Introduction: Adolescent pregnancy is a major public health and social concern which pose enormous pregnancy and delivery-related risks for both the mother and their neonate. This study aims to estimate adolescent pregnancy and determine the factors associated with adolescent pregnancy in Mongolia., Methods: This study pooled data from 2013 and 2018 Mongolia, Social Indicator Sample Surveys (MSISS). A total of 2808 adolescent girls aged 15-19 years with socio-demographic information were included in this study. Adolescent pregnancy is defined as pregnancy in a female 19 years of age or younger. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with adolescent pregnancy in Mongolia., Results: Adolescent pregnancy was estimated at 57.62 [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 44.41, 70.84] per 1000 adolescent girls aged 15-19 years. Multivariable analyses reported higher adolescent pregnancy in the countryside [Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) = 2.07 (95%CI: 1.08, 3.96)], with increasing age [AOR = 11.50 (95%CI: 6.64, 19.92)], among adolescent girls who used contraception methods [AOR = 10.80 (95%CI: 6.34, 18.40)], among adolescent girls from the poorest households [AOR = 3.32 (95%CI: 1.39, 7.93)], and among adolescent girls who drank alcohol [AOR = 2.10 (95%CI: 1.22, 3.62)]., Discussion: Identifying the factors associated with adolescent pregnancy is crucial in reducing adolescent pregnancy and improving the sexual and reproductive health as well as the social and economic well-being of adolescents thus setting Mongolia on the path to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3 by 2030., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2023 Bayaraa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Published: 2023
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15. Editorial: Prevention and management of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly in COVID-19 response.

Author: Macniven R, Lin S, Akombi-Inyang B, Cheng C, and Xu X
Subjects: Humans, Chronic Disease, COVID-19 prevention & control, Noncommunicable Diseases prevention & control
Abstract: Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Published: 2023
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16. Long-Term Consumption of 10 Food Groups and Cardiovascular Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.

Author: Bhandari B, Liu Z, Lin S, Macniven R, Akombi-Inyang B, Hall J, Feng X, Schutte AE, and Xu X
Subjects: Humans, Prospective Studies, Diet adverse effects, Fruit, Vegetables, Risk Factors, Fabaceae, Cardiovascular Diseases
Abstract: A large body of evidence exists on diet and cardiovascular mortality, but limited studies have investigated the long-term intake of food groups, which may have cumulative effects on cardiovascular health in the long term. This review therefore evaluated the relationship between the long-term consumption of 10 food groups and cardiovascular mortality. We conducted a systematic search in Medline, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and Web of Science till January 2022. Of the 5318 studies initially identified, 22 studies with a total of 70,273 participants with cardiovascular mortality were included. Summary HRs and 95% CIs were estimated using a random effects model. We found that a long-term high intake of whole grains (HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.80, 0.95; P = 0.001), fruits and vegetables (HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.85; P < 0.0001), and nuts (HR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.81; P < 0.00001) significantly reduced cardiovascular mortality. Each 10-gram increase in whole grain consumption per day was associated with a 4% reduction in the risk of cardiovascular mortality, whereas each 10-gram increase in red/processed meat consumption per day was associated with a 1.8% increase in the risk of cardiovascular mortality. Compared with the lowest intake category, red/processed meat consumption in the highest category was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.39; P = 0.006). High intake of dairy products (HR: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.34; P = 0.28), and legumes (HR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.53, 1.38; P = 0.53) were not associated with cardiovascular mortality. However, in the dose-response analysis, each 10-gram increase in legume intake per week was associated with a 0.5% reduction in cardiovascular mortality. We conclude that the long-term high intake of whole grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts, and a low intake of red/processed meat are associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality. More data on the long-term effects of legumes on cardiovascular mortality are encouraged. This study was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42020214679., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
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17. Child Marriage in South Asia: A Systematic Review.

Author: Subramanee SD, Agho K, Lakshmi J, Huda MN, Joshi R, and Akombi-Inyang B
Subjects: United States, Child, Humans, Female, Pregnancy, Educational Status, Prenatal Care, Asia, Marriage, Maternal Health Services
Abstract: Background : Child marriage is a serious public health issue with dire implications at the individual and societal level. Almost half of all child marriages globally originate from South Asia. The aim of this study is to identify consistent factors associated with and resulting from child marriage in South Asia through a review of available evidence. Methods: This systematic review adhered to the 2015 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Six computerized bibliographic databases, namely PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE, Ovid Medline, PUBMED, and Scopus were searched. Retrieved studies were exported to EndNote and screened for eligibility using pre-determined criteria. The quality of the included studies was rated using 14 quality appraisal criteria derived from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Tool. Results: A total of 520 articles were retrieved from six databases. Of these, 13 articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in this study. Factors consistently associated with child marriage in South Asia were rural residence, low level of education, poor economic background, low exposure to mass media and religion (Hindu and Muslim in particular countries). Maternal health care factors resulting from child marriage included: low utilization of antenatal care services, low institutional delivery, and low delivery assistance by a skilled birth attendant. Conclusions: Child marriage results from an interplay of economic and social forces. Therefore, to address the complex nature of child marriage, efforts targeting improvement in education, employment, exposure to health information via mass media, and gender egalitarianism are required. This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO [CRD42020190410].
Published: 2022
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18. Adolescent Pregnancy in South Asia: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.

Author: Poudel S, Razee H, Dobbins T, and Akombi-Inyang B
Subjects: Pregnancy, Adolescent, Female, Humans, Educational Status, Asia, Pregnancy in Adolescence
Abstract: Adolescent pregnancy is a major health and social concern in South Asia. The aim of this study is to systematically review evidence on the factors associated with adolescent pregnancy in South Asia. This study was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Four electronic databases: EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus were searched for relevant studies on factors associated with adolescent pregnancy in South Asia published in English between January 2000 and July 2022. The quality of the included studies was assessed using 12 criteria from The National Institute of Health (NIH) Study Quality Assessment Tools for observational studies. Of the 166 articles retrieved, only 15 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final analysis. Consistent factors associated with adolescent pregnancy in South Asia were low maternal education, low socioeconomic status, rural residency, and ethnic minorities. To prevent adolescent pregnancy in South Asia, concerted effort towards promoting health equity by addressing the predisposing factors associated with adolescent pregnancy is essential. This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO [CRD42022340344].
Published: 2022
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19. Double burden of malnutrition among migrants and refugees in developed countries: A mixed-methods systematic review.

Author: Ankomah A, Byaruhanga J, Woolley E, Boamah S, and Akombi-Inyang B
Subjects: Developed Countries, Humans, Malnutrition epidemiology, Overnutrition, Refugees, Transients and Migrants
Abstract: Migrants and refugees living in high income countries (HICs) have an increased risk of developing non-communicable diseases (NCDs) due to malnutrition at different stages over their life course. This systematic review aims to examine the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) among migrants and refugees in developed countries. This review was informed by the standard Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020) guidelines. Eligible studies were peer-reviewed observational studies that focused on the DBM in refugee or migrant populations; and were written in English with full texts available and accessible. A combination of keywords was used to search 8 electronic bibliographic databases including Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ProQuest, Scopus, PubMed, and web of science. There is a paucity of research into the DBM among migrants and refugees residing in HICs. Of a total of 2344 articles retrieved from eight databases, 5 studies met the inclusion criteria. All included studies showed the co-existence of some form of undernutrition and overnutrition within the same population. Overnutrition (overweight and obesity) in the studied populations ranged from 11.1% to 42% while undernutrition (stunting, wasting and underweight) ranged from 0.3% to 17%. Standard measures for anthropometry as determined by World Health Organization (WHO) were used for data collection in all included studies. A piloted form informed by the Cochrane Public Health Group Data Extraction and Assessment Template was used in the extraction of data from retrieved studies. Quality assessment of included studies was performed using the study assessment tools of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and showed that all studies were of fair quality. Interventions that simultaneously target more than one form of malnutrition especially amongst migrant and refugee populations must be implemented for policy solutions to be effective. This review has been registered by the PROSPERO international prospective registry for systematic reviews, reference CRD42020192416., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Published: 2022
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20. Medical waste management-related factors affecting health and experiences of health risks among medical waste handlers in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol of qualitative studies.

Author: Huda MN, Hailemariam TG, Hossain SZ, Malo JS, Khan S, Hadisuyatmana S, Ferdous A, Akombi-Inyang B, Islam RM, and Renzaho AMN
Subjects: Developing Countries, Humans, Qualitative Research, Review Literature as Topic, Systematic Reviews as Topic, Medical Waste, Waste Management
Abstract: Introduction: Medical waste management (MWM)-related factors affecting the health of medical waste handlers (MWHs) and their health risks in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) are an important public health concern. Although studies of MWM-related factors and health risks among MWHs in LMICs are available, literature remains undersynthesised and knowledge fragmented. This systematic review will provide a comprehensive synthesis of evidence regarding the individual, system and policy-level MWM-related factors that affect MWHs' health and their experiences of health risks in LMICs., Methods and Analysis: All qualitative studies published in peer-reviewed journals between 1 July 2011 and 30 June 2021 with full texts available and accessible will be included in the review. Seven specific electronic databases (eg, Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, CINAHL, ProQuest and PsycINFO) will be searched. Two authors will review the citations and full texts, extract data and complete the quality appraisal independently. A third reviewer will check discrepancies when a consensus cannot be reached on differences between the two reviewers. Data extraction will be conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute standardised data extraction form for qualitative research. The quality of articles will be assessed using a Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist. Results from eligible articles will be synthesised into a set of findings using the thematic framework analysis approach and will be reported according to the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research statement., Ethics and Dissemination: This review is based on published articles, which does not require ethical approval because there is no collection of primary data. Findings from this review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant public health conferences. This protocol has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO)., Prospero Registration Number: CRD42020226851., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
Published: 2022
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21. Association between intimate partner violence and male alcohol use and the receipt of perinatal care: Evidence from Nepal demographic and health survey 2011-2016.

Author: Akombi-Inyang B, Ghimire PR, Archibong E, Woolley E, and Razee H
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Emotional Abuse psychology, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Maternal Health Services, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Perinatal Care, Physical Abuse psychology, Sex Characteristics, Sex Offenses psychology, Young Adult, Alcoholism epidemiology, Emotional Abuse statistics & numerical data, Intimate Partner Violence statistics & numerical data, Patient Acceptance of Health Care statistics & numerical data, Physical Abuse statistics & numerical data, Sex Offenses statistics & numerical data
Abstract: The utilization of perinatal care services among women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) and male alcohol use is a major problem. Adequate and regular perinatal care is essential through the continuum of pregnancy to mitigate pregnancy and birth complications. The aim of this study is to determine the association between IPV and male alcohol use and the receipt of perinatal care in Nepal. This study used pooled data from 2011 and 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys (NDHS). A total of 3067 women who interviewed for domestic violence module and had most recent live birth 5 years prior surveys were included in the analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between IPV and male alcohol use and the receipt of perinatal care. Of the total women interviewed, 22% reported physical violence, 14% emotional violence, and 11% sexual violence. Women who were exposed to physical violence were significantly more likely to report non-usage of institutional delivery [adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 1.30 (95% Cl: 1.01, 1.68)] and skilled delivery assistants [aOR = 1.43 (95% Cl: 1.10, 1.88)]. Non-attendance of 4 or more skilled antenatal care visits was associated with a combination of alcohol use by male partner and exposure to emotional [aOR = 1.42 (95% Cl: 1.01, 2.00)] and physical violence [aOR = 1.39 (95% Cl: 1.03, 1.88)]. The negative association between IPV and perinatal care suggests it is essential to develop comprehensive community-based interventions which integrates IPV support services with other health services to increase the uptake of perinatal care through the continuum of pregnancy., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Published: 2021
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22. The Association between Post-Migration Nutrition and Lifestyle Transition and the Risk of Developing Chronic Diseases among Sub-Saharan African Migrants: A Mixed Method Systematic Review Protocol.

Author: Akombi-Inyang B, Huda MN, Schutte AE, Macniven R, Lin S, Rawstorne P, Xu X, and Renzaho A
Subjects: Africa South of the Sahara epidemiology, Australia, Chronic Disease, Humans, Systematic Reviews as Topic, Life Style, Research Design
Abstract: Sub-Saharan African (SSA) migrants face nutrition and lifestyle changes upon arrival in a host country. The shift in diet and lifestyle reflects post-migration acculturation and could predispose migrants to nutrition- and lifestyle- related chronic diseases. A mixed-methods systematic review of published studies and the grey literature on post-migration nutrition and lifestyle transition among SSA migrants will be undertaken. Studies published in English and conducted from 2000 to 2020 using quantitative and/or qualitative methods will be included. Ten bibliographic databases will be searched: Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, CINAHL, PubMed, ProQuest, PsycINFO, Informit and Web of Science. Data extraction will be informed by the Cochrane PROGRESS-Plus framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute manual. The quality of the included studies will be appraised for risk of bias using validated tools. An integrated approach to quantitative and qualitative data synthesis through data transformation will be undertaken, and a narrative synthesis of the findings will be provided. This protocol is guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines and provides insight into the scope and parameters of the systematic review to be conducted. The aim of the review is to evaluate the association between post-migration nutrition and lifestyle transition and the risk of developing chronic diseases among SSA migrants in Australia. This review will provide insight into possible areas for interventions to improve the health of migrants. Systematic Review Registration: The protocol was registered with the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews CRD42020206560.
Published: 2021
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22 results on '"Akombi-Inyang B."'

1. Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

2. Global, regional, and national mortality among young people aged 10–24 years, 1950–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

3. Long-Term Consumption of 10 Food Groups and Cardiovascular Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

4. Editorial: Prevention and management of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly in COVID-19 response

5. Editorial: Prevention and management of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly in COVID-19 response.

6. Global, regional, and national mortality among young people aged 10–24 years, 1950–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

7. Child Marriage in South Asia: A Systematic Review

8. Medical waste management-related factors affecting health and experiences of health risks among medical waste handlers in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review protocol of qualitative studies

9. Long-term consumption of ten food groups and cardiovascular mortality: A systematic review and dose response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

10. Association between intimate partner violence and male alcohol use and the receipt of perinatal care: Evidence from Nepal demographic and health survey 2011-2016

11. The association between post-migration nutrition and lifestyle transition and the risk of developing chronic diseases among sub-Saharan African migrants: A mixed method systematic review protocol

12. Global, regional, and national mortality among young people aged 10–24 years, 1950–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

13. Adolescent Pregnancy in South Asia: A Pooled Analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys.

14. Adolescent pregnancy in Mongolia: Evidence from Mongolia Social Indicator Sample Survey 2013-2018.

15. Editorial: Prevention and management of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly in COVID-19 response.

16. Long-Term Consumption of 10 Food Groups and Cardiovascular Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.

17. Child Marriage in South Asia: A Systematic Review.

18. Adolescent Pregnancy in South Asia: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.

19. Double burden of malnutrition among migrants and refugees in developed countries: A mixed-methods systematic review.

20. Medical waste management-related factors affecting health and experiences of health risks among medical waste handlers in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol of qualitative studies.

21. Association between intimate partner violence and male alcohol use and the receipt of perinatal care: Evidence from Nepal demographic and health survey 2011-2016.

22. The Association between Post-Migration Nutrition and Lifestyle Transition and the Risk of Developing Chronic Diseases among Sub-Saharan African Migrants: A Mixed Method Systematic Review Protocol.

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