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The ideas of optimization of constructive solutions of protective erections of nuclear power stations are presented. A problem of such optimization for the securing of nuclear and radiation safety for different regime of nuclear power stations exploitation, including extreme action, is very topical at present time. Modern home and international achievements on the considered subjects are demonstrated and modern demands, analysis methods, and problems of design of erections of nuclear power stations that give an opportunity to assure their safety exploitation under collision of flying objects are given as well. The results confirm wide opportunities of improvement of the constructive solutions of protective shells of reactor sections of nuclear power stations with the application of innovative materials that give the prospects to economize the material resources considerably and to raise the reliability and safety of exploitation of erections of nuclear power stations simultaneously.

Aims. The purpose of this work is to justify the reliability of the developed models of pile foundations on the data of field observers and to demonstrate the feasibility of using pile foundations to increase the stability and bearing capacity of the NPP structures foundation using the example of reactor building (RB). Methods. The data of field observers for the settlement of the RB are presented. The expressions for calculation of the static stiffness of the contact surface of the slab bottom and soil medium, as well as for pile foundations taking into account the effects of interaction of grillage and pile field with the soil media with a general character of displacement of a circular cross section pile are submitted. A spatial three-dimensional finite element static model of RB was developed together with the soil base. Isolines of vertical movements of RB fundamental slabs for natural foundations, as well as for pile foundations for normal operation are shown. A comparative analysis of the data of field observers with the calculation results allows us to justify the reliability of the developed model of the pile foundation. Results. The calculations of the foundation yield correspond to all the period of operation including construction, and the results of observations relate only to the period of operation that explain the difference. A comparative analysis of the data of field observers with the calculation results allows us to justify of the strong effectiveness of realization of pile foundation for the massive structures on soft soil bases.