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Background: The testes are the male reproductive glands and the homolog of the ovary in females performing critical functions. Pathologic conditions could arise from the testes and blunt or completely obliterate these functions leading to clinically overt or covert sequelae. The aim of this research is to study the pattern of histologically diagnosed testicular disease in relation to clinical features at the Jos University Teaching Hospital between January 2012 and December 31st, 2021. Methodology: This study is a retrospective analysis of all cases of testicular biopsies. All histologically diagnosed testicular lesions were identified from the departmental records and clinical data obtained further from the patients’ folder at the Medical Records Department. Results: Four hundred and thirty (430) biopsies were seen, of which 304 (70.7%) were orchidectomy specimens. The commonest histological diagnosis was testicular atrophy accounting for 328(76.3%) cases. Testicular torsion is followed by 42(9.8%) cases. Together, inflammatory conditions accounted for 36(8.4%) cases out of which granulomatous inflammation made up 52.3% of cases. There were 16(3.7%) neoplastic conditions all of which were malignant, out of which 6(37.5%) were seminomas. The age range, mean, median and modal age was 1-90 years, 53.4 +21.3years, 60 years and 70 years respectively. Prostatic carcinoma therapy in the form of bilateral orchidectomy was the major indication for surgery. Conclusion: The majority of testicular lesions in our locality are atrophies and most of these lesions are obtained as orchidectomies for therapy of prostatic cancer.

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection which commonly affects the intestine. Colonic polyps associated with intestinal schistosomiasis are not commonly reported in young people. Our case report describes a 20‑year‑old man from North‑Central Nigeria who presented with recurrent passage of loose, mucoid, bloody stool, and weight loss. His biochemical profile and stool tests were unremarkable. A colonoscopy showed multiple ulcers and polyps with ulcerated surfaces in the transverse and sigmoid colon. Histopathology revealed islands of colonic‑type mucosa containing numerous benign colonic glands in a densely inflamed lamina propria containing lymphocytes, eosinophils, and histiocytes, with numerous ova and calcified parasite bodies of Schistosoma. The patient was treated with praziquantel and showed marked clinical improvement.

Introduction: Ovarian cancer is the 8th most common cancer in women globally, and is responsible for majority of gynaecological cancer deaths. Epidemiological evidence suggests that steroid hormones are implicated in ovarian carcinogenesis, therefore a role for targeted hormonal therapies. Objectives: This study is aimed at determining the histopathological pattern of ovarian epithelial cancers and steroid hormone receptor expression at the Jos University Teaching Hospital between the 1st January 2004 and 31st December, 2013. Methods: This was a hospital based retrospective study of ovarian surface epithelial cancers. Patients' biodata were obtained from the hospital records and cancer registry. Tissue slides and blocks were retrieved from the archives. Specimens confirmed as epithelial ovarian cancers by Haematoxylin and Eosin were subjected to immunohistochemistry to demonstrate estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor positivity. Results: A total of 75 ovarian cancers were seen, 46 (61.3%) of which were epithelial ovarian cancers, out of which forty 40 (53.3% of ovarian cancers and 87% of epithelial ovarian cancers) cases met the inclusion criteria. The age range, mean age, median age and peak age at diagnosis were: 20 to 75 years; 45.43±14.46 years; 46 years and fifth decade of life respectively. Serous carcinoma was the most common histological subtype accounting for 25(62.5%) cases. The high grades (grades 2 and 3) were commoner in all the histological subtypes. Estrogen positivity was seen in 17 (42.5%) and progesterone positivity in 29 (72.5%) of the cancers. Conclusion: Serous adenocarcinoma, the commonest histological variants of ovarian cancers in this study, exhibits higher expression of estrogen receptor and showed significant correlation between ER expression and the serous histological morphology

Background: Breast cancer remains the major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality among women globally. The risk of breast cancer increases with advancing age. Screening programs have been demonstrated to significantly reduce breast cancer mortality. Aim: The main objective was to assess risk perception and acceptance of mammogram as a screening tool for the early detection of breast cancer among female nurses working in three tertiary health facilities in the city of Jos. The study also determined the factors that impede the acceptance of mammogram. Materials and Methods: Self‑administered semi‑structured questionnaires were administered at random to 450 female nurses across the three tertiary health facilities in the city of Jos. The questionnaires were structured into six sections, namely sociodemographic, knowledge of the risk of breast cancer, mammogram use and acceptance barriers to the use of mammogram, and possible obstacles to the utilization of mammogram. The resources were scored and graded accordingly. Results: A total of 450 nurses participated with the median age of the participants as 28 years (23–39), 66.7% were younger than 35 years of age, and 54.4% were single. The educational background showed that 53.6% had bachelor’s degrees and the remaining had diplomas (46.4%). On risk perception, only 40.7% of the respondents had a good perception of risk factors for breast cancer, while 59.3% had a poor perception. Only 52 (11.6%) of the 450 participants have ever had a form of the mammogram. Conclusion: The study showed that less than half of the respondents had a good perception on the risk of breast cancer and also the rate mammogram acceptance was very low.

Lipoma is the commonest soft tissue tumour and ubiquitous in distribution.The gastrointestinal tract is a rare site for this neoplasm.This 38 years old patient presented to the surgical emergency unit of the Jos University Teaching Hospital with features of intestinal obstruction which was confirmed by plain abdominal X-ray. Patient was resuscitated and had exploratory laparotomy. At surgery,a dilated,oedematous,and pale segment of ileum was seen measuring 56cm in length and 10cm short of the ileo-caecal junction, where an obstruction had occurred.The distal segment was collapsed.A limited right hemi-colectomy was done with ileocolic anastomosis.Specimen received at the Histopathology Laboratory consisted of 45cm of the ileum,the caecum,appendix,and proximal 25cm of the colon in continuity.There was stenosis affecting the distal 30cm of the ileum.The wall of the stenosed part of ileum had intramural fat at the sub-serosal locale. Histology confirmed the presence of sheets of matured adipocytes between the muscularispropria and serosa.Patient condition improved and was discharged seven days after surgery.This case is reported five months after surgery.We recommend that lipoma be at all times considered in the differential diagnosis of intestinal obstruction.Keywords: Subserosal lipoma,ileal stenosis,intestinal obstruction