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Numerous studies have proven the resilience of Islamic banks in the face of the economic crisis that struck the American banking sector in the beginning, which affected, to varying degrees, European banks and other banks around the world. Since many academic researches have emphasized the importance of the role that administrative mechanisms play in the life of the institution, whatever the sector it belongs to, we have to ask if it is really the administrative characteristics of Islamic banks that have positively affected the productive efficiency of Islamic banks, enabling them to withstand the crisis. So this research is based on studying the efficiency of Islamic banks and evaluating the efficacy of the peculiarities of their administrative mechanisms and their support for their effectiveness compared to conventional banks based on a new indicator that we will, God willing, establish. To reach this goal, we will, in a first stage, reformulate the Directional Technology Distance Function, taking into consideration the peculiarities of the bank's administrative mechanisms. In a second stage, and based on the new formula of the function, we will republish the Luenberger Productivity Index in Islamic Banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world is facing the most severe economic crisis it has seen in decades. This crisis originated in the financial sector of developed economies and was caused by the problem of subprime mortgages and the collapse of mortgage-backed securities in the United States. The financial crisis had immediate repercussions in developing countries which were closely linked to global financial markets through the flight of capital to safe havens and the rapid flight of capital from emerging market economies to advanced economies, in particular the States. -United. At the same time, the world's population is hit by a food crisis, energy crisis, climate change, poverty and uncertainty about the future. Despite their economic size, the industrialized countries fell into recession. Developing countries will be more affected by this crisis. Trade and investment liberalization erode domestic agriculture and industry. People in developing countries are noticing a decline in development assistance due to financial difficulties around the world. The objective of this article is to propose an initial assessment of the effects of the financial and economic crisis on developing countries and in particular on third Mediterranean countries, the conclusions and the main recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has been an attempt to discuss the major drawbacks encountered in cross-cultural research at epistemological and methodological levels. We maintain that many of the disadvantages of cross-cultural research reside in the place of epistemology on the hinge of methodological approaches. The objective of this paper is to emphasize the link between epistemology and methodological issues. Based on the literature that has dealt with this subject, the major drawbacks will be presented with some avenues for improvement for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose an ethical compass to guide the work of HR management in particular tasks where the damage is done to another human being in order to achieve the greatest result. This compass shows the need for organizations to develop responses that protect the well-being of the organization, the victims, and the managers in order to respond to the ethical questions that HRM raises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article focuses on the presence of contagion effects during the Subprime crisis. It presents a test on the non-linearity of the mechanisms spreading shocks that is interpreted with model of long term interdependence. It informs of application of this methodology to the stock market and analyzes that France, Germany, UK and Japan are contaminated by contagion effects.

The article presents information on the disorientation of the financial system and the economy of the European Union due to the financial and economic crisis since 1930. The financial crisis has affected the public finances and the credibility of the currency of the countries in the Euro Zone. Information on the political construction of the European Union and the impact of the referendums of France and the Netherlands on the Constitution of Europe is also presented.