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Vehicle Ad-hoc network (VANET) have sensing nodes moving with different speeds. The vehicular cloud is a group of vehicles communicating with each other to share the resources provided from the central cloud. The end-to-end throughput for multi-hop wireless network is analysed in this paper using a set of non-linear equations. The interference due to the hidden nodes and the neighbouring nodes is considered into computing the end-to-end throughput. The contention graph is used to clarify the connection among the nodes into the network to find the capacity of the individual links to facilitate estimating the end-to-end throughput. Effect of the cloud on the end-to-end throughput is also illustrated in this paper. The results show that the throughput with employing cloud is lower than that without using the cloud.

In this paper a computational scheme is presented for accurately predicting the farfield amplitude and phase characteristics of Global Positioning System (GPS) antennas flush-mounted to a corrugated groundplane. The algorithm developed is particularly well-suited in beamshaping of (GPS) antennas in order to provide a high level of multipath rejection. The usefulness of the analytical model has been verified by the excellent agreement achieved between experimental data and predicted amplitude and phase patterns.

A low‐profile (28 mm × 32 mm × 0.394 mm), metamaterial‐inspired antenna employing an array of 3 × 5 Hilbert‐shaped unit radiators printed on the upper side of a flexible dielectric substrate while the lower side contains a partial‐ground plane and the rest consists of a periodic square‐slotted ground plane is presented for wearable wireless devices covering Long‐Term Evolution (LTE), Long Term Evolution‐Advanced (LTE‐A), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) bands. The antenna provides steerable radiation patterns for frequencies ranging from 3.3 to 3.9 GHz and a directive end‐fire radiation in the 5.8 GHz band. At 2.45 GHz, the antenna allows short‐range communications between a wearable sensor and handheld wireless device or a nearby base station. Two prototypes are fabricated; the first using traditional wet etching with copper; the second using inkjet printing with silver nano‐particles (SNPs) as the conducting material. We provide a systematic design procedure and a new physical insight into the operation of the antenna, in particular the end‐fire radiation patterns, which is based on the anisotropic dispersion characteristics of the radiating structure along the length axis leading to different effective electrical length to width ratios within the stopband. The realized gain varies from 0 to 2.5 dBi for frequencies ranging from 3.3 to 3.9 GHz where the 3‐dB beamwidth varies from 110° to 140° and the boresight is steered from 0° to 80°. The maximum realized gain varies from 4.75 to 4.5 dBi over the frequency range from 4.4 to 6 GHz, with slight change in the beamwidth and main lobe direction. Experimental measurements for the SNP prototype are reported in air and on a standard phantom model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a project‐based learning pedagogy for undergraduate mechanical engineering students which integrates traditional hardware‐based laboratory with LabVIEW to control the angular position, velocity, and acceleration of AC servo motors of a six‐degree of freedom manipulator. The proposed experimental modules have been proved to be very effective in assisting teams of undergraduate students within the Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering at the University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, who have used the modules in designing a new mechanical structure of a robot during their capstone design project. The proposed pedagogy inspired undergraduate students to publish their first paper based on the outcomes of their project. The focus on this paper is to present how the students' learning experience has been significantly enforced and their role in developing the modules introduced in this paper. Three modules are presented; the first configures a timer to generate a signal that drives the servo motors. The second drives the servo motor to a specific angular position with a constant angular velocity. Finally, the third is used to control the servo motor to follow any desired angular position, velocity, and acceleration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]