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Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) is an airborne bacterial infection that can be deadly if not treated. PTB is most common in developing countries, ecologically problematic, where it kills about 1 million people each year. Pulmonary tuberculosis is a dreaded disease that can have a devastating impact on its victims. Tuberculosis is a serious respiratory infection caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It commonly affects the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body, such as the kidney, spine and brain. This review article discusses the PTB risks and challenges word wide. The global burden of TB remains high, with approximately one-third of the world's population being infected with the bacterium. Overall, more needs to be done to improve the management of TB worldwide in order to ensure that no person is left to suffer from the devastating effects of this disease.

In case-control research, the impact of Obesity and oxidative stress on the emergence of infertility in women was examined. From October to February 2022, I examined 150 clinical samples of women, all female and aged (at childbearing age). Two groups of patients were formed: the first group contained 60 patients with obesity-related infertility in women and 60 patients with non-obesity-related infertility in women. In contrast, the second group contained 30 control subjects who were fertile. Saline blood From each patient, samples were taken. This study adhered to the same ethical standards as the accepted patients who visited the Infertility Center at AL-Sader Medical City in the province of AL-Najaf. Using a gel tube, 3 ml of venous blood was placed to separate the serum and calculate the catalase (CAT), Level of the enzyme Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) Infertility in Women patients’ serum concentrations of Catalase (CAT), SOD and GPx was found to be significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) than those of control women. The findings showed a positive correlation with significant differences between catalase andSOD AND GPX, sex hormone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin ana Teststerone respectively.

This study examines the impact of nanoparticles of copper sulfate pentahydrate and potash alum on bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) that were isolated from patients with bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs). Bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common infections that occur in both outpatient clinics and nosocomial (hospitalacquired) settings, affecting individuals of all age groups. From a clinical perspective, the differentiation between uncomplicated and complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) has proven to be advantageous. The coordination between the host's defense mechanisms and bacterial virulence factors plays a crucial role in shaping the progression of an infection. Simple urinary tract infections (UTIs) are typically managed solely with medicines, but complex UTIs necessitate extra treatment to address the underlying factors contributing to the infection. The bacteria, specifically Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were isolated and purified between January and June 2023 using urine samples. The purpose was to assess the effectiveness and inhibitory properties of copper sulfate pentahydrate and potash alum nanoparticles against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The rapid emergence and widespread dissemination of antibiotic resistance are the primary drawbacks of contemporary antibiotic treatment. Various interventions can be implemented to mitigate this trend. Minimize the administration of antibiotics, maintain accurate dosing, prevent infections, and develop innovative chemical substances for antibiotic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]