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Purpose: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in the Saudi Arabia, and over 50% of the cases are detected at a late stage. This study aimed to estimate population attributable risk percentage (PAR%) of modifiable lifestyle risk factors for breast cancer in Saudi Arabia. Patients and Methods: A secondary analysis of previously published papers was performed. Relative risks (RR) and odds ratios (OR) were obtained from published international epidemiological studies, and the prevalence of each risk factor in Saudi Arabia was obtained from various sources (eg, national surveys and published literature) to calculate PAR%. A nomogram was used to visually translate the RRs/ORs and their prevalence into PAR% using a practical tool. Results: Seven modifiable lifestyle risk factors for breast cancer were identified in Saudi Arabia. The identified risk factors included lack of physical activity (sedentary lifestyle), oral contraception (current use), obesity (postmenopausal), hormone replacement therapy (current use), passive smoking, age at first birth (≥ 35 years), and tobacco smoking (current or daily smoking). The PAR% for these risk factors ranged from 0.5% for tobacco smoking to 23.1% for a lack of physical activity. Few modifiable lifestyle risk factors were excluded from this study, due to limited nor unavailable data in Saudi Arabia (eg, alcohol consumption, breastfeeding patterns and childbearing patterns, obesity according to menopausal status, and night-shift work). Conclusion: Physical inactivity has the most significant modifiable health impact and is a major risk factor for breast cancer. Removing this risk factor would reduce the prevalence of breast cancer in the Saudi population by 23%. There is an immense need to prioritize cancer control strategies based on local needs, current data on cancer risk factors, and the disease burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing consciousness among Muslim scholars of feminist scholars' tendency to generalize and make unwarranted assumptions regarding the position of women in the Muslim World. Western feminists have not succeeded in their assumed mission to "rescue" Third World women. This article is written in response to Chandra Mohanty's "Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses" (1988, 1991). The problems that Western scholars face if attempting to promote Third World women's rights include the failure of some campaigns by Western feminists through analyzing some of the Western feminism limitation in areas such as the geopolitics, especially the history of colonialism, and cultural and religious specificities of these Third World societies. This article analyzes problems that Western scholars face when attempting to participate in calling for Third World women's rights, following Mohanty identification of three main problematic analytic principles. There is a tendency to universalize values such as freedom and agency, coupled with a misunderstanding of the meaning of social and religious conventions such as the wearing of the veil or headscarf. Furthermore, investigation of issues facing Muslim women is complicated by the fact that Western feminists are consistently seen as a threat and an indirect way to colonize this part of the world. The article concludes that the key to building new understanding is to avoid the tendency to essentialize or totalize the experience of women of an unfamiliar culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metanarrative techniques in Ian McEwan's latest novel, Sweet Tooth, challenge our conception of literature by creating and destroying illusions of reality. The metanarrative subtly challenges Roland Barthes' notion of "the death of the author" by offering an alternative--the death or dissolution of the subject--which permits the survival and persistence of the author as a distinct voice within the narrative. An idealized but ultimately untenable examination of the nature and purpose of fiction is presented. The novel radically reexamines the role of author, subject, and reader, culminating in an evolved and emergent vision of the author. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mohsin Hamid's 2007 novel The Reluctant Fundamentalist offers a new and innovative framework through which post-9/11 Eastern/Western relationships and prejudices can be re-examined. By avoiding the 'mimetic' quality of many literary works written in the Western tradition, Hamid succeeds in radically displacing and dispelling assumptions regarding these cultural interactions. In so doing, the narrative forces the creation of a nascent understanding not limited by previous preconceptions even as the precise content and objectives of this remain elusive and open to debate. Political and literary constructs are applied to an understanding of Hamid's work, the outcome being a heightened awareness of a shared culpability and injury regarding the type of discrimination generalized under the label of Islamophobia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Handling depression is one of the greatest challenges facing pregnant women across the globe. The level of antenatal depression and anxiety has a prevalence rate of above five percent but less than twelve. Escalated depression has been associated with increasing maternal and infant mortality because of the development of secondary disorders such as preeclampsia and other obstetric-related conditions. The objective of this review was to determine the relationship that exists between depression and anxiety and preeclampsia in early pregnancy. The present paper draws conclusions on the etiology and potential predisposing factors of preeclampsia based on the studies consulted which ascertained the existence of a correlation between antenatal anxiety and depression and preeclampsia which should serve as the baseline for the assessment of the pathogenesis and future direction, the existing literature has [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topical and systemic corticosteroids are the most effective medical treatment for nasal polyps, this study aims to systematically explore the efficacy and safety of mometasone furoate (MTF) for patients with nasal polyps (NP). The systematic review was conducted following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and was registered in The International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO.) Data were extracted from relevant and appropriate randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of synthetic corticosteroids for patients with nasal polyps from PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Science Direct, encompassing studies published between January 1995 and July 2024. A total of 834 publications were found based on the search criteria. Around 1,710 patients were reviewed for this systematic review from full full-text articles. Primary outcomes include a change in polyp size (assessed by total polyp size scores), and nasal congestion (assessed by measuring changes from baseline in nasal congestion/obstruction scores). secondary outcomes consist of nasal symptoms, including loss of smell, anterior rhinorrhea, postnasal drip, quality of life outcomes, and adverse events. Mometasone furoate nasal spray (MFNS) significantly improves nasal symptoms and reduces nasal polyp size for patients with nasal polyps (NP)., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Mohya et al.)