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Objective: Increased extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) production is associated with higher rates of community-acquired strains in urinary tract infections (UTI) leading to an increase in the resistance rates, duration of treatment and costs. We aimed to investigate the resistance rates of ESBL-positive urine culture strains in our clinic, reviewed the literature and analysed antibiotics used in UTI treatment in outpatients in Turkiye. Materials and Methods: 2913 patients who were admitted to the outpatient clinics of Maltepe University Faculty of Medicine and Başkent University Faculty of Medicine were evaluated retrospectively. Data on prescribed antibiotics in outpatients with the diagnosis of UTI from all cities of Turkiye were collected through the Turkish Ministry of Health, Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency. Results: Out of 563 ESBL-positive (19.3%) urine culture isolates, 450 (79.9%) were Escherichia coli and 89 (15.8%) were Klebsiella sp. Resistance rates were as follows: 98.8% to cefuroxime, 67.6% to ciprofloxacin, 12.5% to fosfomycin, 8.7% to amikacin, 1.4% to meropenem and 15% to nitrofurantoin. The most commonly prescribed antibiotics were ciprofloxacin (22.25%), fosfomycin (21.10%) and nitrofurantoin (12.82%). Conclusion: Our study suggests that the antibiotic resistance rates of most antibiotics prescribed for UTI in Turkiye are above the suggested rate of 10-20% to be used as empirical therapy. Updating and dissemination of guidelines for UTI in the light of antibiotic prescribing and resistance surveillance studies will contribute to the rational use of antibiotics in Turkiye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in women of reproductive age group who are referred to our hospital. Material and Methods: Toxoplasma Ig M and Ig G antibodies of 15-49 year old women who admitted to Maltepe University Medical Faculty Hospital Microbiology Laboratory between January 2011 and September 2016 were analyzed by macro ELISA (Architect, Abbott, USA). Results: Ig M positivity was detected in 18 (0.94%) of the 1923 serum samples while 6 (0.31%) samples were in border-line range. Toxoplasma IgG positivity was detected in 413 (21.58%) of the 1913 serum samples while 20 (1.04%) samples were in border-line range. When the distribution of toxoplasma IgM positivity according to ages was examined, positivity was found at 24-39 age range. Conclusion: The low seropositivity rates suggests that screening for Toxoplasma antibodies before and during pregnancy will be effective. In addition to informing the women of childbearing age about protection from the disease, physicians should be informed about evaluation of the tests and follow up during pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]