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Soil contamination presents a significant hazard to both ecosystems and human well-being. Therefore, there is a need for cost-effective and environmentally friendly approaches to decontaminate polluted soils. Soil remediation involves the treatment of contaminated land to enhance soil quality, safeguarding public health and the ecosystem. Among the promising technologies for remediating soils contaminated with various substances, including inorganic, organic, and mixed contaminants, is electrochemical remediation. Electroremediation (ER) is an in-situ method that employs low direct electric current among electrodes fixed in contaminated soils to create an electric field. This review paper examines the advancements made in recent years in electrochemical remediation as an effective method for decontaminating polluted soil. The discussion begins by exploring electrochemical remediation, followed by the classification of contamination types in soil. The focus then shifts to the application of electrochemical treatment methods for removing heavy metals and organic contaminants from the soil. Additionally, the paper highlights recent progress in the exploration of integrating electrochemical treatment with other remediation techniques, such as phytoremediation and bioremediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the composition of borage (Borago officinalis L.) seed oil, this research was performed under the field conditions at Shahriyar and Garmsar zones, Iran during the 2012 planting year. The oil yield of borage was 31.46% and 33.7% at Shahriyar and Garmsar zone, respectively, and nine and eight fatty acids were identified in the seed oil of borage at Shahriyar and Garmsar, respectively - palmitic, linoleic, stearic and γ-linolenic acids were dominant in the seed oil of borage from both zones. Unsaturated fatty acid content was more than the saturated fatty acids in both zones. The ratio of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid in the borage cultivated at Shahriyar and Garmsar zones was 2.13 and 2.29. The fatty acid profile of Garmsar borage, oleic and oleic/linoleic acid ratio, increased. Locations with different ecological conditions resulted in changes in both seed oil content and fatty acid profile of borage.

The laboratory experiment was a factorial based on a Completely Randomized Design with four replications during 2005. Factors included two irrigation levels (normal irrigation (irrigation after 60 mm evaporation from class a pan) and less irrigation in padding stage and after it) and six winter cultivars (Licord, Okapi, Orient, SLMO64, Zarfam and Opera). The seeds used in this experiment produced under less irrigation (moderate drought stress) and they were three months in storage. The seed vigor was tested in laboratory experiment by three vigor tests, including Standard Germination test, cold test, Accelerated Ageing Test. Result showed that the accelerated aging test had significant differences on all of character in this study. Mean Comparing, showed canola cultivars had significant effect on Root/ Shoot ratio, abnormal seedling, hard seed, seedling fresh weight, MTG and FGP. Less irrigation levels had significant effect on total and shoot length, ratio root/shoot length and MTG.