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In order to enhance the fitness of the product and in order to improve productivity in turning operations, greater amount of challenges have been faced. In this paper, we have made a comparative analysis of HSS and carbide coated HSS drills while machining with H13 steel plates. For the drilling operation, process parameters were analysed using the Taguchi design of experiments. The response performance characteristics of surface roughness of H13 die steel plates for the drilling settings, cutting speed (rpm), and feed rate (mm/min) is optimized. The design of the experiment was conducted using the Taguchi technique for the L18 orthogonal array, and an analysis of variance was observed. The effect of drilling settings on the quality of drilled holes is examined; variation in surface roughness for various levels of speed and feed and the different combinations of these levels will form an L18 orthogonal array design of experiment by Taguchi analysis. A total of 36 cutting tests were performed with two different drill bits; here three different cutting speeds of 300, 600, and 900 rpm were taken with a feed rate of 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06 mm/rev combinations. The response of SN ratio for surface roughness of HSS and carbide tool has been found out for different levels of speed and feed. From this Taguchi analysis, it is identified that the optimal parameter. As a result, the factors are analysed, and optimized parameters have been concluded for H13 material using HSS, and carbide tools were examined both statistically and experimentally. The carbide coated drill bit gives 60% better surface roughness value based on experimental data obtained. The surface roughness value based on experimentation for HSS tool was found to be 34.16% and carbide coated drill bit was 23.40%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an approach is presented for the demand-side management of residential loads in the urban areas of Pakistan using a battery storage system at the feeder level. The proposed storage system will be installed by a private distributor to supply affordable electricity during peak hours. The experimental data used to carry out this research work are the Pakistan Residential Energy Consumption (PRECON) data set. The households of the data set are categorized based on electric power usage through K-means clustering. The clusters are expanded for feeder synthesis to represent small-scale, medium-scale, and large-scale consumption. This expansion is performed through uniform distribution in a Monte Carlo simulation. The techno-economic analysis for the installation of a battery storage system is carried out for each feeder using SAM. The results of the research project elucidated that the load factors of the feeders representing small-scale, medium-scale, and large-scale consumption improved by 1%, 6%, and 7% by using the optimally sized batteries of 50 kW (670 kWh), 90 kW (1207 kWh), and 100 kW (1360 kWh), respectively. The distributor profit and the consumer utility bill savings ranged from US$12 k to US$25 k. The results proved the validity of the used approach to simultaneously reduce the consumer bill, maximize the distributor profit, and improve the feeder load factor. The novelty of this work lies in the location and in the way the system modeling has been performed with limited data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to enhance the fitness of the product and in order to improve productivity in turning operations, greater amount of challenges have been faced. In this paper, we have made a comparative analysis of HSS and carbide coated HSS drills while machining with H13 steel plates. For the drilling operation, process parameters were analysed using the Taguchi design of experiments. The response performance characteristics of surface roughness of H13 die steel plates for the drilling settings, cutting speed (rpm), and feed rate (mm/min) is optimized. The design of the experiment was conducted using the Taguchi technique for the L18 orthogonal array, and an analysis of variance was observed. The effect of drilling settings on the quality of drilled holes is examined; variation in surface roughness for various levels of speed and feed and the different combinations of these levels will form an L18 orthogonal array design of experiment by Taguchi analysis. A total of 36 cutting tests were performed with two different drill bits; here three different cutting speeds of 300, 600, and 900 rpm were taken with a feed rate of 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06 mm/rev combinations. The response of SN ratio for surface roughness of HSS and carbide tool has been found out for different levels of speed and feed. From this Taguchi analysis, it is identified that the optimal parameter. As a result, the factors are analysed, and optimized parameters have been concluded for H13 material using HSS, and carbide tools were examined both statistically and experimentally. The carbide coated drill bit gives 60% better surface roughness value based on experimental data obtained. The surface roughness value based on experimentation for HSS tool was found to be 34.16% and carbide coated drill bit was 23.40%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greywater is the most sustainable option to address the growing need for fresh water. This study aimed to identify the optimal operation variables of an electro-coagulation filtration (ECF) system for treating domestic greywater, using different conditions (e.g., different electrode combinations (Al-Fe-Al-Fe), initial pH (6.8–8.4), operating time (10–60 min), and voltage (6–24 volts)). A statistical data analysis was performed to evaluate the experimental conditions for modeling the chemical oxygen demand (COD), the total dissolved solids (TDSs), turbidity, and chloride removal effectiveness, almost ranging from (85 to 94%), respectively, with energy consumption using the response surface methodology (RSM) and the ANOVA test. When comparing the experimental and predicted model values, it was proved that the model fairly describes the experimental values with the R2 values determined >0.99 for COD, TDSs, turbidity, chloride, and energy consumption, suggesting a regression sustainability of the model. The sludge properties were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and FTIR spectroscopy, which indicated the removal of organic matter during the ECF, similar in composition, independently of the different applied voltage values used. The results of this study suggest the ECF significantly reduces the pollutants load in greywater, showing the aluminum-iron-based electrodes as a viable option to treat greywater with optimal operational costs ranging from (0.12 to 0.4) US$ m−3 under different voltage conditions and parameters. This study establishes a path for greywater treatment technology that is economical and environmentally responsible for wastewater management that leads to sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)based composites with well dispersed nano fillers were fabricated and compared in terms of dielectric, mechanical, and optical properties. Specifically, NiO and CuO nano-fillers were utilized in a range of 0.2–0.6 wt% for thin film fabrication by solution deposition method. The characterization of nanocomposites was confirmed through FTIR, FESEM, and XRPD, whereas dielectric and mechanical properties were analyzed with respect to the filler concentrations. The bandgap of PVA/nano-filler composites reduced with an increase in NiO and CuO concentration from 0.2 to 0.6 wt%. The increase in the permittivity of the material was observed for 6 wt% of nano-fillers. The toughness of PVA/nano-filler composites was improved by increasing CuO and NiO concentration and Young's modulus of 30.9 and 27.2 MPa for 0.6 wt% of NiO and CuO-based nanocomposite, respectively, was observed. The addition of nano-fillers showed improved optical, dielectric, and mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For efficient and robust information exchange in the vehicular adhoc network, a secure and trusted incentive reward is needed to avoid and reduce the intensity of misbehaving nodes and congestion especially in the case where the periodic beacons exploit the channel. In addition, we cannot be sure that all vehicular nodes eagerly share their communication assets to the system for message dissemination without any rewards. Unfortunately, there may be some misbehaving nodes and due to their selfish and greedy approach, these nodes may not help others on the network. To deal with this challenge, trust-based misbehavior avoidance schemes are generally reflected as the capable resolution. In this paper, we employed a fair incentive mechanism for cooperation aware vehicular communication systems. In order to deploy a comprehensive credit based rewarding scheme, the proposed reward-based scheme fully depends on secure and reliable cryptographic procedures. In order to achieve the security goals, we used the cryptographic scheme to generate a certified public key for the authenticity of every message exchange over the network. We evaluated the friction of misbehaving vehicles and the effect of rewarding schemes in context with honest messages dissemination over the network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicone rubber is a promising insulating material that has been performing well for different insulating and dielectric applications. However, in outdoor applications, environmental stresses cause structural and surface degradations that diminish its insulating properties. This effect of degradation can be reduced with the addition of a suitable filler to the polymer chains. For the investigation of structural changes and hydrophobicity four different systems were fabricated, including neat silicone rubber, a micro composite (with 15% micro-silica filler), and nanocomposites (with 2.5% and 5% nanosilica filler) by subjecting them to various hydrothermal conditions. In general, remarkable results were obtained by the addition of fillers. However, nanocomposites showed the best resistance against the applied stresses. In comparison to neat silicone rubber, the stability of the structure and hydrophobic behavior was better for micro-silica, which was further enhanced in the case of nanocomposites. The inclusion of 5% nanosilica showed the best results before and after applying aging conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]