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The isolation of human monoclonal antibodies is providing important insights into the specificities that underlie broad neutralization of HIV-1 (reviewed in ref. 1). Here we report a broad and extremely potent HIV-specific monoclonal antibody, termed 35O22, which binds a novel HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) epitope. 35O22 neutralized 62% of 181 pseudoviruses with a half-maximum inhibitory concentration ([IC.sub.50]), Induction of a potent neutralizing antibody response capable of recognizing highly diverse isolates of HIV-1 is one of the most important goals of HIV vaccine research. This represents a considerable [...]

Objective To evaluate PRP for scalp hair restoration. Methods PRP Preparation Technique: Blood samples of 20 ml were taken utilizing EDTA tubes from the patients. Centrifugation 3000 Rev 1-3 minutes. PRP was prepared with plasma 2 ml (0.5 ml from each 4 tubes), activator 0.5 ml and lignocaine 0.5 ml; total 3 ml. With one centimeter distance approximately 15-20 injections were administered subcutaneously. Interval between four sessions was every two weeks, booster was given every three months. For medical treatment finasteride and minoxidil were given. The data was collected on a predesigned proforma and analyzed using SPSS and Excel software applications. Results In this study, total 147 consecutive PRP sessions were performed on 46 patients. The age range was from 19 years to 61 years. There were 37 male and 9 female patients in this study. With this technique of PRP, scalp hair stopped falling, hair became stronger, regrowth of hair was satisfactory. The results showed satisfaction level up to 90%. Conclusion We recommend our method of PRP preparation technique and time interval between each PRP session. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Traditionally closed nasal tip rhinoplasty was used for minor tip problems. Albeit with infinite individual variations the open tip rhinoplasty procedures include cartilage excision with or without pocket graft s, suturing of the alar cartilages and a columellar strut and tip graft. Purpose of the study: This study is to evaluate the most advance, minimal invasive closed tip rhinoplasty techniques performed either as combined procedure with septo-rhinoplasty or isolated nasal tip rhinoplasty under local anesthetic as an ambulatory procedure. Study design: Cross sectional observational study. Sett ing: Independent University Hospital, Faisalabad, Faisal Hospital, Faisalabad, Manzar Medical Centre, Faisalabad. Period: The study period started from July 2016 to June 2019 Material and Methods: Independent University Hospital, Faisalabad. Total 20 patients, Septorhinoplasty with tiprhinoplasty in16-patients and only tip rhinoplasty in 4 cases. Faisal Hospital, Peoples Colony, Faisalabad. Total 36-patients, Septorhinoplasty with tip rhinoplasty in 5 patients and tip rhinoplasty in 31-cases. Manzar Medical Centre, Faisalabad. Total 10-patients, Septo-rhinoplasty with tip-rhinoplasty in 2-patients and tip-rhinoplasty in 8 cases. Minimum age patient was 8-years, maximum age 50-years with a mean age 32-years. The total number patients included in this study were 66 where 43(65%) patient underwent tip-rhinoplasty only. The techniques used for closed nasal tip-rhinoplasty were T zone excision, trans-columellar transcutaneous suture, columellar sliding, Serdev suture technique for nasal tip narrowing and alar base narrowing. Results: The surgeon and patient satisfaction level achieved by using visual analogue scoring system at 3 months and 6 months post-operative interval were: IUH Faisalabad:90%, Faisal Hospital, Faisalabad: 90%, Manzar Medical Centre, Faisalabad: 60%. The total number of patients were 66. There were 14 male and 52 female patients in this study. Complications observed were fibrosis 1, suture extrusion 4, minor lump 2, further modification/improvement within 6-months in 2-patients. Conclusion: Nasal tip cosmetic rhinoplasty is a work of art. By using advance minimally invasive techniques for closed nasal tip-rhinoplasty such as T zone excision, columellar sliding, Serdev suture technique for nasal tip and alar base narrowing achieved excellent result. We recommend these techniques, because, these procedures are a-traumatic, scarless, highly satisfactory, improve psychology, quick to perform as an ambulatory procedure under local anesthetic and does not require external plaster splint or nasal tampons post-operatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many successful vaccines induce persistent antibody responses that can last a lifetime. The mechanisms by which they do so remain unclear, but emerging evidence indicates that they activate dendritic cells via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) (1,2). For example, the yellow fever vaccine YF-17D, one of the most successful empiric vaccines ever developed (3), activates dendritic cells via multiple TLRs to stimulate proinflammatory cytokines (4,5). Triggering specific combinations of TLRs in dendritic cells can induce synergistic production of cytokines (6), which results in enhanced T-cell responses, but its impact on antibody responses remain unknown. Learning the critical parameters of innate immunity that program such antibody responses remains a major challenge in vaccinology. Here we demonstrate that immunization of mice with synthetic nanoparticles containing antigens plus ligands that signal through TLR4 and TLR7 induces synergistic increases in antigen-specific, neutralizing antibodies compared to immunization with nanoparticles containing antigens plus a single TLR ligand. Consistent with this there was enhanced persistence of germinal centres and of plasma-cell responses, which persisted in the lymph nodes for > 1.5 years. Surprisingly, there was no enhancement of the early short-lived plasma-cell response relative to that observed with single TLR ligands. Molecular profiling of activated B cells, isolated 7 days after immunization, indicated that there was early programming towards B-cell memory. Antibody responses were dependent on direct triggering of both TLRs on B cells and dendritic cells, as well as on T-cell help. Immunization protected completely against lethal avian and swine influenza virus strains in mice, and induced robust immunity against pandemic H1N1 influenza in rhesus macaques., We designed a nanoparticle-based vaccine, similar to a virus in size and composition. A biodegradable synthetic polymer, poly(D,L-lacticco-glycolic acid) (PLGA) (7), was used to synthesize ~300-nM-sized nanoparticles containing the TLR [...]

Objective Ageing process and gravity are the mainstay of etiological factor resulting in facial wrinkles. There are two types of wrinkles on the face; dynamic and static. Most of the wrinkles are distributed on the frontal view of the face and neck and treatment options depends on location and types of wrinkles. The face is divided into three parts; upper, middle and lower third. Invariably, the client desire is to treat these wrinkles non surgically, moreover the surgical procedures do not address these frontal, periorbital and particularly glabellar facial wrinkles. This study aim for various types facial wrinkles distributed on the upper face are dynamic i.e. forehead area, glabellar or frown winkles and periorbital wrinkles including crow's feet, nose (bunny lines) etc. The static wrinkles are distributed over the lower part of face includes nasolabial folds, marionette lines, perioral wrinkles etc.1 The present study therefore aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety and to present results with new innovative office based non surgical cosmetic surgery procedures. Material and Methods We have treated 155 clients in Faisal Hospital, Faisalabad with facial wrinkles during three years period from Jan 2015 to Dec 2017. This is a prospective cross sectional randomized observational study. The treatment modalities applied on these clients includes botulinum toxin, hyaluronic acid dermal fillers. It is quite common in our practice using techniques of platelet rich plasma (PRP), RF microdermabrasion, chemical peelings and photoepilation (LASER/IPL) etc. for the facial rejuvenation. Results The results achieved with these innovative office based techniques are highly satisfactory in the range of 80-100%, assessed by visual analogue scoring system by client and doctor. Conclusion We recommend these techniques for all age group clients either alone or in combination for the treatment of facial wrinkles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) patients expressing unmutated immunoglobulin heavy variable regions (IGHVs) use the IGHV1-69 B cell receptor (BCR) in 25% of cases. Since HIV-1 envelope gp41 antibodies also frequently use IGHV1-69 gene segments, we hypothesized that IGHV1-69 B-CLL precursors may contribute to the gp41 B cell response during HIV-1 infection. To test this hypothesis, we rescued 5 IGHV1-69 unmutated antibodies as heterohybridoma IgM paraproteins and as recombinant IgG1 antibodies from B-CLL patients, determined their antigenic specificities and analyzed BCR sequences. IGHV1-69 B-CLL antibodies were enriched for reactivity with HIV-1 envelope gp41, influenza, hepatitis C virus E2 protein and intestinal commensal bacteria. These IGHV1-69 B-CLL antibodies preferentially used IGHD3 and IGHJ6 gene segments and had long heavy chain complementary determining region 3s (HCDR3s) (≥21 aa). IGHV1-69 B-CLL BCRs exhibited a phenylalanine at position 54 (F54) of the HCDR2 as do rare HIV-1 gp41 and influenza hemagglutinin stem neutralizing antibodies, while IGHV1-69 gp41 antibodies induced by HIV-1 infection predominantly used leucine (L54) allelic variants. These results demonstrate that the B-CLL cell population is an expansion of members of the innate polyreactive B cell repertoire with reactivity to a number of infectious agent antigens including intestinal commensal bacteria. The B-CLL IGHV1-69 B cell usage of F54 allelic variants strongly suggests that IGHV1-69 B-CLL gp41 antibodies derive from a restricted B cell pool that also produces rare HIV-1 gp41 and influenza hemagglutinin stem antibodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]