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Background and objectives: documentation is important for quality improvement, education, and research. There is currently a lack of recommendations regarding key aspects of documentation in regional anesthesia. The aim of this study was to establish recommendations for documentation in regional anesthesia. Methods: following the formation of the executive committee and a directed literature review, a long list of potential documentation components was created. A modified Delphi process was then employed to achieve consensus amongst a group of international experts in regional anesthesia. This consisted of 2 rounds of anonymous electronic voting and a final virtual round table discussion with live polling on items not yet excluded or accepted from previous rounds. Progression or exclusion of potential components through the rounds was based on the achievement of strong consensus. Strong consensus was defined as >= 75% agreement and weak consensus as 50%-74% agreement. Results: seventy-seven collaborators participated in both rounds 1 and 2, while 50 collaborators took part in round 3. In total, experts voted on 83 items and achieved a strong consensus on 51 items, weak consensus on 3 and rejected 29. Conclusion: by means of a modified Delphi process, we have established expert consensus on documentation in regional anesthesia., European Society of Regional Anaesthesia and Pain Therapy (ESRA); ASRA Pain Medicine

Introduction. As Malaysia undergoes population ageing, the prevalence of dementia is expected to increase, imposing a major public health issue and serious burden to patients, their caregivers, and the government. However, data on dementia prevalence is lacking and little is known about the demographic characteristics of dementia in Seberang Perai area. Methods. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Neuro-geriatric Clinic, Hospital Seberang Jaya from November 2018 to February 2020. Case notes were reviewed and demographic characteristic and diagnosis of either MCI or types of dementia were recorded. Results. A total of 173 patients with cognitive impairment included in this study. The majority were Chinese (66%), male (63%), aged 71-80 years old (32%), and diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) (35%). Among male patients, Parkinson’s Disease Dementia (PDD) (37%) was the commonest, followed by Alzheimer disease (AD) (26%), Vascular Dementia (VaD) (24%), MCI (11%) and Lewy body disease (3%). On contrary, among female patients, AD (52%) was the commonest, followed by PDD (17%), VaD (13%), MCI (7%) and Lewy body disease (2%). Based on race category, majority of the patients were diagnosed with AD with Malay (31%), Chinese (37%) and Indian (33%) compared to other types of cognitive impairment. In terms of age category highest number of AD were associated with age group of 71-80 years old (52%). Conclusion. Among patients with cognitive impairment on follow-up at the Seberang Jaya Hospital Neuro-geriatric clinic, the majority were 71-80 years old, Chinese, male and diagnosed with AD. Diversity in health literacy and health seeking behaviour among ethnic groups and gender needs to be further explored.

As the national teacher education institute in Singapore, the National Institute of Education (NIE) prepares all teachers seeking to be employed within the education service in Singapore. In the last decade, NIE's enrolment for initial teacher preparation programmes has grown significantly, with peaks in numbers during the recession years. There is also some evidence of attrition when beginning teachers complete their 3-year bond with the Ministry of Education, which sponsors their teacher education programme. It is thus important to determine empirically the reasons why pre-service teachers join the teaching profession, to see whether this can inform us about measures that can be taken to ensure they stay on in the profession. As part of a longitudinal study on beginning teachers' attitudes towards teaching and professional development, a research survey, the first of three data collections, was administered to whole cohorts of pre-service teachers entering NIE's three main teacher preparation programmes...