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Lung cancer has the worst prognosis with an average 5‐year survival rate of only 10%–20%. Lung cancer has the highest prevalence rate and a second most common cause of cancer‐associated mortalities worldwide. The present study was planned to explore the anticancer effects of pelargonidin against the lung cancer A549 cells via analyzing oxidative stress‐mediated apoptosis. The viability of both control and pelargonidin‐treated A549 cells was analyzed using the MTT cytotoxicity assay at different time periods. The levels of endogenous ROS generation, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), and apoptosis were assessed using corresponding fluorescent staining assays. The levels of oxidative stress biomarkers, including TBARS, SOD, CAT, and GSH, in the cell lysates of control and pelargonidin‐treated A549 cells were examined using the assay kits. The pelargonidin treatment substantially suppressed the A549 cell growth. Further, pelargonidin promoted the ROS production and depleted the Δψm levels in the A549 cells. The fluorescent staining assays witnessed the occurrence of increased apoptosis in the pelargonidin‐treated A549 cells. The pelargonidin also boosted the TBARS and reduced the antioxidant levels thereby promoted the oxidative stress‐regulated apoptosis in the A549 cells. In summary, the findings' results of the current study demonstrated an anticancer activity of pelargonidin on A549 cells. The pelargonidin treatment substantially decreased the growth and encouraged the oxidative stress‐regulated apoptosis in A549 cells. Therefore, it was evident that the pelargonidin could be employed as an effective anticancer candidate to treat the lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gefitinib (GET) is a revolutionary targeted treatment inhibiting the epidermal growth factor receptor's tyrosine kinase action by competitively inhibiting the ATP binding site. In preclinical trials, several lung cancer cell lines and xenografts have demonstrated potential activity with GET. Response rates neared 25% in preclinical trials for non‐small cell lung cancer. Here, we describe the one‐pot synthesis of GET@ZIF‐8 nanocomposites (NCs) in pure water, encapsulating zeolitic imidazolate framework 8 (ZIF‐8). This method developed NCs with consistent morphology and a loading efficiency of 9%, resulting in a loading capacity of 20 wt%. Cell proliferation assay assessed the anticancer effect of GET@ZIF‐8 NCs on A549 and H1299 cells. The different biochemical staining (Calcein‐AM and PI and 4′,6‐Diamidino‐2‐phenylindole nuclear staining) assays assessed the cell death and morphological examination. Additionally, the mode of apoptosis was evaluated by mitochondrial membrane potential (∆ψm) and reactive oxygen species. Therefore, the study concludes that GET@ZIF‐8 NCs are pledged to treat lung cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supramolecular nanoparticles containing peptides and drugs have recently gained recognition as an effective tumor treatment drug delivery system. A multitarget drug termed pemetrexed is effective against various cancers, including nonsmall cell lung cancer. The work aims to establish the capability of pemetrexed gold nanoparticles (PEM‐AuNPs) to induce apoptosis and explore molecular changes. X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope were used to investigate the synthesized nanoparticles. The MTT assay was utilized to investigate the anticancer properties of PEM‐AuNPs at varying concentrations (50, 100, and 200 µM). PEM‐AuNPs demonstrated a decrease in cell viability with 55.87%, 43.04%, and 25.59% for A549 cells and 54.31%, 37.40%, and 25.84% for H1299 cells at the respective concentrations. To assess apoptosis and perform morphological analysis, diverse biochemical staining techniques, including acridine orange‐ethidium bromide and 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole nuclear staining assays, were employed. Additionally, 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescein diacetate staining confirmed the induction of reactive oxygen species generation, while JC‐1 staining validated the impact on the mitochondrial membrane at the IC50 concentration of PEM‐AuNPs. Thus, the study demonstrated that the synthesized PEM‐AuNPs exhibited enhanced anticancer activity against both A549 and H1299 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to develop and analyze bio-based composites, incorporating moringa bioresin and hemp fibers as reinforcing elements. The composites were fabricated using four weight percentage combinations of epoxy, moringa bioresin, and hemp fiber. The fabricated composites were characterized by their mechanical, thermal, water absorption, biodegradability, and morphological properties. The study revealed that the composite with the highest proportion of moringa bioresin (30 wt. %) exhibited better mechanical properties. Moreover, the flexural strength and Shore D hardness were impacted by both the matrix and reinforcing materials' weight percentages. Thermal analysis showed that the composites had good thermal stability, while water absorption analysis indicated that the composites had good water resistance. Biodegradability analysis showed that the composites had a high rate of biodegradation, making them environmentally friendly. The distribution of reinforcing fibers within the matrix material was found to be uniform through the use of scanning electron microscope based morphological analysis. The results indicate that moringa bioresin and hemp fiber composites have the potential to be used as sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based composites in various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, cancer is the leading cause of death and morbidity, and skin cancer is the most common cancer diagnosis. Skin problems can be treated with nanoparticles (NPs), particularly with zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs, which have antioxidant, antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer properties. An antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles prepared in the presence of 4‐nitrobenzaldehyde (4NB) was also tested in the present study. In addition, the influence of synthesized NPs on cell apoptosis, cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, and cell adhesion was also examined. The synthesized 4‐nitro benzaldehyde with ZnO (4NBZnO) NPs were confirmed via characterization techniques. 4NBZnO NPs showed superior antibacterial properties against the pathogens tested in antibacterial investigations. As a result of dose‐based treatment with 4NBZnO NPs, cell viability, and MMP activity of melanoma cells (SK‐MEL‐3) cells were suppressed. A dose‐dependent accumulation of ROS was observed in cells exposed to 4NBZnO NPs. As a result of exposure to 4NBZnO NPs in a dose‐dependent manner, viable cells declined and apoptotic cells increased. This indicates that apoptotic cell death was higher. The cell adhesion test revealed that 4NBZnO NPs reduced cell adhesion and may promote apoptosis of cancer cells because of enhanced ROS levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]