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Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa,1–4 Etienne Mfoumou,5 Dacian E Roman,3 Vahe Nerguizian,6 Anas Alazzam,7 Ion Stiharu,3 Amber Yasmeen8 1College of Medicine & Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; 2Oncology Department, McGill University, 3Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada; 4Syrian Research Cancer Centre of the Syrian Society against Cancer, Aleppo, Syria; 5Nova Scotia Community College, Dartmouth, NS, 6École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, QC, Canada; 7Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE; 8Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research of the Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada Abstract: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered one of the most interesting materials in the 21st century due to their unique physiochemical characteristics and applicability to various industrial products and medical applications. However, in the last few years, questions have been raised regarding the potential toxicity of CNTs to humans and the environment; it is believed that the physiochemical characteristics of these materials are key determinants of CNT interaction with living cells and hence determine their toxicity in humans and other organisms as well as their embryos. Thus, several recent studies, including ours, pointed out that CNTs have cytotoxic effects on human and animal cells, which occur via the alteration of key regulator genes of cell proliferation, apoptosis, survival, cell–cell adhesion, and angiogenesis. Meanwhile, few investigations revealed that CNTs could also be harmful to the normal development of the embryo. In this review, we will discuss the toxic role of single-walled CNTs in the embryo, which was recently explored by several groups including ours. Keywords: single-walled carbon nanotubes, embryo, toxicity

The current study aimed to examine the structural relationships between pre-service science teachers' intention to teach and perceptions of the nature of science (NOS) and attitudes toward teaching science. The sample consisted of 206 pre-service science teachers from a major university in the United Arab Emirates who have bachelor's degrees in science. Quantitative research methodology was used to study the structural relationships among pre-service science teachers' intention to teach, perceptions of the NOS, and attitudes. Structural equation modeling using the "Lavaan" package was used to test these structural relationships. The results show that the relationships between the indigenous constructs (NOS) and the mediator constructs (DAS) can predict pre-service science teachers' intention to teach science (p < 0.05).

As a sustainable energy source, sound is abundant in the environment, but its effective conversion into electrical energy remains a technical challenge. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have made significant progress in addressing this issue, enabling the efficient capture of low-frequency sound waves and their transformation into usable power. This review explores the core principles behind acoustic energy harvesting using TENGs and examines key advancements in materials and resonator designs, including Helmholtz and quarter-wavelength configurations, which enhance energy conversion. Recent breakthroughs in TENG technologies are also highlighted, focusing on specialized mechanisms and innovative structural designs that improve sound wave collection and energy transfer. The review also looks into the various applications of TENGs, including harnessing urban noise, enhancing voice recognition systems, and powering wearable devices. Finally, challenges and future directions for expanding the use of acoustic energy harvesting technologies are discussed,focusing on their potential to provide practical and scalable energy solutions for various applications.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Jordan is among the most water-scarce countries in the world. The scarcity of water resources in Jordan is driving the development and advances of non-conventional water techniques that enable integrated management of water resources in addressing water scarcity challenges and promoting sustainable water use. Water harvesting of rainwater and fog techniques is one of the viable solutions to mitigate the water scarcity effects in Jordan. This study aimed to evaluate the quantity of rainwater and fog collected through the utilization of solar panels, while also conducting a feasibility analysis on the economic and environmental aspects of employing solar panels for rainwater and fog harvesting in a solar farm situated in Jordan.METHODS: In the present study, an in-situ experiment is conducted to investigate rainwater and fog harvesting from solar panels' surfaces that are widely spread in Jordan. The solar farm situated in Hai Al Sahabah, south of Amman, Jordan, incorporates an experimental arrangement that involves the installation of gutters, pipes, and water tanks beneath two solar panel samples. These panels have a total area of 4 square meters and will be monitored for a duration of 60 days.FINDING: The results of the experiment show that the total quantity of the harvested rainwater using two solar panels was 444 liters ranging from 0.8 liters per day to 117.66 liters per day, and the total harvested fog quantity was 28 liters ranging from 0.25 liters per day to 9.75 liters per day. The multilinear regression technique was employed to establish a correlation between the amount of harvested water and the crucial factors of wind direction, wind speed, relative humidity, and temperature at the solar farm. The analysis of the findings revealed a significant relationship between these variables. These relationships can be generalized to provide an estimation for the quantity of rainwater and fog harvesting in other locations. The quantity of harvested rainwater was primarily influenced by wind speed and direction, the quantity of harvested fog was mainly affected by relative humidity and temperature. The current study aims to analyze and deliberate on the collected amounts of water obtained through rainwater and fog harvesting from solar panels. The viability of implementing the method of rainwater and fog harvesting from solar panels will be examined in terms of economic and environmental factors.CONCLUSIONS: The quantity of rainwater gathered in this research with just two solar panels shows great potential for widespread use as a supplementary water supply. This method of rainwater and fog harvesting can be effectively applied to solar power plants which are widely spread in Jordan for use in solar panel cleaning, agriculture, groundwater recharge, and reducing stormwater discharge to assess and manage the risk of environmental damage. Rainwater and fog harvesting systems offer a higher level of efficiency and cost-effectiveness compared to other methods, especially when seamlessly integrated into the infrastructure of solar power plants. The benefits of solar panels by producing clean energy are not negotiable but combining energy production with water harvesting in solar power plants would offer even more advantages in enhancing the global environmental situation.

Sawsan Abuhammad,1 Manar ALAzzam,2 Yasmine Alabbasi3 1Department of Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; 2Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing, Al-Albayt University, Mafraq, 25113 Jordan; 3Department of Maternity and Pediatric Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671 Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Yasmine Alabbasi, Email yaalabbasi@pnu.edu.saAim: To examine the knowledge of parents who are working as healthcare workers about Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and to determine the predictors of ADHD knowledge in children among parents.Methods: A cross-section study was conducted among parents who are working as HCWs. An online survey by google forms facilitated the creation of a 373 participant’s sample.Results: The parents who are working as HCWs toward ADHD Knowledge 14.9 (SD = 7.9). The most questions were answered correctly. ADHD children are frequently distracted by extraneous stimuli 285 (76.8%). ADHD children often fidget or squirm in their seats 272 (73.7%) and HCWs training in managing an ADHD child are generally effective when combined with medication treatment 260 (70.5%).Conclusion: This study found that many parents who working as HCWs had poor knowledge regarding causes and general aspects of this disorder. The results had many implications that include increased efforts to improve the capabilities of parents who working as HCWs and prevent further complications for the children and increase awareness among parents and teachers.Keywords: ADHD, parents who working as HCWs, knowledge, Jordan

The study aims to highlight human humanity's controls and purposes by identifying their inherent manifestations from prophetic Sunni sources. It also identifies several controls on human responsibility and purposes through Al-Ahadith Alsahihyn, emphasizing the importance of authentic Sunni sources in their preservation and control. To achieve its objectives, the study followed the collective approach, based on the graduation of the prophetic texts under study collected and selected from the Bukhari and Muslim health as the most important codes of the perceived prophetic year. The study also used the extractive analytical approach: the study of prophetic conversations on human disciplines, purposes, and analysis, to address precise values. The study found several findings, most notably the diversity of human responsibility controls and their multiplicity in the prophetic year. Religious aspects, including social aspects, Islam's desire to form an integrated Islamic personality in all spheres of its life; the study also found the essential purpose of human humanity in the prophetic year, including achieving the goal for which it was created: God's worship is blessed and uplifting, realizing the principle of exclusion in the architecture of the universe and utilizing its treasures.

In the article, we present a methodological approach to evaluating international logistics management in the context of ensuring financial security through the development of an appropriate model for assessing indicators and risks that influence it. The research focuses on enterprises in the recreational sector. Structural-logical analysis methods were applied for modelling and graphical methods for their visualization. The fundamental method was the technique of evaluation using fuzzy sets. In this context, the MATLAB system served as the basis for more effective modelling. The article demonstrates that the evaluation of international management begins with the analysis of key performance indicators and risks. As a result of the research, a methodological approach to evaluating the effectiveness of international logistics management in the recreational sphere was formed. The main goal of such management is efficient planning and execution of logistics operations, which ensure continuity and high quality of recreational services at an international level, cost optimization, and increased customer satisfaction. However, to achieve this, it is necessary to properly assess risks and key indicators in the context of ensuring an adequate level of financial security. The proposed approach to evaluation focuses on identifying logistics risks, providing a comprehensive understanding of the problems and opportunities in the context of enhancing financial security. Looking ahead, it is necessary to more closely consider the possibility of practical application for specifically selected enterprises in the recreational sphere and to evaluate not only risks but also threats to financial security.

This study employs a robust multiphase Eulerian model to mimic heat transfer enhancement using nanofluids in a circular microchannel. Unlike the Eulerian models reported in the literature, the current model incorporates phase interactions, and its accuracy is significantly improved by integrating collision viscosity, kinetic viscosity, and frictional viscosity. Comparative analysis against other models like mixture and discrete phase models demonstrates superior performance of the current model, particularly for solid particle volume fractions exceeding 1 %. The model evaluates water-based nanofluids (Ag NPs, MgO, ZnO, Al2O3, ZrO2, SiO2) in circular microchannels. Ag NPs/water excels at low volume fractions and high Reynolds numbers, while MgO/water performs better at higher volume fractions. Moreover, the analysis of the Euler number indicates a decreasing trend with increasing Reynolds number across all nanofluids. However, no notable variation in the Euler number is observed when maintaining constant volume fraction and Reynolds number. Ultimately, the model is applied to obtain bulk fluid properties, such as viscosity and thermal conductivity, after suspending the nanoparticles. Subsequently, these properties were incorporated into the single-phase model. Utilizing these derived bulk properties was found to substantially enhance the accuracy of the single-phase model, demonstrating its reliability by yielding results within 13.52 % of experimental data.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased rates of depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms. University students have been particularly affected by these psychological consequences due to the pandemic and its accompanying precautions. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms among Jordanian university students amid COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Data was collected through a survey from Jordanian university students. The survey included a self-reported questionnaire that is composed of socio-demographic variables and the Arabic version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: The mean total scores for depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms were 18.91, 18.04, and 20.71 respectively, indicating the presence of these psychological issues among university students during the pandemic. Psychological problems, parents diagnosed with mental illness, living arrangements, and academic year explained 25.6% of the variation in depressive symptoms. Academic year, living arrangements, specialization, GPA, and gender accounted for 25.9% of the variation in anxiety symptoms. Parents' diagnosed with mental illness, specialization, marital status, and GPA explained 22.3% of the variation in stress symptoms. Conclusion: Adequate intervention is necessary to support these students, and it is essential for faculty members and administrators to provide appropriate psychological assistance. Additionally, national strategies should be implemented to raise awareness among Jordanian university students about the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress.

Abstract Basal metabolic rate (BMR) measurement is time consuming and requires specialized equipment. Prediction equations allow clinicians and researchers to estimate BMR; however, their accuracy may vary across individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). The objective of this study was to investigate the validity of SCI‐specific equations as well as able‐bodied (AB) prediction equations in individuals with upper motor neuron (UMN), lower motor neuron (LMN), and females with SCI. Twenty‐six men and women with chronic SCI (n = 12 innervated males, n = 6 innervated females, n = 8 denervated males) participated in this cross‐sectional study. BMR values were measured by indirect calorimetry. Body composition (dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and anthropometrics) assessment was conducted. AB‐prediction equations [Cunningham, Nelson, Owen, Harris and Benedict, Mifflin, Schofield, Henry] and SCI‐specific equations [Chun and Nightingale & Gorgey] were used to estimate and validate BMR. The accuracy of AB‐specific FFM equations in predicting BMR was evaluated using Bland–Altman plots, paired t‐tests, and error metrics. Measured BMR for innervated males, females, and denervated males was 1436 ± 213 kcal/day, 1290 ± 114, and 1597 ± 333 kcal/day, respectively. SCI‐specific equations by Chun et al., Nightingale & Gorgey, and AB‐specific FFM equations accurately predicted BMR for innervated males. For the denervated males, Model 4 equation by Nightingale & Gorgey was not different (p = 0.18), and Bland–Altman analyses showed negative mean bias but similar limits of agreement between measured and predicted BMR for the SCI‐specific equations and AB‐specific FFM equations. We demonstrated that SCI‐specific equations accurately predicted BMR for innervated males but underpredicted it for denervated males. The Model 4 equation by Nightingale & Gorgey accurately estimated BMR in females with SCI. Findings from the current study will help to determine caloric needs in different sub‐groups of SCI.

The main objective of the article is to study the historical development of legal regulation of business in the Middle East over a certain period of time. For this purpose, the object of study is the historical period from the beginning of 1950 to 1999. Thus, the scientific task is to consider how the business sector in the Middle East developed and evolved throughout the twentieth century. Thus, the research methodology involves the use of the historical method and the method of hermeneutics. These methods contributed to the key findings of the study. As a result, the historical development of the legal regulation of the business sector in the Middle East was carried out. The author’s view of the key historical stages of business regulation in a particular country is characterized and presented. It was pointed out which specific laws were created, which policies were introduced and which were the main regulated companies of that period. However, the study is limited by considering only one country in the Middle East - Jordan. Prospects for future research suggest taking into account the 21st century according to its characteristics.

Abstract Advances in materials science and memory devices work in tandem for the evolution of Artificial Intelligence systems. Energy-efficient computation is the ultimate goal of emerging memristor technology, in which the storage and computation can be done in the same memory crossbar. In this work, an analog memristor device is fabricated utilizing the unique characteristics of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to act as the switching medium of the device. Via the planar structure, the memristor device exhibits analog switching ability with high state stability. The device’s conductance and capacitance can be tuned simultaneously, increasing the device's potential and broadening its applications' horizons. The multi-state storage capability and long-term memory are the key factors that make the device a promising candidate for bio-inspired computing applications. As a demonstrator, the fabricated memristor is deployed in spiking neural networks (SNN) to exploit its analog switching feature for energy-efficient classification operation. Results reveal that the computation-in-memory implementation performs Vector Matrix Multiplication with 95% inference accuracy and few femtojoules per spike energy efficiency. The memristor device presented in this work opens new insights towards utilizing the outstanding features of SWCNTs for efficient analog computation in deep learning systems.

The present research aims to assess the impact of inventory policies on the Corporate Social Responsibility practices of companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange. The companies included in the research belonged to manufacturing or related sectors in which holding inventory is inevitable. The sample size chosen for the research was 45 companies, mainly because of the availability of financial data from the period 2012 to 2022. The data for the research was extracted from the Amman Stock Exchange, and we utilized a regression-based ANOVA model for our analysis, containing the dummy variable to enhance the model’s validation and facilitate the statistical analysis, hence enabling a deeper understanding. We utilized. We also used the GMM model to validate our analysis. The financial variables of the research were based on the reported financial statements of the companies. The study explores the impact of the relationship between inventory policy and Corporate Social Responsibility on the different stakeholders, such as customers, employees, and environmental groups. We found that the CSR disclosure requirements also tend to have an impact on the inventory policies of these companies. Our results revealed that inventory levels are positively associated with satisfied customers. We found that the company’s total CSR and sales ratio do not have a straight-line relationship. It led us to conclude that inventory levels are positively associated with satisfied customers.

Online social networks (OSNs) are inundated with an enormous daily influx of news shared by users worldwide. Information can originate from any OSN user and quickly spread, making the task of fact-checking news both time-consuming and resource-intensive. To address this challenge, researchers are exploring machine learning techniques to automate fake news detection. This paper specifically focuses on detecting the stance of content producers—whether they support or oppose the subject of the content. Our study aims to develop and evaluate advanced text-mining models that leverage pre-trained language models enhanced with meta features derived from headlines and article bodies. We sought to determine whether incorporating the cosine distance feature could improve model prediction accuracy. After analyzing and assessing several previous competition entries, we identified three key tasks for achieving high accuracy: (1) a multi-stage approach that integrates classical and neural network classifiers, (2) the extraction of additional text-based meta features from headline and article body columns, and (3) the utilization of recent pre-trained embeddings and transformer models.

Abstract A method for a permanent surface modification of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is presented. A case study on the attachment of PDMS and the lithium niobate (LiNbO3) wafer for acoustofluidics applications is presented as well. The method includes a protocol for chemically treating the surface of PDMS to strengthen its bond with the LiNbO3 surface. The PDMS surface is modified using the 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (TMSPMA) silane reagent. The effect of silane treatment on the hydrophilicity, morphology, adhesion strength to LiNbO3, and surface energy of PDMS is investigated. The results demonstrated that the silane treatment permanently increases the hydrophilicity of PDMS and significantly alters its morphology. The bonding strength between PDMS and LiNbO3increased with the duration of the silane treatment, reaching a maximum of approximately 500 kPa. To illustrate the effectiveness of this method, an acoustofluidic device was tested, and the device demonstrated very promising enhanced bonding and sealing capabilities with particle manipulation at a flow rate of up to 1 L/h by means of traveling surface acoustic waves (TSAW). The device was reused multiple times with no fluid leakage or detachment issues. The utility of the presented PDMS surface modification method is not limited to acoustofluidics applications; it has the potential to be further investigated for applications in various scientific fields in the future.

The main purpose of the article is a theoretical and methodological substantiation of the choice of the optimal form of re-engineering for machine-building enterprises in modern conditions of a changing external environment. The object of the study is the business processes, commercial activities and financial potential of machine-building enterprises. The scientific task is to present a modern methodological approach to choosing the form of re-engineering that is better for a mechanical engineering company in the context of its current state. For this purpose, methods of financial analysis, matrix analysis and ranking were used. In addition, such auxiliary methods as graphical and abstract-logical were used. As a result of the research and calculations, a ranking of key indicators of the financial potential of machine-building enterprises was determined and carried out. An approach to determining the level of efficiency of business processes is presented. The author's vision of the matrix for choosing the optimal form of re-engineering is proposed. The practical value of the results obtained is revealed in the possibility of applying the proposed approach in the activities of machine-building enterprises in Ukraine. The study is limited by taking into account the specifics of the activities of machine-building enterprises exclusively when selecting indicators and ranking them. Prospects for further research are considered through the prism of applying the developed methodological approach to other industrial enterprises in Ukraine.

The main purpose of the article is the formation of new strategies in business management with changes in commercial activities. The object of the study is the system of commercial activity and possible changes in it. The scientific task is the definition of a new methodological approach to the formation of new strategies in business management with changes in commercial activity. The research methodology involves the use of a modern method for modeling strategies in business management with changes in business activities. As a result, we presented a methodical approach to the formation of business management strategies in the face of changes in commercial activities. The author’s vision of how the stages of forming the main business management strategy through block-object-oriented modeling should look graphically and schematically was presented. Each of its blocks involves many processions and actions aimed at changes in commercial activity. The innovative novelty of our study lies in the presented methodological approach to the formation of a business management strategy within the framework of changes in commercial activity.

The rise of infections associated with indwelling medical devices is a growing concern, often complicated by biofilm formation leading to persistent infections. This study investigates a novel approach to prevent Candida albicans attachment on the surface by altering surface topography. The research focuses on two distinct surface topographies: symmetry (squares) and non-symmetry (lines), created through a direct laser photolithography process on a Cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) surface. The wettability of these patterned surfaces was then examined immediately after fabrication and plasma treatment to mimic the sterilization process of indwelling devices through UV plasma. The results reveal directional wettability in the line pattern and size-dependent wettability in both square and line patterns. Candida albicans were cultured on these surfaces to assess the efficacy of the topography in preventing biofilm formation. The study demonstrates that symmetry and non-symmetry pattern topography inhibit biofilm formation, providing a promising strategy for mitigating Candida-associated infections on medical devices. The research sheds light on the potential of surface modification techniques to enhance the biocompatibility of medical devices and reduce the risk of biofilm-related infections.

The purpose of the article is to formulate a methodological approach to building a model of e-commerce development in the context of ensuring the economic security of business. The object of the study is the business activity of socio-economic systems and their economic security. The scientific task is to model the stages and processes of e-commerce development in the framework of ensuring business economic security. The key problem is the lack of a clear methodological approach to modeling the development of e-commerce in the context of ensuring the economic security of business. A review of the literature showed that there is no single approach to solving this problem. The research methodology involves the use of functional modeling technology. This is achieved through a graphical modeling method. Based on the results of the study, the main model for the development of e-commerce in the framework of ensuring the economic security of business was presented. Each block has been modeled separately for better understanding. The scientific innovativeness of the presented research results consists in the presented methodological approach to determining the ways for the development of e-commerce in the framework of ensuring the economic security of a business.

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Abstract Introduction: Virtual Reality (VR) is recognized as a versatile training tool across various domains, including healthcare. In Jordan, dementia is a significant public health concern, accounting for 5.17% of all recorded deaths. Given the complex nature of dementia care, preparing nursing students is crucial. This paper explores the feasibility and effectiveness of VR-based empathy training for nursing students, with a growing global interest in VR training applications, despite the need for further study of VR acceptability in the Jordanian context. Methods: This mixed-methods study included 71 nursing students in a psychiatric course at a university in Jordan. Feasibility was assessed through recruitment, retention, adherence, data completion, and implementation fidelity. Pre- and post-intervention assessments measured empathy levels. Thematic analysis of participant feedback provided insights into usability. Results: Recruitment and retention rates were excellent, with a 100% participation rate and 100% retention. The intervention demonstrated a statistically significant enhancement in empathy scores following the program (M_pre = 50.44, SD_pre = 9.24; M_post = 65.17, SD_post = 8.53), t(71) = -23.89, p < 0.001. The thematic analysis highlighted the importance of a user-friendly interface, a supportive learning environment, and engaging content. Conclusion: This study highlights the potential of VR-based training to enhance empathy among nursing students in the context of dementia care. The robust feasibility outcomes and positive user experiences suggest that VR technology can be a valuable addition to nursing curricula, ultimately benefiting patient care and the nursing workforce. Implications for Nursing: Integrating VR into nursing education presents the potential for elevating empathy in nursing students, notably within dementia care. This innovative approach equips prospective healthcare providers with vital skills for delivering more compassionate patient care.