Search

La nappe aquifère de Hesbaye située au Nord-Ouest de Liège (Belgique) est logée dans les craies du Crétacé, surmontées d'une épaisse couche de limon. L'alimentation en eau de la région est assurée par les 60 000 m3 extraits Joumel!ement des galeries captantes et des puits.Un modèle mathématique par éléments finis a été construit pour simuler numériquement le comportement de l'aquifère en régime transitoire. La complexité de la géologie locale a nécessité l'emploi d'une méthode par éléments finis permettant une discrétisatlon 30 souple et détaillée de la zone étudiée, modélisation réalisée avec un maillage fixe en condition de nappe libre.Des développements numériques comprenant la simulation de la surface libre en mode transitoire, ont été introduits dans le modèle LAGATHER du programme LAGAMINE (Université de Liège). Le programme a été testé sur des exemples bidimensionnels avant d'étre appliqué en 30 à l'aquifère de Hesbaye.La discrétisation et les principaux résultats sont présentés., The Hesbaye aquifer located in Cretaceous chalks near Liège (Belgium), is recharged by infiltration through the overlying loess and conglomerate.Wells and collecting adits produce a daily flow of 60 000 m3 out of this aquifer, to provide the alimentation of the area of Liège and its suburbs.More Man 500 boreholes, plezometers and wells give many informations for the idealization and the calibration procedures. Variation ranges of permeability and effective porosity are determined from 150 pumping tests. The main drainance axis of the aquifer (called « dry valleys ») are located and characterized by higher permeabilities.Finite element modelling has been developed to foresee the evolution of the water table and to get some additional informations especially about these main drainance axis.The modelling method is based on the LAGAMINE code (from Liège University). The LAGATHER code is one of the module of the LAGAMINE which is initially adapted to treat non-linear thermic problems. Here, it has been developed to compute flows in porous media in transient conditions. The water table is calculated with a fixed mesh structure using a new method developed by (CHARLIER et al., 1988). Constitutive laws of the flow are changed to take into account the state of saturation or no-saturation of the media. Then the flow equation (the Darcy's law) becomes non-linear. The transition from unsaturated to saturated field is treated at a constant zero pressure, according to the analogy with thermodynamical phase changes at constant temperature. The method has been checked on uniaxial and two dimensionnal sections.3D discretisation and modelling of the whole aquifer has been realized. The problem requires about 2 670 8-nodes isoparametric brick finite elements. The complexity of the geological conditions justifies fully the use of finite element method by the diversity and the wide range of the hydrogeological parameters to introduce in the model.The discretisation is described and some of the must significant results are presented.

Les terrils de Wallonie font partie du patrimoine de cette region de Belgique. Ils sont parfois exploites pour en extraire le charbon residuel ou pour servir de materiaux de remblais ou de recouvrement. Ils presentent par ailleurs un indeniable interet biologique, paysager, environnemental et meme touristique. Les instabilites des terrils se produisent principalement lors de leur edification et leurs causes et mecanismes sont bien identifies.Un type d’instabilite moins connu provient de l’autocombustion du charbon residuel qui, en provoquant des heterogeneites au sein de la masse du terril, peut dans certaines conditions, conduire a des glissements de terrains, souvent importants, instantanes et sans indices prealables.Apres un bref rappel du phenomene d’autocombustion, le present article illustre ce type d’instabilite par trois exemples de terrils dont la combustion en cours a conduit a des situations d’instabilite, manifeste ou potentielle. Le papier presente dans chaque cas les resultats des investigations geologiques, hydrogeologiques, geophysiques et geotechniques ainsi que les eventuels calculs de stabilite et solutions retenues.

A case history illustrating an innovative application of borehole radar tomography to foundation problems in a karstic area is presented. The principles of the method and the geotechnical interpretation of the results are discussed. It is shown that, although ground conditions may be considered as very unfavourable for reflection radar techniques, good results were achieved in the crosshole mode, giving valuable information on both the geometry and the characteristics of the subsurface.

The subsoil of Shanghai is composed of Quaternary sediments of the Yangtse River estuary. The center of the city has undergone a man-induced subsidence due to water pumping in the confined multi-aquifer system located in these sediments. Together with a sedimentological study of the post-Pleistocene conditions of deposition and accumulation, an accurate geotechnical study has been completed on the basis of all the available data from identification, oedometer and triaxial tests. Size analysis, X-ray analysis, compressibility characteristics, void ratio, preconsolidation pressures, permeabilities are considered taking into account the sedimentary sequence. Some relations between parameters are deduced and the hydrodynamic parameters are related to compaction parameters in order to predict their coupled and non-linear effects on the subsidence phenomena. Conclusions consist in the determination of the zones where different sensitivities to compaction are evaluated in these Quaternary formations.

L'ordinateur constitute, pour les cartes geotechniques concues a Liege, un outil d'elaboration et un moyen d'utilisation. Le systeme integre SYSFAP, mis au point au C.E.P.O.C. a l'Universite de Liege, organise l'archivage des donnees et leur traitement pour aboutir au trace automatique des cartes geotechniques. Il, rend en outre les, renseignements facilement accessible a l'utilisateur et facilite la mise a jour reguliere des cartes.