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The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival rate of lithium disilicate overlays in increasing occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) in the setting of minimally invasive techniques and the restoration thicknesses at different tooth sites. This is an observational study evaluating 43 lithium disilicate overlays (Lithium IPS e.max Press, Ivoclar Vivadent) on 8 patients, prepared with minimally invasive criteria over a follow-up period between 19 to 45 months (mean follow-up of 32 months). Occlusal vertical dimension’s increase was planned using occlusal treatment plan and diagnostic wax-up. Prior to adhesive cementation, restoration thicknesses were measured with a caliber. The survival rate was calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Restoration survival rates at 32 months were 97.7%. One infiltration was observed, no cases of fracture occurred. The greatest thickness in monolithic restorations was detected in the cusp sides of teeth, whereas the thinnest was highlighted in the central fossa. The average amount of dental tissue removed during preparation was 0.98 mm in non-functional cusps, 0.88 mm in functional cusps, and 0.57 mm in the central fossa. Lithium disilicate posterior overlays show an excellent complication-free survival rate, and the material allows for conservative restorations with minimum thickness. Monolithic lithium disilicate overlays feature a satisfying 32-month survival rate. The technique allows to perform restorations with a minimal removal of dental tissue, while limiting fractures over time. Its esthetical performance is excellent.

In this paper, through the Community-Based Enterprise (CBE) theory lens and referring to a single case study of an Italian SME located in a depressed rural area, we aim to investigate the concept of community enterprise in action. Following the original concept developed by Peredo and Chrisman (2006), our analysis points out an entrepreneurial posture characterized by the integration of social and economic objectives and by the ability to leverage on local resources in order to attain multifaceted benefits for a local community. It also shows some differences from the original concept. CBE theory is in fact based mainly on experiences related to communities beset by chronic privation, namely the so-called global South. Our case study offers instead evidence of the role of this kind of enterprise in the context of a developed economy facing some stresses. It also highlights that in these contexts, being a CBE may be the outcome of a process of transformation characterized by the progressive awareness of the role played for the community and the territory of reference, and that institutional legitimacy is an essential pre-requisite in order to foster long-lasting and self-reinforcing development path.

Francesca Zotti, Davide Pappalardo, Giorgia Capocasale, Andrea Sboarina, Dario Bertossi, Massimo Albanese Department of Surgical Sciences, Paediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, Verona, ItalyCorrespondence: Francesca Zotti Department of Surgical Sciences, Paediatrics and GynecologyUniversity of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro, 10, Verona 37134, ItalyTel/Fax +39 045 812 6938Email francesca.zotti@univr.itPurpose: Digital technologies have improved ways to perform aesthetic dentistry in the last few years. The aims of this survey were to investigate the most preferred way to preview the result of an aesthetic dental rehabilitation among a population of dental professionals and laypeople and to compare aesthetic standards of the general population and dentists in terms of the color of teeth for aesthetic dental rehabilitations.Patients and Methods: A questionnaire was sent to the subjects (dentists and laypeople) during a 1-year period and, together with their demographic data, different ways to preview the result of an aesthetic rehabilitation were submitted, such as digital smile design, dental wax-up and oral explanation. Furthermore, an additional section of the questionnaire investigated the most suitable color for an aesthetic rehabilitation based on the colors of the VITA Scale. Results were statistically analyzed (with Chi-square of independence and Mann–Whitney U-test) highlighting differences of answers based on age groups, educational attainment, gender, and belonging or not to the dental field.Results: Findings showed that digital smile design (digital preview) is a high-appreciated method for previewing and communicating with patients both by dental professionals and laypeople. Furthermore, lighter colors were found to be more valued by laypeople and significant differences were highlighted between the two populations assessed.Conclusion: It seems to be viable to use digital preview for dentists and laypeople to improve previewing and communicating ways. It might be advisable to better motivate patients in recognizing aesthetical features and to raise their awareness in preferring more mimetic aesthetic results. Great opportunities are opened up by digital smile design in teaching, learning, and routine practice.Keywords: digital smile, patient communication, aesthetic colours, aesthetical idea, digital dentistry

Trigeminal trophic syndrome (TTS) is a rare facial/cranial affection that arises in ulcerations, itch and paresthesia. Etiology is debated, however trigeminal nerve damage seems to be frequent in pathogenetic patterns. The disease may affect any region innervated by the trigeminal nerve, especially the maxillary branch. A case of TTS, trigged by allergic reaction to osteosynthetic materials and involving infraorbital nerve, was presented. The feature that makes this case one-off in the literature is the association with osteolytic lesion surrounding infraorbital nerve. Diagnosis and treatment were difficult and multidisciplinary approach was required. Treatments administered were satisfying and signs and symptoms remitted, however patient quitted follow-up. TTS is a rare disease, diagnosis is difficult to be performed and it is often a diagnosis of exclusion. Treatment is challenging and it requires a multidisciplinary approach and a great compliance of patients., EXCLI Journal;Vol. 18. 2019, p.931-935