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1. The EMC Effect of Tritium and Helium-3 from the JLab MARATHON Experiment

Author: Abrams, D., Albataineh, H., Aljawrneh, B. S., Alsalmi, S., Androic, D., Aniol, K., Armstrong, W., Arrington, J., Atac, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bai, X., Bane, J., Barcus, S., Beck, A., Bellini, V., Bhatt, H., Bhetuwal, D., Biswas, D., Blyth, D., Boeglin, W., Bulumulla, D., Butler, J., Camsonne, A., Carmignotto, M., Castellanos, J., Chen, J. -P., Cloët, I. C., Cohen, E. O., Covrig, S., Craycraft, K., Cruz-Torres, R., Dongwi, B., Duran, B., Dutta, D., Fomin, N., Fuchey, E., Gal, C., Gautam, T. N., Gilad, S., Gnanvo, K., Gogami, T., Gomez, J., Gu, C., Habarakada, A., Hague, T., Hansen, J. -O., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., Higinbotham, D. W., Holt, R. J., Hughes, E. W., Hyde, C., Ibrahim, H., Jian, S., Joosten, S., Karki, A., Karki, B., Katramatou, A. T., Keith, C., Keppel, C., Khachatryan, M., Khachatryan, V., Khanal, A., Kievsky, A., King, D., King, P. M., Korover, I., Kulagin, S. A., Kumar, K. S., Kutz, T., Lashley-Colthirst, N., Li, S., Li, W., Liu, H., Liuti, S., Liyanage, N., Markowitz, P., McClellan, R. E., Meekins, D., Beck, S. Mey-Tal, Meziani, Z. -E., Michaels, R., Mihovilovic, M., Nelyubin, V., Nguyen, D., Nuruzzaman, Nycz, M., Obrecht, R., Olson, M., Owen, V. F., Pace, E., Pandey, B., Pandey, V., Paolone, M., Papadopoulou, A., Park, S., Paul, S., Petratos, G. G., Petti, R., Piasetzky, E., Pomatsalyuk, R., Premathilake, S., Puckett, A. J. R., Punjabi, V., Ransome, R. D., Rashad, M. N. H., Reimer, P. E., Riordan, S., Roche, J., Salmè, G., Santiesteban, N., Sawatzky, B., Scopetta, S., Schmidt, A., Schmookler, B., Segal, J., Segarra, E. P., Shahinyan, A., Širca, S., Sparveris, N., Su, T., Suleiman, R., Szumila-Vance, H., Tadepalli, A. S., Tang, L., Tireman, W., Tortorici, F., Urciuoli, G. M., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, S., Ye, Z. H., Ye, Z. Y., and Zhang, J.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Measurements of the EMC effect in the tritium and helium-3 mirror nuclei are reported. The data were obtained by the MARATHON Jefferson Lab experiment, which performed deep inelastic electron scattering from deuterium and the three-body nuclei, using a cryogenic gas target system and the High Resolution Spectrometers of the Hall A Facility of the Lab. The data cover the Bjorken $x$ range from 0.20 to 0.83, corresponding to a squared four-momentum transfer $Q^2$ range from 2.7 to $11.9\gevsq$, and to an invariant mass $W$ of the final hadronic state greater than 1.84 GeV/${\it c}^2$. The tritium EMC effect measurement is the first of its kind. The MARATHON experimental results are compared to results from previous measurements by DESY-HERMES and JLab-Hall C experiments, as well as with few-body theoretical predictions., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2104.05850
Published: 2024

2. Strong interaction physics at the luminosity frontier with 22 GeV electrons at Jefferson Lab

Author: Accardi, A, Achenbach, P, Adhikari, D, Afanasev, A, Akondi, CS, Akopov, N, Albaladejo, M, Albataineh, H, Albrecht, M, Almeida-Zamora, B, Amaryan, M, Androić, D, Armstrong, W, Armstrong, DS, Arratia, M, Arrington, J, Asaturyan, A, Austregesilo, A, Avakian, H, Averett, T, Gayoso, C Ayerbe, Bacchetta, A, Balantekin, AB, Baltzell, N, Barion, L, Barry, PC, Bashir, A, Battaglieri, M, Bellini, V, Belov, I, Benhar, O, Benkel, B, Benmokhtar, F, Bentz, W, Bertone, V, Bhatt, H, Bianconi, A, Bibrzycki, L, Bijker, R, Binosi, D, Biswas, D, Boër, M, Boeglin, W, Bogacz, SA, Boglione, M, Bondí, M, Boos, EE, Bosted, P, Bozzi, G, Brash, EJ, Briceño, RA, Brindza, PD, Briscoe, WJ, Brodsky, SJ, Brooks, WK, Burkert, VD, Camsonne, A, Cao, T, Cardman, LS, Carman, DS, Carpinelli, M, Cates, GD, Caylor, J, Celentano, A, Celiberto, FG, Cerutti, M, Chang, L, Chatagnon, P, Chen, C, Chen, J-P, Chetry, T, Christopher, A, Christy, E, Chudakov, E, Cisbani, E, Cloët, IC, Cobos-Martinez, JJ, Cohen, EO, Colangelo, P, Cole, PL, Constantinou, M, Contalbrigo, M, Costantini, G, Cosyn, W, Cotton, C, Courtoy, A, Dusa, S Covrig, Crede, V, Cui, Z-F, D’Angelo, A, Döring, M, Dalton, MM, Danilkin, I, Davydov, M, Day, D, De Fazio, F, De Napoli, M, De Vita, R, Dean, DJ, and Defurne, M
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Nuclear and plasma physics, Particle and high energy physics, Synchrotrons and accelerators
Published: 2024

3. Strong Interaction Physics at the Luminosity Frontier with 22 GeV Electrons at Jefferson Lab

Author: Accardi, A., Achenbach, P., Adhikari, D., Afanasev, A., Akondi, C. S., Akopov, N., Albaladejo, M., Albataineh, H., Albrecht, M., Almeida-Zamora, B., Amaryan, M., Androić, D., Armstrong, W., Armstrong, D. S., Arratia, M., Arrington, J., Asaturyan, A., Austregesilo, A., Avagyan, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bacchetta, A., Balantekin, A. B., Baltzell, N., Barion, L., Barry, P. C., Bashir, A., Battaglieri, M., Bellini, V., Belov, I., Benhar, O., Benkel, B., Benmokhtar, F, Bentz, W., Bertone, V., Bhatt, H., Bianconi, A., Bibrzycki, L., Bijker, R., Binosi, D., Biswas, D., Boër, M., Boeglin, W., Bogacz, S. A., Boglione, M., Bondí, M., Boos, E. E., Bosted, P., Bozzi, G., Brash, E. J., Briceño, R. A., Brindza, P. D., Briscoe, W. J., Brodsky, S. J, Brooks, W. K., Burkert, V. D., Camsonne, A., Cao, T., Cardman, L. S., Carman, D. S., Carpinelli, M, Cates, G. D., Caylor, J., Celentano, A., Celiberto, F. G., Cerutti, M., Chang, Lei, Chatagnon, P., Chen, C., Chen, J-P, Chetry, T., Christopher, A., Christy, E., Chudakov, E., Cisbani, E., Cloët, I. C., Cobos-Martinez, J. J., Cohen, E. O., Colangelo, P., Cole, P. L., Constantinou, M., Contalbrigo, M., Costantini, G., Cosyn, W., Cotton, C., Courtoy, A., Dusa, S. Covrig, Crede, V., Cui, Z. -F., D'Angelo, A., Döring, M., Dalton, M. M., Danilkin, I., Davydov, M., Day, D., De Fazio, F., De Napoli, M., De Vita, R., Dean, D. J., Defurne, M., Deur, A., Devkota, B., Dhital, S., Di Nezza, P., Diefenthaler, M., Diehl, S., Dilks, C., Ding, M., Djalali, C., Dobbs, S., Dupré, R., Dutta, D., Edwards, R. G., Egiyan, H., Ehinger, L., Eichmann, G., Elaasar, M., Elouadrhiri, L., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Emmert, A., Engelhardt, M., Ent, R., Ernst, D. J, Eugenio, P., Evans, G., Fanelli, C., Fegan, S., Fernández-Ramírez, C., Fernandez, L. A., Fernando, I. P., Filippi, A., Fischer, C. S., Fogler, C., Fomin, N., Frankfurt, L., Frederico, T., Freese, A., Fu, Y., Gamberg, L., Gan, L., Gao, F., Garcia-Tecocoatzi, H., Gaskell, D., Gasparian, A., Gates, K, Gavalian, G., Ghoshal, P. K., Giachino, A., Giacosa, F., Giannuzzi, F., Gilfoyle, G. -P., Girod, F-X, Glazier, D. I., Gleason, C., Godfrey, S., Goity, J. L., Golubenko, A. A., Gonzàlez-Solís, S., Gothe, R. W., Gotra, Y., Griffioen, K., Grocholski, O., Grube, B., Guèye, P., Guo, F. -K., Guo, Y., Guo, L., Hague, T. J., Hammoud, N., Hansen, J. -O., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., Hayward, T., Heddle, D., Heinrich, N., Hen, O., Higinbotham, D. W., Higuera-Angulo, I. M., Blin, A. N. Hiller, Hobart, A., Hobbs, T., Holmberg, D. E, Horn, T., Hoyer, P., Huber, G. M., Hurck, P., Hutauruk, P. T. P., Ilieva, Y., Illari, I., Ireland, D. G, Isupov, E. L., Italiano, A., Jaegle, I., Jarvis, N. S., Jenkins, DJ, Jeschonnek, S., Ji, C-R., Jo, H. S., Jones, M., Jones, R. T., Jones, D. C., Joo, K., Junaid, M., Kageya, T., Kalantarians, N., Karki, A., Karyan, G., Katramatou, A. T., Kay, S. J. D, Kazimi, R., Keith, C. D., Keppel, C., Kerbizi, A., Khachatryan, V., Khanal, A., Khandaker, M., Kim, A., Kinney, E. R., Kohl, M., Kotzinian, A., Kriesten, B. T., Kubarovsky, V., Kubis, B., Kuhn, S. E., Kumar, V., Kutz, T., Leali, M., Lebed, R. F., Lenisa, P., Leskovec, L., Li, S., Li, X., Liao, J., Lin, H. -W., Liu, L., Liuti, S., Liyanage, N., Lu, Y., MacGregor, I. J. D., Mack, D. J., Maiani, L, Mamo, K. A., Mandaglio, G., Mariani, C., Markowitz, P., Marukyan, H., Mascagna, V., Mathieu, V., Maxwell, J., Mazouz, M., McCaughan, M., McKeown, R. D., McKinnon, B., Meekins, D., Melnitchouk, W., Metz, A., Meyer, C. A., Meziani, Z. -E., Mezrag, C., Michaels, R., Miller, G. A., Mineeva, T., Miramontes, A. S., Mirazita, M., Mizutani, K., Mkrtchyan, H., Mkrtchyan, A., Moffit, B., Mohanmurthy, P., Mokeev, V. I., Monaghan, P., Montaña, G., Montgomery, R., Moretti, A., Chàvez, J. M. Morgado, Mosel, U., Movsisyan, A., Musico, P., Nadeeshani, S. A, Nadolsky, P. M., Nakamura, S. X., Nazeer, J., Nefediev, A. V., Neupane, K., Nguyen, D., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, I., Niculescu, G., Nocera, E. R., Nycz, M., Olness, F. I., Ortega, P. G., Osipenko, M., Pace, E., Pandey, B, Pandey, P., Papandreou, Z., Papavassiliou, J., Pappalardo, L. L., Paredes-Torres, G., Paremuzyan, R., Park, S., Parsamyan, B., Paschke, K. D., Pasquini, B., Passemar, E., Pasyuk, E., Patel, T., Paudel, C., Paul, S. J., Peng, J-C., Pentchev, L., Perrino, R., Perry, R. J., Peters, K., Petratos, G. G., Phelps, W., Piasetzky, E., Pilloni, A., Pire, B., Pitonyak, D., Pitt, M. L., Polosa, A. D., Pospelov, M., Postuma, A. C., Poudel, J., Preet, L., Prelovsek, S., Price, J. W., Prokudin, A., Puckett, A. J. R., Pybus, J. R., Qin, S. -X., Qiu, J. -W., Radici, M., Rashidi, H., Rathnayake, A. D, Raue, B. A., Reed, T., Reimer, P. E., Reinhold, J., Richard, J. -M., Rinaldi, M., Ringer, F., Ripani, M., Ritman, J., West, J. Rittenhouse, Rivero-Acosta, A., Roberts, C. D., Rodas, A., Rodini, S., Rodríguez-Quintero, J., Rogers, T. C., Rojo, J., Rossi, P., Rossi, G. C., Salmè, G., Santiesteban, S. N., Santopinto, E., Sargsian, M., Sato, N., Schadmand, S., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, S. M, Schnell, G., Schumacher, R. A., Schweitzer, P., Scimemi, I., Scott, K. C, Seay, D. A, Segovia, J., Semenov-Tian-Shansky, K., Seryi, A., Sharda, A. S, Shepherd, M. R., Shirokov, E. V., Shrestha, S., Shrestha, U., Shvedunov, V. I., Signori, A., Slifer, K. J., Smith, W. A., Somov, A., Souder, P., Sparveris, N., Spizzo, F., Spreafico, M., Stepanyan, S., Stevens, J. R., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Strikman, M., Su, S., Sumner, B. C. L., Sun, E., Suresh, M., Sutera, C., Swanson, E. S., Szczepaniak, A. P, Sznajder, P., Szumila-Vance, H., Szymanowski, L., Tadepalli, A. -S., Tadevosyan, V., Tamang, B., Tarasov, V. V., Thiel, A., Tong, X. -B., Tyson, R., Ungaro, M., Urciuoli, G. M., Usman, A., Valcarce, A., Vallarino, S., Vaquera-Araujo, C. A., Venturelli, L., Vera, F., Vladimirov, A., Vossen, A., Wagner, J., Wei, X., Weinstein, L. B., Weiss, C., Williams, R., Winney, D., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, M. H., Xiao, T., Xu, S. -S., Ye, Z., Yero, C., Yuan, C. -P., Yurov, M., Zachariou, N., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Z. W., Zhao, Y., Zheng, X., Zhou, X., Ziegler, V., Zihlmann, B., de Paula, W, and de Téramond, G. F.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: This document presents the initial scientific case for upgrading the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Lab (JLab) to 22 GeV. It is the result of a community effort, incorporating insights from a series of workshops conducted between March 2022 and April 2023. With a track record of over 25 years in delivering the world's most intense and precise multi-GeV electron beams, CEBAF's potential for a higher energy upgrade presents a unique opportunity for an innovative nuclear physics program, which seamlessly integrates a rich historical background with a promising future. The proposed physics program encompass a diverse range of investigations centered around the nonperturbative dynamics inherent in hadron structure and the exploration of strongly interacting systems. It builds upon the exceptional capabilities of CEBAF in high-luminosity operations, the availability of existing or planned Hall equipment, and recent advancements in accelerator technology. The proposed program cover various scientific topics, including Hadron Spectroscopy, Partonic Structure and Spin, Hadronization and Transverse Momentum, Spatial Structure, Mechanical Properties, Form Factors and Emergent Hadron Mass, Hadron-Quark Transition, and Nuclear Dynamics at Extreme Conditions, as well as QCD Confinement and Fundamental Symmetries. Each topic highlights the key measurements achievable at a 22 GeV CEBAF accelerator. Furthermore, this document outlines the significant physics outcomes and unique aspects of these programs that distinguish them from other existing or planned facilities. In summary, this document provides an exciting rationale for the energy upgrade of CEBAF to 22 GeV, outlining the transformative scientific potential that lies within reach, and the remarkable opportunities it offers for advancing our understanding of hadron physics and related fundamental phenomena., Comment: Updates to the list of authors; Preprint number changed from theory to experiment; Updates to sections 4 and 6, including additional figures
Published: 2023

4. Precision Determination of the Neutral Weak Form Factor of $^{48}$Ca

Author: Adhikari, D., Albataineh, H., Androic, D., Aniol, K. A., Armstrong, D. S., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Barcus, S. K., Bellini, V., Beminiwattha, R. S., Benesch, J. F., Bhatt, H., Pathak, D. Bhatta, Bhetuwal, D., Blaikie, B., Boyd, J., Campagna, Q., Camsonne, A., Cates, G. D., Chen, Y., Clarke, C., Cornejo, J. C., Dusa, S. Covrig, Dalton, M. M., Datta, P., Deshpande, A., Dutta, D., Feldman, C., Fuchey, E., Gal, C., Gaskell, D., Gautam, T., Gericke, M., Ghosh, C., Halilovic, I., Hansen, J. -O., Hassan, O., Hauenstein, F., Henry, W., Horowitz, C. J., Jantzi, C., Jian, S., Johnston, S., Jones, D. C., Kakkar, S., Katugampola, S., Keppel, C., King, P. M., King, D. E., Kumar, K. S., Kutz, T., Lashley-Colthirst, N., Leverick, G., Liu, H., Liyanage, N., Mammei, J., Mammei, R., McCaughan, 23 M., McNulty, D., Meekins, D., Metts, C., Michaels, R., Mihovilovic, M., Mondal, M. M., Napolitano, J., Narayan, A., Nikolaev, D., Owen, V., Palatchi, C., Pan, J., Pandey, B., Park, S., Paschke, K. D., Petrusky, M., Pitt, M. L., Premathilake, S., Quinn, B., Radloff, R., Rahman, S., Rashad, M. N. H., Rathnayake, A., Reed, B. T., Reimer, P. E., Richards, R., Riordan, S., Roblin, Y. R., Seeds, S., Shahinyan, A., Souder, P., Thiel, M., Tian, Y., Urciuoli, G. M., Wertz, E. W., Wojtsekhowski, B., Yale, B., Ye, T., Yoon, A., Xiong, W., Zec, A., Zhang, W., Zhang, J., and Zheng, X.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: We report a precise measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry $A_{\rm PV}$ in the elastic scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons from $^{48}{\rm Ca}$. We measure $A_{\rm PV} =2668\pm 106\ {\rm (stat)}\pm 40\ {\rm (syst)}$ parts per billion, leading to an extraction of the neutral weak form factor $F_{\rm W} (q=0.8733$ fm$^{-1}) = 0.1304 \pm 0.0052 \ {\rm (stat)}\pm 0.0020\ {\rm (syst)}$ and the charge minus the weak form factor $F_{\rm ch} - F_{\rm W} = 0.0277\pm 0.0055$. The resulting neutron skin thickness $R_n-R_p=0.121 \pm 0.026\ {\rm (exp)} \pm 0.024\ {\rm (model)}$~fm is relatively thin yet consistent with many model calculations. The combined CREX and PREX results will have implications for future energy density functional calculations and on the density dependence of the symmetry energy of nuclear matter., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures Replace 6-16-22: included ancillary files, corrected errors in references, author affiliations. Small text changes for clarity
Published: 2022
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5. Deeply virtual Compton scattering cross section at high Bjorken $x_B$

Author: Georges, F., Rashad, M. N. H., Stefanko, A., Dlamini, M., Karki, B., Ali, S. F., Lin, P-J., Ko, H-S, Israel, N., Adikaram, D., Ahmed, Z., Albataineh, H., Aljawrneh, B., Allada, K., Allison, S., Alsalmi, S., Androic, D., Aniol, K., Annand, J., Atac, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bai, X., Bane, J., Barcus, S., Bartlett, K., Bellini, V., Beminiwattha, R., Bericic, J., Biswas, D., Brash, E., Bulumulla, D., Campbell, J., Camsonne, A., Carmignotto, M., Castellano, J., Chen, C., Chen, J-P., Chetry, T., Christy, M. E., Cisbani, E., Clary, B., Cohen, E., Compton, N., Cornejo, J. C., Dusa, S. Covrig, Crowe, B., Danagoulian, S., Danley, T., De Persio, F., Deconinck, W., Defurne, M., Desnault, C., Di, D., Duer, M., Duran, B., Ent, R., Fanelli, C., Franklin, G., Fuchey, E., Gal, C., Gaskell, D., Gautam, T., Glamazdin, O., Gnanvo, K., Gray, V. M., Gu, C., Hague, T., Hamad, G., Hamilton, D., Hamilton, K., Hansen, O., Hauenstein, F., Henry, W., Higinbotham, D. W., Holmstrom, T., Horn, T., Huang, Y., Huber, G. M., Hyde, C., Ibrahim, H., Jen, C-M., Jin, K., Jones, M., Kabir, A., Keppel, C., Khachatryan, V., King, P. M., Li, S., Li, W. B., Liu, J., Liu, H., Liyanage, A., Magee, J., Malace, S., Mammei, J., Markowitz, P., McClellan, E., Mazouz, M., Meddi, F., Meekins, D., Mesik, K., Michaels, R., Mkrtchyan, A., Montgomery, R., Camacho, C. Muñoz, Myers, L. S., Nadel-Turonski, P., Nazeer, S. J., Nelyubin, V., Nguyen, D., Nuruzzaman, N., Nycz, M., Obretch, O. F., Ou, L., Palatchi, C., Pandey, B., Park, S., Park, K., Peng, C., Pomatsalyuk, R., Pooser, E., Puckett, A. J. R., Punjabi, V., Quinn, B., Rahman, S., Reimer, P. E., Roche, J., Sapkota, I., Sarty, A., Sawatzky, B., Saylor, N. H., Schmookler, B., Shabestari, M. H., Shahinyan, A., Sirca, S., Smith, G. R., Sooriyaarachchilage, S., Sparveris, N., Spies, R., Su, T., Subedi, A., Sulkosky, V., Sun, A., Thorne, L., Tian, Y., Ton, N., Tortorici, F., Trotta, R., Urciuoli, G. M., Voutier, E., Waidyawansa, B., Wang, Y., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, S., Yan, X., Ye, L., Ye, Z., Yero, C., Zhang, J., Zhao, Y., and Zhu, P.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We report high-precision measurements of the Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) cross section at high values of the Bjorken variable $x_B$. DVCS is sensitive to the Generalized Parton Distributions of the nucleon, which provide a three-dimensional description of its internal constituents. Using the exact analytic expression of the DVCS cross section for all possible polarization states of the initial and final electron and nucleon, and final state photon, we present the first experimental extraction of all four helicity-conserving Compton Form Factors (CFFs) of the nucleon as a function of $x_B$, while systematically including helicity flip amplitudes. In particular, the high accuracy of the present data demonstrates sensitivity to some very poorly known CFFs.
Published: 2022
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6. New Measurements of the Beam-Normal Single Spin Asymmetry in Elastic Electron Scattering Over a Range of Spin-0 Nuclei

Author: PREX, Collaborations, CREX, Adhikari, D., Albataineh, H., Androic, D., Aniol, K., Armstrong, D. S., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Barcus, S., Bellini, V., Beminiwattha, R. S., Benesch, J. F., Bhatt, H., Pathak, D. Bhatta, Bhetuwal, D., Blaikie, B., Boyd, J., Campagna, Q., Camsonne, A., Cates, G. D., Chen, Y., Clarke, C., Cornejo, J. C., Dusa, S. Covrig, Dalton, M. M., Datta, P., Deshpande, A., Dutta, D., Feldman, C., Fuchey, E., Gal, C., Gaskell, D., Gautam, T., Gericke, M., Ghosh, C., Halilovic, I., Hansen, J. -O., Hauenstein, F., Henry, W., Horowitz, C. J., Jantzi, C., Jian, S., Johnston, S., Jones, D. C., Karki, B., Kakkar, S., Katugampola, S., Keppel, C. E., King, P. M., King, D. E., Knauss, M., Kumar, K. S., Kutz, T., Lashley-Colthirst, N., Leverick, G., Liu, H., Liyange, N., Malace, S., Mammei, J., Mammei, R., McCaughan, M., McNulty, D., Meekins, D., Metts, C., Michaels, R., Mihovilovic, M., Mondal, M. M., Napolitano, J., Nikolaev, D., Rashad, M. N. H., Owen, V., Palatchi, C., Pan, J., Pandey, B., Park, S., Paschke, K. D., Petrusky, M., Pitt, M. L., Premathilake, S., Puckett, A. J. R., Quinn, B., Radloff, R., Rahman, S., Rathnayake, A., Reed, B. T., Reimer, P. E., Richards, R., Riordan, S., Roblin, Y., Seeds, S., Shahinyan, A., Souder, P. A., Tang, L., Thiel, M., Tian, Y., Urciuoli, G. M., Wertz, E. W., Wojtsekhowski, B., Xiong, W., Yale, B., Ye, T., Zec, A., Zhang, W., Zhang, J., and Zheng, X.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We report precision determinations of the beam normal single spin asymmetries ($A_n$) in the elastic scattering of 0.95 and 2.18~GeV electrons off $^{12}$C, $^{40}$Ca, $^{48}$Ca, and $^{208}$Pb at very forward angles where the most detailed theoretical calculations have been performed. The first measurements of $A_n$ for $^{40}$Ca and $^{48}$Ca are found to be similar to that of $^{12}$C, consistent with expectations thus demonstrating the validity of theoretical calculations for nuclei with Z~$\leq20$. We also report $A_n$ for $^{208}$Pb at two new momentum transfers (Q$^2$) extending the previous measurement. Our new data confirm the surprising result previously reported, with all three data points showing significant disagreement with the results from the $Z\leq 20$ nuclei. These data confirm our basic understanding of the underlying dynamics that govern $A_n$ for nuclei containing $\lesssim 50$ nucleons, but point to the need for further investigation to understand the unusual $A_n$ behaviour discovered for scattering off $^{208}$Pb., Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures
Published: 2021
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7. Probing for high-momentum protons in He4 via the He4(e,e′p)X reactions

Author: Iqbal, S, Benmokhtar, F, Ivanov, M, See, N, Aniol, K, Higinbotham, DW, Boyd, C, Gadsby, A, Goodwill, JS, Finton, D, Boyer, A, Gilad, S, Saha, A, Udias, JM, Ye, Z, Solvignon, P, Aguilera, P, Ahmed, Z, Albataineh, H, Allada, K, Anderson, B, Anez, D, Annand, J, Arrington, J, Averett, T, Baghdasaryan, H, Bai, X, Beck, A, Beck, S, Bellini, V, Camsonne, A, Chen, C, Chen, J-P, Chirapatpimol, K, Cisbani, E, Dalton, MM, Daniel, A, Day, D, Deconinck, W, Defurne, M, Flay, D, Fomin, N, Friend, M, Frullani, S, Fuchey, E, Garibaldi, F, Gaskell, D, Gilman, R, Glamazdin, S, Gu, C, Guèye, P, Hanretty, C, Hansen, J-O, Shabestari, M Hashemi, Huang, M, Jin, G, Kalantarians, N, Kang, H, Kelleher, A, Korover, I, LeRose, J, Leckey, J, Lindgren, R, Long, E, Mammei, J, Margaziotis, DJ, Markowitz, P, Meekins, D, Meziani, Z, Michaels, R, Mihovilovic, M, Muangma, N, Camacho, C Munoz, Norum, B, Nuruzzaman, Pan, K, Phillips, S, Piasetzky, E, Pomerantz, I, Posik, M, Punjabi, V, Qian, X, Qiang, Y, Qiu, X, Reimer, PE, Rakhman, A, Riordan, S, Ron, G, Rondon-Aramayo, O, Selvy, L, Shahinyan, A, Shneor, R, Sirca, S, Slifer, K, Sparveris, N, Subedi, R, Sulkosky, V, Wang, D, Watson, JW, and Weinstein, LB
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Physical Sciences, Nuclear and plasma physics
Abstract: Experimental cross sections for the He4(e,e′p)X reactions in the missing energy range from 0.017 to 0.022 GeV and up to a missing momentum of 0.632 GeV/c at xB=1.24 and Q2=2 (GeV/c)2 are reported. The data are compared to relativistic distorted-wave impulse approximation calculations for the He4(e,e′p)H3 channel. Significantly more events are observed for pm≥0.45 GeV/c than are predicted by the theoretical model, and striking fluctuations in the ratio of data to the theoretical model around pm=0.3GeV/c are possible signals of initial-state multinucleon correlations.
Published: 2022

8. Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering Cross Section at High Bjorken x_{B}.

Author: Georges, F, Rashad, MNH, Stefanko, A, Dlamini, M, Karki, B, Ali, SF, Lin, P-J, Ko, H-S, Israel, N, Adikaram, D, Ahmed, Z, Albataineh, H, Aljawrneh, B, Allada, K, Allison, S, Alsalmi, S, Androic, D, Aniol, K, Annand, J, Atac, H, Averett, T, Ayerbe Gayoso, C, Bai, X, Bane, J, Barcus, S, Bartlett, K, Bellini, V, Beminiwattha, R, Bericic, J, Biswas, D, Brash, E, Bulumulla, D, Campbell, J, Camsonne, A, Carmignotto, M, Castellano, J, Chen, C, Chen, J-P, Chetry, T, Christy, ME, Cisbani, E, Clary, B, Cohen, E, Compton, N, Cornejo, JC, Covrig Dusa, S, Crowe, B, Danagoulian, S, Danley, T, De Persio, F, Deconinck, W, Defurne, M, Desnault, C, Di, D, Duer, M, Duran, B, Ent, R, Fanelli, C, Franklin, G, Fuchey, E, Gal, C, Gaskell, D, Gautam, T, Glamazdin, O, Gnanvo, K, Gray, VM, Gu, C, Hague, T, Hamad, G, Hamilton, D, Hamilton, K, Hansen, O, Hauenstein, F, Henry, W, Higinbotham, DW, Holmstrom, T, Horn, T, Huang, Y, Huber, GM, Hyde, CE, Ibrahim, H, Jen, C-M, Jin, K, Jones, M, Kabir, A, Keppel, C, Khachatryan, V, King, PM, Li, S, Li, WB, Liu, J, Liu, H, Liyanage, A, Magee, J, Malace, S, Mammei, J, Markowitz, P, McClellan, E, Mazouz, M, and Meddi, F
Subjects: Jefferson Lab Hall A Collaboration, Mathematical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics
Abstract: We report high-precision measurements of the deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) cross section at high values of the Bjorken variable x_{B}. DVCS is sensitive to the generalized parton distributions of the nucleon, which provide a three-dimensional description of its internal constituents. Using the exact analytic expression of the DVCS cross section for all possible polarization states of the initial and final electron and nucleon, and final state photon, we present the first experimental extraction of all four helicity-conserving Compton form factors (CFFs) of the nucleon as a function of x_{B}, while systematically including helicity flip amplitudes. In particular, the high accuracy of the present data demonstrates sensitivity to some very poorly known CFFs.
Published: 2022

9. Measurement of the Nucleon F2n/F2p Structure Function Ratio by the Jefferson Lab MARATHON Tritium/Helium-3 Deep Inelastic Scattering Experiment

Author: Abrams, D, Albataineh, H, Aljawrneh, BS, Alsalmi, S, Androic, D, Aniol, K, Armstrong, W, Arrington, J, Atac, H, Averett, T, Gayoso, C Ayerbe, Bai, X, Bane, J, Barcus, S, Beck, A, Bellini, V, Bhatt, H, Bhetuwal, D, Biswas, D, Blyth, D, Boeglin, W, Bulumulla, D, Butler, J, Camsonne, A, Carmignotto, M, Castellanos, J, Chen, J-P, Cohen, EO, Covrig, S, Craycraft, K, Cruz-Torres, R, Dongwi, B, Duran, B, Dutta, D, Fuchey, E, Gal, C, Gautam, TN, Gilad, S, Gnanvo, K, Gogami, T, Gomez, J, Gu, C, Habarakada, A, Hague, T, Hansen, J-O, Hattawy, M, Hauenstein, F, Higinbotham, DW, Holt, RJ, Hughes, EW, Hyde, C, Ibrahim, H, Jian, S, Joosten, S, Karki, A, Karki, B, Katramatou, AT, Keith, C, Keppel, C, Khachatryan, M, Khachatryan, V, Khanal, A, Kievsky, A, King, D, King, PM, Korover, I, Kulagin, SA, Kumar, KS, Kutz, T, Lashley-Colthirst, N, Li, S, Li, W, Liu, H, Liuti, S, Liyanage, N, Markowitz, P, McClellan, RE, Meekins, D, Beck, S Mey-Tal, Meziani, Z-E, Michaels, R, Mihovilovic, M, Nelyubin, V, Nguyen, D, Nuruzzaman, Nycz, M, Obrecht, R, Olson, M, Owen, VF, Pace, E, Pandey, B, Pandey, V, Paolone, M, Papadopoulou, A, Park, S, Paul, S, Petratos, GG, Petti, R, Piasetzky, E, and Pomatsalyuk, R
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Jefferson Lab Hall A Tritium Collaboration, Mathematical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract: The ratio of the nucleon F_{2} structure functions, F_{2}^{n}/F_{2}^{p}, is determined by the MARATHON experiment from measurements of deep inelastic scattering of electrons from ^{3}H and ^{3}He nuclei. The experiment was performed in the Hall A Facility of Jefferson Lab using two high-resolution spectrometers for electron detection, and a cryogenic target system which included a low-activity tritium cell. The data analysis used a novel technique exploiting the mirror symmetry of the two nuclei, which essentially eliminates many theoretical uncertainties in the extraction of the ratio. The results, which cover the Bjorken scaling variable range 0.19
Published: 2022

10. Deeply virtual Compton scattering off the neutron

Author: Benali, M., Desnault, C., Mazouz, M., Ahmed, Z., Albataineh, H., Allada, K., Aniol, K. A., Bellini, V., Boeglin, W., Bertin, P., Brossard, M., Camsonne, A., Canan, M., Chandavar, S., Chen, C., Chen, J. -P., Defurne, M., de Jager, C. W., de Leo, R., Deur, A., Fassi, L. El, Ent, R., Flay, D., Friend, M., Fuchey, E., Frullani, S., Garibaldi, F., Gaskell, D., Giusa, A., Glamazdin, O., Golge, S., Gomez, J., Hansen, O., Higinbotham, D., Holmstrom, T., Horn, T., Huang, J., Huang, M., Huber, G. M., Hyde, C. E., Iqbal, S., Itard, F., Kang, Ho., Kang, Hy., Kelleher, A., Keppel, C., Koirala, S., Korover, I., LeRose, J. J., Lindgren, R., Long, E., Magne, M., Mammei, J., Margaziotis, D. J., Markowitz, P., Jimenez-Arguello, A. Marti, Meddi, F., Meekins, D., Michaels, R., Mihovilovic, M., Muangma, N., Camacho, C. Munoz, Nadel-Turonski, P., Nuruzzaman, N., Paremuzyan, R., Pomatsalyuk, R., Puckett, A., Punjabi, V., Qiang, Y., Rakhman, A., Rashad, M. N. H., Riordan, S., Roche, J., Russo, G., Sabatie, F., Saenboonruang, K., Saha, A., Sawatzky, B., Selvy, L., Shahinyan, A., Sirca, S., Solvignon, P., Sperduto, M. L., Subedi, R., Sulkosky, V., Sutera, C., Tobias, W. A., Urciuoli, G. M., Wang, D., Wojtsekhowski, B., Yao, H., Ye, Z., Zana, L., Zhan, X., Zhang, J., Zhao, B., Zhao, Z., Zheng, X., and Zhu, P.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The three-dimensional structure of nucleons (protons and neutrons) is embedded in so-called generalized parton distributions, which are accessible from deeply virtual Compton scattering. In this process, a high energy electron is scattered off a nucleon by exchanging a virtual photon. Then, a highly-energetic real photon is emitted from one of the quarks inside the nucleon, which carries information on the quark's transverse position and longitudinal momentum. By measuring the cross-section of deeply virtual Compton scattering, Compton form factors related to the generalized parton distributions can be extracted. Here, we report the observation of unpolarized deeply virtual Compton scattering off a deuterium target. From the measured photon-electroproduction cross-sections, we have extracted the cross-section of a quasi-free neutron and a coherent deuteron. Due to the approximate isospin symmetry of quantum chromodynamics, we can determine the contributions from the different quark flavours to the helicity-conserved Compton form factors by combining our measurements with previous ones probing the proton's internal structure. These results advance our understanding of the description of the nucleon structure, which is important to solve the proton spin puzzle.
Published: 2021
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11. Form Factors and Two-Photon Exchange in High-Energy Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering

Author: Christy, ME, Gautam, T, Ou, L, Schmookler, B, Wang, Y, Adikaram, D, Ahmed, Z, Albataineh, H, Ali, SF, Aljawrneh, B, Allada, K, Allison, SL, Alsalmi, S, Androic, D, Aniol, K, Annand, J, Arrington, J, Atac, H, Averett, T, Gayoso, C Ayerbe, Bai, X, Bane, J, Barcus, S, Bartlett, K, Bellini, V, Beminiwattha, R, Bericic, J, Bhatt, H, Bhetuwal, D, Biswas, D, Brash, E, Bulumulla, D, Camacho, CM, Campbell, J, Camsonne, A, Carmignotto, M, Castellanos, J, Chen, C, Chen, J-P, Chetry, T, Cisbani, E, Clary, B, Cohen, E, Compton, N, Cornejo, JC, Dusa, S Covrig, Crowe, B, Danagoulian, S, Danley, T, Deconinck, W, Defurne, M, Desnault, C, Di, D, Dlamini, M, Duer, M, Duran, B, Ent, R, Fanelli, C, Fuchey, E, Gal, C, Gaskell, D, Georges, F, Gilad, S, Glamazdin, O, Gnanvo, K, Gramolin, AV, Gray, VM, Gu, C, Habarakada, A, Hague, T, Hamad, G, Hamilton, D, Hamilton, K, Hansen, O, Hauenstein, F, Hernandez, AV, Henry, W, Higinbotham, DW, Holmstrom, T, Horn, T, Huang, Y, Huber, GM, Hyde, C, Ibrahim, H, Israel, N, Jen, C-M, Jin, K, Jones, M, Kabir, A, Karki, B, Keppel, C, Khachatryan, V, King, PM, Li, S, Li, W, Liu, H, Liu, J, Liyanage, AH, Mack, D, and Magee, J
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Mathematical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract: We present new precision measurements of the elastic electron-proton scattering cross section for momentum transfer (Q^{2}) up to 15.75 (GeV/c)^{2}. Combined with existing data, these provide an improved extraction of the proton magnetic form factor at high Q^{2} and double the range over which a longitudinal or transverse separation of the cross section can be performed. The difference between our results and polarization data agrees with that observed at lower Q^{2} and attributed to hard two-photon exchange (TPE) effects, extending to 8 (GeV/c)^{2} the range of Q^{2} for which a discrepancy is established at >95% confidence. We use the discrepancy to quantify the size of TPE contributions needed to explain the cross section at high Q^{2}.
Published: 2022

12. Measurement of the Nucleon $F^n_2/F^p_2$ Structure Function Ratio by the Jefferson Lab MARATHON Tritium/Helium-3 Deep Inelastic Scattering Experiment

Author: MARATHON Collaboration, Abrams, D., Albataineh, H., Aljawrneh, B. S., Alsalmi, S., Aniol, K., Armstrong, W., Arrington, J., Atac, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bai, X., Bane, J., Barcus, S., Beck, A., Bellini, V., Bhatt, H., Bhetuwal, D., Biswas, D., Blyth, D., Boeglin, W., Bulumulla, D., Butler, J., Camsonne, A., Carmignotto, M., Castellanos, J., Chen, J. -P., Cohen, E. O., Covrig, S., Craycraft, K., Cruz-Torres, R., Dongwi, B., Duran, B., Dutta, D., Fuchey, E., Gal, C., Gautam, T. N., Gilad, S., Gnanvo, K., Gogami, T., Gomez, J., Gu, C., Habarakada, A., Hague, T., Hansen, J. -O., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., Higinbotham, D. W., Holt, R. J., Hughes, E. W., Hyde, C., Ibrahim, H., Jian, S., Joosten, S., Karki, A., Karki, B., Katramatou, A. T., Keith, C., Keppel, C., Khachatryan, M., Khachatryan, V., Khanal, A., Kievsky, A., King, D., King, P. M., Korover, I., Kulagin, S. A., Kumar, K. S., Kutz, T., Lashley-Colthirst, N., Li, S., Li, W., Liu, H., Liuti, S., Liyanage, N., Markowitz, P., McClellan, R. E., Meekins, D., Beck, S. Mey-Tal, Meziani, Z. -E., Michaels, R., Mihovilovic, M., Nelyubin, V., Nguyen, D., Nuruzzaman, Nycz, M., Obrecht, R., Olson, M., Owen, V. F., Pace, E., Pandey, B., Pandey, V., Paolone, M., Papadopoulou, A., Park, S., Paul, S., Petratos, G. G., Petti, R., Piasetzky, E., Pomatsalyuk, R., Premathilake, S., Puckett, A. J. R., Punjabi, V., Ransome, R. D., Rashad, M. N. H., Reimer, P. E., Riordan, S., Roche, J., Salme, G., Santiesteban, N., Sawatzky, B., Scopetta, S., Schmidt, A., Schmookler, B., Segal, J., Segarra, E. P., Shahinyan, A., Sirca, S., Sparveris, N., Su, T., Suleiman, R., Szumila-Vance, H., Tadepalli, A. S., Tang, L., Tireman, W., Tortorici, F., Urciuoli, G. M., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, S., Ye, Z. H., Ye, Z. Y., and Zhang, J.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The ratio of the nucleon $F_2$ structure functions, $F_2^n/F_2^p$, is determined by the MARATHON experiment from measurements of deep inelastic scattering of electrons from $^3$H and $^3$He nuclei. The experiment was performed in the Hall A Facility of Jefferson Lab and used two high resolution spectrometers for electron detection, and a cryogenic target system which included a low-activity tritium cell. The data analysis used a novel technique exploiting the mirror symmetry of the two nuclei, which essentially eliminates many theoretical uncertainties in the extraction of the ratio. The results, which cover the Bjorken scaling variable range $0.19 < x < 0.83$, represent a significant improvement compared to previous SLAC and Jefferson Lab measurements for the ratio. They are compared to recent theoretical calculations and empirical determinations of the $F_2^n/F_2^p$ ratio.
Published: 2021

13. Form Factors and Two-Photon Exchange in High-Energy Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering

Author: Christy, M. E., Gautam, T., Ou, L., Schmookler, B., Wang, Y., Adikaram, D., Ahmed, Z., Albataineh, H., Ali, S. F., Aljawrneh, B., Allada, K., Allison, S. L., Alsalmi, S., Androic, D., Aniol, K., Annand, J., Arrington, J., Atac, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bai, X., Bane, J., Barcus, S., Bartlett, K., Bellini, V., Beminiwattha, R., Bericic, J., Bhatt, H., Bhetuwal, D., Biswas, D., Brash, E., Bulumulla, D., Camacho, C. M., Campbell, J., Camsonne, A., Carmignotto, M., Castellanos, J., Chen, C., Chen, J-P., Chetry, T., Cisbani, E., Clary, B., Cohen, E., Compton, N., Cornejo, J. C., Dusa, S. Covrig, Crowe, B., Danagoulian, S., Danley, T., Deconinck, W., Defurne, M., Desnault, C., Di, D., Dlamini, M., Duer, M., Duran, B., Ent, R., Fanelli, C., Fuchey, E., Gal, C., Gaskell, D., Georges, F., Gilad, S., Glamazdin, O., Gnanvo, K., Gramolin, A. V., Gray, V. M., Gu, C., Habarakada, A., Hague, T., Hamad, G., Hamilton, D., Hamilton, K., Hansen, O., Hauenstein, F., Hernandez, A. V., Henry, W., Higinbotham, D. W., Holmstrom, T., Horn, T., Huang, Y., Huber, G. M., Hyde, C., Ibrahim, H., Israel, N., Jen, C-M., Jin, K., Jones, M., Kabir, A., Karki, B., Keppel, C., Khachatryan, V., King, P. M., Li, S., Li, W., Liu, H., Liu, J., Liyanage, A. H., Mack, D., Magee, J., Malace, S., Mammei, J., Markowitz, P., Mayilyan, S., McClellan, E., Meddi, F., Meekins, D., Mesick, K., Michaels, R., Mkrtchyan, A., Moffit, B., Montgomery, R., Myers, L. S., Nadel-Turonski, P., Nazeer, S. J., Nelyubin, V., Nguyen, D., Nuruzzaman, N., Nycz, M., Obrecht, R. F., Ohanyan, K., Palatchi, C., Pandey, B., Park, K., Park, S., Peng, C., Persio, F. D., Pomatsalyuk, R., Pooser, E., Puckett, A. J. R., Punjabi, V., Quinn, B., Rahman, S., Rashad, M. N. H., Riordan, S., Roche, J., Sapkota, I., Sarty, A., Sawatzky, B., Saylor, N. H., Shabestari, M. H., Shahinyan, A., Sirca, S., Smith, G. R., Sooriyaarachchilage, S., Sparveris, N., Spies, R., Stefanko, A., Su, T., Subedi, A., Sulkosky, V., Sun, A., Tan, Y., Thorne, L., Ton, N., Tortorici, F., Trotta, R., Uniyal, R., Urciuoli, G. M., Voutier, E., Waidyawansa, B., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, S., Yan, X., Ye, L., Ye, Z. H., Yero, C., Zhang, J., Zhao, Y. X., and Zhu, P.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We present new precision measurements of the elastic electron-proton scattering cross section for momentum transfer (Q$^2$) up to 15.75~\gevsq. Combined with existing data, these provide an improved extraction of the proton magnetic form factor at high Q$^2$ and double the range over which a longitudinal/transverse separation of the cross section can be performed. The difference between our results and polarization data agrees with that observed at lower Q$^2$ and attributed to hard two-photon exchange (TPE) effects, extending to 8~(GeV/c)$^2$ the range of Q$^2$ for which a discrepancy is established at $>$95\% confidence. We use the discrepancy to quantify the size of TPE contributions needed to explain the cross section at high Q$^2$., Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures
Published: 2021
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14. Accurate Determination of the Neutron Skin Thickness of $^{208}$Pb through Parity-Violation in Electron Scattering

Author: Adhikari, D., Albataineh, H., Androic, D., Aniol, K., Armstrong, D. S., Averett, T., Barcus, S., Bellini, V., Beminiwattha, R. S., Benesch, J. F., Bhatt, H., Pathak, D. Bhatta, Bhetuwal, D., Blaikie, B., Campagna, Q., Camsonne, A., Cates, G. D., Chen, Y., Clarke, C., Cornejo, J. C., Dusa, S. Covrig, Datta, P., Deshpande, A., Dutta, D., Feldman, C., Fuchey, E., Gal, C., Gaskell, D., Gautam, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Gericke, M., Ghosh, C., Halilovic, I., Hansen, J. -O., Hauenstein, F., Henry, W., Horowitz, C. J., Jantzi, C., Jian, S., Johnston, S., Jones, D. C., Karki, B., Katugampola, S., Keppel, C., King, P. M., King, D. E., Knauss, M., Kumar, K. S., Kutz, T., Lashley-Colthirst, N., Leverick, G., Liu, H., Liyange, N., Malace, S., Mammei, R., Mammei, J., McCaughan, M., McNulty, D., Meekins, D., Metts, C., Michaels, R., Mondal, M. M., Napolitano, J., Narayan, A., Nikolaev, D., Rashad, M. N. H., Owen, V., Palatchi, C., Pan, 14 J., Pandey, B., Park, S., Paschke, K. D., Petrusky, M., Pitt, M. L., Premathilake, S., Puckett, A. J. R., Quinn, B., Radloff, R., Rahman, S., Rathnayake, A., Reed, B. T., Reimer, P. E., Richards, R., Riordan, S., Roblin, Y., Seeds, S., Shahinyan, A., Souder, P., Tang, L., Thiel, 16 M., Tian, Y., Urciuoli, G. M., Wertz, E. W., Wojtsekhowski, B., Yale, B., Ye, T., Yoon, A., Zec, A., Zhang, W., Zhang, J., and Zheng, X.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We report a precision measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry $A_{PV}$ in the elastic scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons from $^{208}$Pb. We measure $A_{PV}=550\pm 16 {\rm (stat)}\pm 8\ {\rm (syst)}$ parts per billion, leading to an extraction of the neutral weak form factor $F_W(Q^2 = 0.00616\ {\rm GeV}^2) = 0.368 \pm 0.013$. Combined with our previous measurement, the extracted neutron skin thickness is $R_n-R_p=0.283 \pm 0.071$~fm. The result also yields the first significant direct measurement of the interior weak density of $^{208}$Pb: $\rho^0_W = -0.0796\pm0.0036\ {\rm (exp.)}\pm0.0013\ {\rm (theo.)}\ {\rm fm}^{-3}$ leading to the interior baryon density $\rho^0_b = 0.1480\pm0.0036\ {\rm (exp.)}\pm0.0013\ {\rm (theo.)}\ {\rm fm}^{-3}$. The measurement accurately constrains the density dependence of the symmetry energy of nuclear matter near saturation density, with implications for the size and composition of neutron stars.
Published: 2021
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15. Deep Exclusive Electroproduction of π0 at High Q2 in the Quark Valence Regime

Author: Dlamini, M, Karki, B, Ali, SF, Lin, P-J, Georges, F, Ko, H-S, Israel, N, Rashad, MNH, Stefanko, A, Adikaram, D, Ahmed, Z, Albataineh, H, Aljawrneh, B, Allada, K, Allison, S, Alsalmi, S, Androic, D, Aniol, K, Annand, J, Atac, H, Averett, T, Ayerbe Gayoso, C, Bai, X, Bane, J, Barcus, S, Bartlett, K, Bellini, V, Beminiwattha, R, Bericic, J, Biswas, D, Brash, E, Bulumulla, D, Campbell, J, Camsonne, A, Carmignotto, M, Castellano, J, Chen, C, Chen, J-P, Chetry, T, Christy, ME, Cisbani, E, Clary, B, Cohen, E, Compton, N, Cornejo, JC, Covrig Dusa, S, Crowe, B, Danagoulian, S, Danley, T, De Persio, F, Deconinck, W, Defurne, M, Desnault, C, Di, D, Duer, M, Duran, B, Ent, R, Fanelli, C, Franklin, G, Fuchey, E, Gal, C, Gaskell, D, Gautam, T, Glamazdin, O, Gnanvo, K, Gray, VM, Gu, C, Hague, T, Hamad, G, Hamilton, D, Hamilton, K, Hansen, O, Hauenstein, F, Henry, W, Higinbotham, DW, Holmstrom, T, Horn, T, Huang, Y, Huber, GM, Hyde, C, Ibrahim, H, Jen, C-M, Jin, K, Jones, M, Kabir, A, Keppel, C, Khachatryan, V, King, PM, Li, S, Li, W, Liu, J, Liu, H, Liyanage, A, Magee, J, Malace, S, Mammei, J, Markowitz, P, McClellan, E, Meddi, F, and Meekins, D
Subjects: Jefferson Lab Hall A Collaboration, Mathematical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics
Abstract: We report measurements of the exclusive neutral pion electroproduction cross section off protons at large values of x_{B} (0.36, 0.48, and 0.60) and Q^{2} (3.1 to 8.4 GeV^{2}) obtained from Jefferson Lab Hall A experiment E12-06-014. The corresponding structure functions dσ_{T}/dt+εdσ_{L}/dt, dσ_{TT}/dt, dσ_{LT}/dt, and dσ_{LT^{'}}/dt are extracted as a function of the proton momentum transfer t-t_{min}. The results suggest the amplitude for transversely polarized virtual photons continues to dominate the cross section throughout this kinematic range. The data are well described by calculations based on transversity generalized parton distributions coupled to a helicity flip distribution amplitude of the pion, thus providing a unique way to probe the structure of the nucleon.
Published: 2021

16. Deep exclusive electroproduction of $\pi^0$ at high $Q^2$ in the quark valence regime

Author: The Jefferson Lab Hall A Collaboration, Dlamini, M., Karki, B., Ali, S. F., Lin, P-J., Georges, F., Ko, H-S, Israel, N., Rashad, M. N. H., Stefanko, A., Adikaram, D., Ahmed, Z., Albataineh, H., Aljawrneh, B., Allada, K., Allison, S., Alsalmi, S., Androic, D., Aniol, K., Annand, J., Atac, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bai, X., Bane, J., Barcus, S., Bartlett, K., Bellini, V., Beminiwattha, R., Bericic, J., Biswas, D., Brash, E., Bulumulla, D., Campbell, J., Camsonne, A., Carmignotto, M., Castellano, J., Chen, C., Chen, J-P., Chetry, T., Christy, M. E., Cisbani, E., Clary, B., Cohen, E., Compton, N., Cornejo, J. C., Dusa, S. Covrig, Crowe, B., Danagoulian, S., Danley, T., De Persio, F., Deconinck, W., Defurne, M., Desnault, C., Di, D., Duer, M., Duran, B., Ent, R., Fanelli, C., Franklin, G., Fuchey, E., Gal, C., Gaskell, D., Gautam, T., Glamazdin, O., Gnanvo, K., Gray, V. M., Gu, C., Hague, T., Hamad, G., Hamilton, D., Hamilton, K., Hansen, O., Hauenstein, F., Henry, W., Higinbotham, D. W., Holmstrom, T., Horn, T., Huang, Y., Huber, G. M., Hyde, C., Ibrahim, H., Jen, C-M., Jin, K., Jones, M., Kabir, A., Keppel, C., Khachatryan, V., King, P. M., Li, S., Li, W., Liu, J., Liu, H., Liyanage, A., Magee, J., Malace, S., Mammei, J., Markowitz, P., McClellan, E., Meddi, F., Meekins, D., Mesik, K., Michaels, R., Mkrtchyan, A., Montgomery, R., Camacho, C. Munoz, Myers, L. S., Nadel-Turonski, P., Nazeer, S. J., Nelyubin, V., Nguyen, D., Nuruzzaman, N., Nycz, M., Obretch, O. F., Ou, L., Palatchi, C., Pandey, B., Park, S., Park, K., Peng, C., Pomatsalyuk, R., Pooser, E., Puckett, A. J. R., Punjabi, V., Quinn, B., Rahman, S., Reimer, P. E., Roche, J., Sapkota, I., Sarty, A., Sawatzky, B., Saylor, N. H., Schmookler, B., Shabestari, M. H., Shahinyan, A., Sirca, S., Smith, G. R., Sooriyaarachchilage, S., Sparveris, N., Spies, R., Su, T., Subedi, A., Sulkosky, V., Sun, A., Thorne, L., Tian, Y., Ton, N., Tortorici, F., Trotta, R., Urciuoli, G. M., Voutier, E., Waidyawansa, B., Wang, Y., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, S., Yan, X., Ye, L., Ye, Z., Yero, C., Zhang, J., Zhao, Y., and Zhu, P.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We report measurements of the exclusive neutral pion electroproduction cross section off protons at large values of $x_B$ (0.36, 0.48 and 0.60) and $Q^2$ (3.1 to 8.4 GeV$^2$) obtained from Jefferson Lab Hall A experiment E12-06-014. The corresponding structure functions $d\sigma_L/dt+\epsilon d\sigma_T/dt$, $d\sigma_{TT}/dt$, $d\sigma_{LT}/dt$ and $d\sigma_{LT'}/dt$ are extracted as a function of the proton momentum transfer $t-t_{min}$. The results suggest the amplitude for transversely polarized virtual photons continues to dominate the cross-section throughout this kinematic range. The data are well described by calculations based on transversity Generalized Parton Distributions coupled to a helicity flip Distribution Amplitude of the pion, thus providing a unique way to probe the structure of the nucleon.
Published: 2020
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17. Novel observation of isospin structure of short-range correlations in calcium isotopes

Author: Nguyen, D., Ye, Z., Aguilera, P., Ahmed, Z., Albataineh, H., Allada, K., Anderson, B., Anez, D., Aniol, K., Annand, J., Arrington, J., Averett, T., Baghdasaryan, H., Bai, X., Beck, A., Beck, S., Bellini, V., Benmokhtar, F., Camsonne, A., Chen, C., Chen, J. -P., Chirapatpimol, K., Cisbani, E., Dalton, M. M., Daniel, A., Day, D., Deconinck, W., Defurne, M., Flay, D., Fomin, N., Friend, M., Frullani, S., Fuchey, E., Garibaldi, F., Gaskell, D., Gilad, S., Gilman, R., Glamazdin, S., Gu, C., Guèye, P., Hanretty, C., Hansen, J. -O., Shabestari, M. Hashemi, Higinbotham, D. W., Huang, M., Iqbal, S., Jin, G., Kalantarians, N., Kang, H., her, A. Kelle, Korover, I., LeRose, J., Leckey, J., Li, S., Lindgren, R., Long, E., Mammei, J., Margaziotis, D. J., Markowitz, P., Meekins, D., Meziani, Z. -E., Michaels, R., Mihovilovi\v, M., Muangma, N., Camacho, C. Munoz, Norum, B. E., Nuruzzaman, Pan, K., Phillips, S., Piasetzky, E., Pomerantz, I., Posik, M., Punjabi, V., Qian, X., Qiang, Y., Qiu, X., Reimer, P. E., Rakhman, A., Riordan, S., Ron, G., Rondon-Aramayo, O., Saha, A., Selvy, L., Shahinyan, A., Shneor, R., \v, S., Slifer, K., Solvignon, P., Sparveris, N., Subedi, R., Sulkosky, V., Wang, D., Watson, J. W., Weinstein, L. B., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, S. A., Yaron, I., Zhan, X., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y. W., Zhao, B., Zheng, X., Zhu, P., and Zielinski, R.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Short Range Correlations (SRCs) have been identified as being responsible for the high momentum tail of the nucleon momentum distribution, n(k). Hard, short-range interactions of nucleon pairs generate the high momentum tail and imprint a universal character on n(k) for all nuclei at large momentum. Triple coincidence experiments have shown a strong dominance of np pairs, but these measurements involve large final state interactions. This paper presents the results from Jefferson Lab experiment E08014 which measured inclusive electron scattering cross-section from Ca isotopes. By comparing the inclusive cross section from 48Ca to 40Ca in a kinematic region dominated by SRCs we provide a new way to study the isospin structure of SRCs., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2020
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18. Probing few-body nuclear dynamics via 3H and 3He (e,e'p)pn cross-section measurements

Author: Cruz-Torres, R., Nguyen, D., Hauenstein, F., Schmidt, A., Li, S., Abrams, D., Albataineh, H., Alsalmi, S., Androic, D., Aniol, K., Armstrong, W., Arrington, J., Atac, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bai, X., Bane, J., Barcus, S., Beck, A., Bellini, V., Benmokhtar, F., Bhatt, H., Bhetuwal, D., Biswas, D., Blyth, D., Boeglin, W., Bulumulla, D., Camsonne, A., Castellanos, J., Chen, J-P., Cohen, E. O., Covrig, S., Craycraft, K., Dongwi, B., Duer, M., Duran, B., Dutta, D., Fuchey, E., Gal, C., Gautam, T. N., Gilad, S., Gnanvo, K., Gogami, T., Golak, J., Gomez, J., Gu, C., Hague, A. Habarakada T., Hansen, O., Hattawy, M., Hen, O., Higinbotham, D. W., Hughes, E., Hyde, C., Ibrahim, H., Jian, S., Joosten, S., Kamada, H., Karki, A., Karki, B., Katramatou, A. T., Keppel, C., Khachatryan, M., Khachatryan, V., Khanal, A., King, D., King, P., Korover, I., Kutz, T., Lashley-Colthirst, N., Laskaris, G., Li, W., Liu, H., Liyanage, N., Markowitz, P., McClellan, R. E., Meekins, D., Meziani, S. Mey-Tal Beck Z-E., Michaels, R., Mihovilovic, M., Nelyubin, V., Nuruzzaman, N., Nycz, M., Obrecht, R., Olson, M., Ou, L., Owen, V., Pandey, B., Pandey, V., Papadopoulou, A., Park, S., Patsyuk, M., Paul, S., Petratos, G. G., Piasetzky, E., Pomatsalyuk, R., Premathilake, S., Puckett, A. J. R., Punjabi, V., Ransome, R., Rashad, M. N. H., Reimer, P. E., Riordan, S., Roche, J., Sargsian, M., Santiesteban, N., Sawatzky, B., Segarra, E. P., Schmookler, B., Shahinyan, A., Sirca, S., Skibinski, R., Sparveris, N., Su, T., Suleiman, R., Szumila-Vance, H., Tadepalli, A. S., Tang, L., Tireman, W., Topolnicki, K., Tortorici, F., Urciuoli, G., Weinstein, L. B., Witala, H., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, S., Ye, Z. H., Ye, Z. Y., and Zhang, J.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: We report the first measurement of the \eep three-body breakup reaction cross sections in helium-3 ($^3$He) and tritium ($^3$H) at large momentum transfer ($\langle Q^2 \rangle \approx 1.9$ (GeV/c)$^2$) and $x_B>1$ kinematics, where the cross section should be sensitive to quasielastic (QE) scattering from single nucleons. The data cover missing momenta $40 \le p_{miss} \le 500$ MeV/c that, in the QE limit with no rescattering, equals the initial momentum of the probed nucleon. The measured cross sections are compared with state-of-the-art ab-initio calculations. Overall good agreement, within $\pm20\%$, is observed between data and calculations for the full $p_{miss}$ range for $^3$H and for $100 \le p_{miss} \le 350$ MeV/c for $^3$He. Including the effects of rescattering of the outgoing nucleon improves agreement with the data at $p_{miss} > 250$ MeV/c and suggests contributions from charge-exchange (SCX) rescattering. The isoscalar sum of $^3$He plus $^3$H, which is largely insensitive to SCX, is described by calculations to within the accuracy of the data over the entire $p_{miss}$ range. This validates current models of the ground state of the three-nucleon system up to very high initial nucleon momenta of $500$ MeV/c., Comment: Accepted for publication in PRL. 8 pages, 3 figures, and online supplementary materials
Published: 2020
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19. Measurement of the Nucleon $F^n_2/F^p_2$ Structure Function Ratio by the Jefferson Lab MARATHON Tritium/Helium-3 Deep Inelastic Scattering Experiment

Author: Collaboration, MARATHON, Abrams, D, Albataineh, H, Aljawrneh, BS, Alsalmi, S, Aniol, K, Armstrong, W, Arrington, J, Atac, H, Averett, T, Gayoso, C Ayerbe, Bai, X, Bane, J, Barcus, S, Beck, A, Bellini, V, Bhatt, H, Bhetuwal, D, Biswas, D, Blyth, D, Boeglin, W, Bulumulla, D, Butler, J, Camsonne, A, Carmignotto, M, Castellanos, J, Chen, J-P, Cohen, EO, Covrig, S, Craycraft, K, Cruz-Torres, R, Dongwi, B, Duran, B, Dutta, D, Fuchey, E, Gal, C, Gautam, TN, Gilad, S, Gnanvo, K, Gogami, T, Gomez, J, Gu, C, Habarakada, A, Hague, T, Hansen, J-O, Hattawy, M, Hauenstein, F, Higinbotham, DW, Holt, RJ, Hughes, EW, Hyde, C, Ibrahim, H, Jian, S, Joosten, S, Karki, A, Karki, B, Katramatou, AT, Keith, C, Keppel, C, Khachatryan, M, Khachatryan, V, Khanal, A, Kievsky, A, King, D, King, PM, Korover, I, Kulagin, SA, Kumar, KS, Kutz, T, Lashley-Colthirst, N, Li, S, Li, W, Liu, H, Liuti, S, Liyanage, N, Markowitz, P, McClellan, RE, Meekins, D, Beck, S Mey-Tal, Meziani, Z-E, Michaels, R, Mihovilovic, M, Nelyubin, V, Nguyen, D, Nuruzzaman, Nycz, M, Obrecht, R, Olson, M, Owen, VF, Pace, E, Pandey, B, Pandey, V, Paolone, M, Papadopoulou, A, Park, S, Paul, S, Petratos, GG, Petti, R, Piasetzky, E, and Pomatsalyuk, R
Subjects: hep-ex
Abstract: The ratio of the nucleon $F_2$ structure functions, $F_2^n/F_2^p$, isdetermined by the MARATHON experiment from measurements of deep inelasticscattering of electrons from $^3$H and $^3$He nuclei. The experiment wasperformed in the Hall A Facility of Jefferson Lab and used two high resolutionspectrometers for electron detection, and a cryogenic target system whichincluded a low-activity tritium cell. The data analysis used a novel techniqueexploiting the mirror symmetry of the two nuclei, which essentially eliminatesmany theoretical uncertainties in the extraction of the ratio. The results,which cover the Bjorken scaling variable range $0.19 < x < 0.83$, represent asignificant improvement compared to previous SLAC and Jefferson Labmeasurements for the ratio. They are compared to recent theoreticalcalculations and empirical determinations of the $F_2^n/F_2^p$ ratio.
Published: 2021

20. Form Factors and Two-Photon Exchange in High-Energy Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering

Author: Christy, ME, Gautam, T, Ou, L, Schmookler, B, Wang, Y, Adikaram, D, Ahmed, Z, Albataineh, H, Ali, SF, Aljawrneh, B, Allada, K, Allison, SL, Alsalmi, S, Androic, D, Aniol, K, Annand, J, Arrington, J, Atac, H, Averett, T, Gayoso, C Ayerbe, Bai, X, Bane, J, Barcus, S, Bartlett, K, Bellini, V, Beminiwattha, R, Bericic, J, Bhatt, H, Bhetuwal, D, Biswas, D, Brash, E, Bulumulla, D, Camacho, CM, Campbell, J, Camsonne, A, Carmignotto, M, Castellanos, J, Chen, C, Chen, J-P, Chetry, T, Cisbani, E, Clary, B, Cohen, E, Compton, N, Cornejo, JC, Dusa, S Covrig, Crowe, B, Danagoulian, S, Danley, T, Deconinck, W, Defurne, M, Desnault, C, Di, D, Dlamini, M, Duer, M, Duran, B, Ent, R, Fanelli, C, Fuchey, E, Gal, C, Gaskell, D, Georges, F, Gilad, S, Glamazdin, O, Gnanvo, K, Gramolin, AV, Gray, VM, Gu, C, Habarakada, A, Hague, T, Hamad, G, Hamilton, D, Hamilton, K, Hansen, O, Hauenstein, F, Hernandez, AV, Henry, W, Higinbotham, DW, Holmstrom, T, Horn, T, Huang, Y, Huber, GM, Hyde, C, Ibrahim, H, Israel, N, Jen, C-M, Jin, K, Jones, M, Kabir, A, Karki, B, Keppel, C, Khachatryan, V, King, PM, Li, S, Li, W, Liu, H, Liu, J, Liyanage, AH, Mack, D, and Magee, J
Subjects: nucl-ex, hep-ex
Abstract: We present new precision measurements of the elastic electron-protonscattering cross section for momentum transfer (Q$^2$) up to 15.75~\gevsq.Combined with existing data, these provide an improved extraction of the protonmagnetic form factor at high Q$^2$ and double the range over which alongitudinal/transverse separation of the cross section can be performed. Thedifference between our results and polarization data agrees with that observedat lower Q$^2$ and attributed to hard two-photon exchange (TPE) effects,extending to 8~(GeV/c)$^2$ the range of Q$^2$ for which a discrepancy isestablished at $>$95\% confidence. We use the discrepancy to quantify the sizeof TPE contributions needed to explain the cross section at high Q$^2$.
Published: 2021

21. Probing for high momentum protons in $^4$He via the $^4He(e,e'p)X$ reaction

Author: Iqbal, S., Benmokhtar, F., Ivanov, M., See, N., Aniol, K., Higinbotham, D. W., Boyd, C., Gadsby, A., Gilad, S., Saha, A., Udias, J. M., Goodwill, J. S., Finton, D., Boyer, A., Ye, Z., Solvignon, P., Aguilera, P., Ahmed, Z., Albataineh, H., Allada, K., Anderson, B., Anez, D., Annand, J., Arrington, J., Averett, T., Baghdasaryan, H., Bai, X., Beck, A., Beck, S., Bellini, V., Camsonne, A., Chen, C., Chen, J. -P., Chirapatpimol, K., Cisbani, E., Dalton, M. M., Daniel, A., Day, D., Deconinck, W., Defurne, M., Flay, D., Fomin, N., Friend, M., Frullani, S., Fuchey, E., Garibaldi, F., Gaskell, D., Gilman, R., Glamazdin, S., Gu, C., Gueye, P., Hanretty, C., Hansen, J. -O., Shabestari, M. Hashemi, Huang, M., Jin, G., Kalantarians, N., Kang, H., Kelleher, A., Korover, I., LeRose, J., Leckey, J., Lindgren, R., Long, E., Mammei, J., Margaziotis, D. J., Markowitz, P., Meekins, D., Meziani, Z., Michaels, R., Mihovilovic, M., Muangma, N., Camacho, C. Munoz, Norum, B., Nuruzzaman, Nuruzzaman, Pan, K., Phillips, S., Piasetzky, E., Pomerantz, I., Posik, M., Punjabi, V., Qian, X., Qiang, Y., Qiu, X., Reimer, P. E., Rakhman, A ., Riordan, S., Ron, G., Rondon-Aramayo, O., Selvy, L., Shahinyan, A., Shneor, R., Sirca, S., Slifer, K., Sparveris, N., Subedi, R., Sulkosky, V., Wang, D., Watson, J. W., Weinstein, L. B., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, S. A., Yaron, I., Zhan, X., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y. W., Zhao, B., Zheng, X., Zhu, P., and Zielinski, R.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Experimental cross sections for the $^4He(e,e'p)X$ reaction up to a missing momentum of 0.632 GeV/$c$ at $x_B=1.24$ and $Q^2$=2(GeV/$c$)$^2$ are reported. The data are compared to Relativistic Distorted Wave Impulse Approximation(RDWIA) calculations for $^4He(e,e'p)^3H$ channel. Significantly more events in the triton mass region are measured for $p_{m}$$>$0.45 GeV/$c$ than are predicted by the theoretical model, suggesting that the effects of initial-state multi-nucleon correlations are stronger than expected by the RDWIA model., Comment: Submitted to PRC
Published: 2019

22. Comparing proton momentum distributions in $A=2$ and 3 nuclei via $^2$H $^3$H and $^3$He $(e, e'p)$ measurements

Author: Cruz-Torres, R., Li, S., Hauenstein, F., Schmidt, A., Nguyen, D., Abrams, D., Albataineh, H., Alsalmi, S., Androic, D., Aniol, K., Armstrong, W., Arrington, J., Atac, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bai, X., Bane, J., Barcus, S., Beck, A., Bellini, V., Bhatt, H., Bhetuwal, D., Biswas, D., Blyth, D., Boeglin, W., Bulumulla, D., Camsonne, A., Castellanos, J., Chen, J. -P., Cohen, E. O., Covrig, S., Craycraft, K., Dongwi, B., Duer, M., Duran, B., Dutta, D., Fuchey, E., Gal, C., Gautam, T. N., Gilad, S., Gnanvo, K., Gogami, T., Gomez, J., Gu, C., Habarakada, A., Hague, T., Hansen, O., Hattawy, M., Hen, O., Higinbotham, D. W., Hughes, E., Hyde, C., Ibrahim, H., Jian, S., Joosten, S., Karki, A., Karki, B., Katramatou, A. T., Keppel, C., Khachatryan, M., Khachatryan, V., Khanal, A., King, D., King, P., Korover, I., Kutz, T., Lashley-Colthirst, N., Laskaris, G., Li, W., Liu, H., Liyanage, N., Lonardoni, D., Machleidt, R., Marcucci, L. E., Markowitz, P., McClellan, R. E., Meekins, D., Beck, S. Mey-Tal, Meziani, Z. -E., Michaels, R., Mihovilovic, M., Nelyubin, V., Nuruzzaman, N., Nycz, M., Obrecht, R., Olson, M., Ou, L., Owen, V., Pandey, B., Pandey, V., Papadopoulou, A., Park, S., Patsyuk, M., Paul, S., Petratos, G. G., Piasetzky, E., Pomatsalyuk, R., Premathilake, S., Puckett, A. J. R., Punjabi, V., Ransome, R., Rashad, M. N. H., Reimer, P. E., Riordan, S., Roche, J., Sammarruca, F., Santiesteban, N., Sawatzky, B., Segarra, E. P., Schmookler, B., Shahinyan, A., Širch, S., Sparveris, N., Su, T., Suleiman, R., Szumila-Vance, H., Tadepalli, A. S., Tang, L., Tireman, W., Tortorici, F., Urciuoli, G., Viviani, M., Weinstein, L. B., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, S., Ye, Z. H., Ye, Z. Y., and Zhang, J.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: We report the first measurement of the $(e,e'p)$ reaction cross-section ratios for Helium-3 ($^3$He), Tritium ($^3$H), and Deuterium ($d$). The measurement covered a missing momentum range of $40 \le p_{miss} \le 550$ MeV$/c$, at large momentum transfer ($\langle Q^2 \rangle \approx 1.9$ (GeV$/c$)$^2$) and $x_B>1$, which minimized contributions from non quasi-elastic (QE) reaction mechanisms. The data is compared with plane-wave impulse approximation (PWIA) calculations using realistic spectral functions and momentum distributions. The measured and PWIA-calculated cross-section ratios for $^3$He$/d$ and $^3$H$/d$ extend to just above the typical nucleon Fermi-momentum ($k_F \approx 250$ MeV$/c$) and differ from each other by $\sim 20\%$, while for $^3$He/$^3$H they agree within the measurement accuracy of about 3\%. At momenta above $k_F$, the measured $^3$He/$^3$H ratios differ from the calculation by $20\% - 50\%$. Final state interaction (FSI) calculations using the generalized Eikonal Approximation indicate that FSI should change the $^3$He/$^3$H cross-section ratio for this measurement by less than 5\%. If these calculations are correct, then the differences at large missing momenta between the $^3$He/$^3$H experimental and calculated ratios could be due to the underlying $NN$ interaction, and thus could provide new constraints on the previously loosely-constrained short-distance parts of the $NN$ interaction., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures (4 panels)
Published: 2019
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23. Novel observation of isospin structure of short-range correlations in calcium isotopes

Author: Nguyen, D, Ye, Z, Aguilera, P, Ahmed, Z, Albataineh, H, Allada, K, Anderson, B, Anez, D, Aniol, K, Annand, J, Arrington, J, Averett, T, Baghdasaryan, H, Bai, X, Beck, A, Beck, S, Bellini, V, Benmokhtar, F, Camsonne, A, Chen, C, Chen, JP, Chirapatpimol, K, Cisbani, E, Dalton, MM, Daniel, A, Day, D, Deconinck, W, Defurne, M, Flay, D, Fomin, N, Friend, M, Frullani, S, Fuchey, E, Garibaldi, F, Gaskell, D, Gilad, S, Gilman, R, Glamazdin, S, Gu, C, Guèye, P, Hanretty, C, Hansen, JO, Shabestari, MH, Higinbotham, DW, Huang, M, Iqbal, S, Jin, G, Kalantarians, N, Kang, H, Kelleher, A, Korover, I, Lerose, J, Leckey, J, Li, S, Lindgren, R, Long, E, Mammei, J, Margaziotis, DJ, Markowitz, P, Meekins, D, Meziani, ZE, Michaels, R, Mihovilovic, M, Muangma, N, Camacho, CM, Norum, BE, Nuruzzaman, Pan, K, Phillips, S, Piasetzky, E, Pomerantz, I, Posik, M, Punjabi, V, Qian, X, Qiang, Y, Qiu, X, Reimer, PE, Rakhman, A, Riordan, S, Ron, G, Rondon-Aramayo, O, Saha, A, Selvy, L, Shahinyan, A, Shneor, R, Širca, S, Slifer, K, Solvignon, P, Sparveris, N, Subedi, R, Sulkosky, V, Wang, D, Watson, JW, Weinstein, LB, Wojtsekhowski, B, Wood, SA, Yaron, I, Zhan, X, Zhang, J, and Zhang, YW
Subjects: nucl-ex
Abstract: Short-range correlations (SRCs) have been identified as being responsible for the high-momentum tail of the nucleon momentum distribution, n(k). Hard, short-range interactions of nucleon pairs generate the high-momentum tail and imprint a universal character on n(k) for all nuclei at large momentum. Triple coincidence experiments have shown a strong dominance of np pairs, but these measurements involve large final-state interactions. This paper presents the results from Jefferson Lab experiment E08014 which measured inclusive electron scattering cross section from Ca isotopes. By comparing the inclusive cross section from Ca48 to Ca40 in a kinematic region dominated by SRCs we provide a new way to study the isospin structure of SRCs.
Published: 2020

24. Deep exclusive electroproduction of $π^0$ at high $Q^2$ in the quark valence regime

Author: Collaboration, The Jefferson Lab Hall A, Dlamini, M, Karki, B, Ali, SF, Lin, P-J, Georges, F, Ko, H-S, Israel, N, Rashad, MNH, Stefanko, A, Adikaram, D, Ahmed, Z, Albataineh, H, Aljawrneh, B, Allada, K, Allison, S, Alsalmi, S, Androic, D, Aniol, K, Annand, J, Atac, H, Averett, T, Gayoso, C Ayerbe, Bai, X, Bane, J, Barcus, S, Bartlett, K, Bellini, V, Beminiwattha, R, Bericic, J, Biswas, D, Brash, E, Bulumulla, D, Campbell, J, Camsonne, A, Carmignotto, M, Castellano, J, Chen, C, Chen, J-P, Chetry, T, Christy, ME, Cisbani, E, Clary, B, Cohen, E, Compton, N, Cornejo, JC, Dusa, S Covrig, Crowe, B, Danagoulian, S, Danley, T, Persio, F De, Deconinck, W, Defurne, M, Desnault, C, Di, D, Duer, M, Duran, B, Ent, R, Fanelli, C, Franklin, G, Fuchey, E, Gal, C, Gaskell, D, Gautam, T, Glamazdin, O, Gnanvo, K, Gray, VM, Gu, C, Hague, T, Hamad, G, Hamilton, D, Hamilton, K, Hansen, O, Hauenstein, F, Henry, W, Higinbotham, DW, Holmstrom, T, Horn, T, Huang, Y, Huber, GM, Hyde, C, Ibrahim, H, Jen, C-M, Jin, K, Jones, M, Kabir, A, Keppel, C, Khachatryan, V, King, PM, Li, S, Li, W, Liu, J, Liu, H, Liyanage, A, Magee, J, Malace, S, Mammei, J, Markowitz, P, McClellan, E, and Meddi, F
Subjects: hep-ex, nucl-ex
Abstract: We report measurements of the exclusive neutral pion electroproduction crosssection off protons at large values of $x_B$ (0.36, 0.48 and 0.60) and $Q^2$(3.1 to 8.4 GeV$^2$) obtained from Jefferson Lab Hall A experiment E12-06-014.The corresponding structure functions $d\sigma_L/dt+\epsilon d\sigma_T/dt$,$d\sigma_{TT}/dt$, $d\sigma_{LT}/dt$ and $d\sigma_{LT'}/dt$ are extracted as afunction of the proton momentum transfer $t-t_{min}$. The results suggest theamplitude for transversely polarized virtual photons continues to dominate thecross-section throughout this kinematic range. The data are well described bycalculations based on transversity Generalized Parton Distributions coupled toa helicity flip Distribution Amplitude of the pion, thus providing a unique wayto probe the structure of the nucleon.
Published: 2020

25. Probing Few-Body Nuclear Dynamics via H3 and He3 (e,e′p)pn Cross-Section Measurements

Author: Cruz-Torres, R, Nguyen, D, Hauenstein, F, Schmidt, A, Li, S, Abrams, D, Albataineh, H, Alsalmi, S, Androic, D, Aniol, K, Armstrong, W, Arrington, J, Atac, H, Averett, T, Gayoso, C Ayerbe, Bai, X, Bane, J, Barcus, S, Beck, A, Bellini, V, Benmokhtar, F, Bhatt, H, Bhetuwal, D, Biswas, D, Blyth, D, Boeglin, W, Bulumulla, D, Camsonne, A, Castellanos, J, Chen, J-P, Cohen, EO, Covrig, S, Craycraft, K, Dongwi, B, Duer, M, Duran, B, Dutta, D, Fuchey, E, Gal, C, Gautam, TN, Gilad, S, Gnanvo, K, Gogami, T, Golak, J, Gomez, J, Gu, C, Habarakada, A, Hague, T, Hansen, O, Hattawy, M, Hen, O, Higinbotham, DW, Hughes, E, Hyde, C, Ibrahim, H, Jian, S, Joosten, S, Kamada, H, Karki, A, Karki, B, Katramatou, AT, Keppel, C, Khachatryan, M, Khachatryan, V, Khanal, A, King, D, King, P, Korover, I, Kutz, T, Lashley-Colthirst, N, Laskaris, G, Li, W, Liu, H, Liyanage, N, Markowitz, P, McClellan, RE, Meekins, D, Beck, S Mey-Tal, Meziani, Z-E, Michaels, R, Mihovilovič, M, Nelyubin, V, Nuruzzaman, N, Nycz, M, Obrecht, R, Olson, M, Ou, L, Owen, V, Pandey, B, Pandey, V, Papadopoulou, A, Park, S, Patsyuk, M, Paul, S, Petratos, GG, Piasetzky, E, Pomatsalyuk, R, Premathilake, S, Puckett, AJR, and Punjabi, V
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Jefferson Lab Hall A Tritium Collaboration, nucl-ex, nucl-th, Mathematical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract: We report the first measurement of the (e,e^{'}p) three-body breakup reaction cross sections in helium-3 (^{3}He) and tritium (^{3}H) at large momentum transfer [⟨Q^{2}⟩≈1.9 (GeV/c)^{2}] and x_{B}>1 kinematics, where the cross section should be sensitive to quasielastic (QE) scattering from single nucleons. The data cover missing momenta 40≤p_{miss}≤500 MeV/c that, in the QE limit with no rescattering, equals the initial momentum of the probed nucleon. The measured cross sections are compared with state-of-the-art ab initio calculations. Overall good agreement, within ±20%, is observed between data and calculations for the full p_{miss} range for ^{3}H and for 100≤p_{miss}≤350 MeV/c for ^{3}He. Including the effects of rescattering of the outgoing nucleon improves agreement with the data at p_{miss}>250 MeV/c and suggests contributions from charge-exchange (SCX) rescattering. The isoscalar sum of ^{3}He plus ^{3}H, which is largely insensitive to SCX, is described by calculations to within the accuracy of the data over the entire p_{miss} range. This validates current models of the ground state of the three-nucleon system up to very high initial nucleon momenta of 500 MeV/c.
Published: 2020

26. Probing Few-Body Nuclear Dynamics via ^{3}H and ^{3}He (e,e^{'}p)pn Cross-Section Measurements.

Author: Cruz-Torres, R, Nguyen, D, Hauenstein, F, Schmidt, A, Li, S, Abrams, D, Albataineh, H, Alsalmi, S, Androic, D, Aniol, K, Armstrong, W, Arrington, J, Atac, H, Averett, T, Ayerbe Gayoso, C, Bai, X, Bane, J, Barcus, S, Beck, A, Bellini, V, Benmokhtar, F, Bhatt, H, Bhetuwal, D, Biswas, D, Blyth, D, Boeglin, W, Bulumulla, D, Camsonne, A, Castellanos, J, Chen, J-P, Cohen, EO, Covrig, S, Craycraft, K, Dongwi, B, Duer, M, Duran, B, Dutta, D, Fuchey, E, Gal, C, Gautam, TN, Gilad, S, Gnanvo, K, Gogami, T, Golak, J, Gomez, J, Gu, C, Habarakada, A, Hague, T, Hansen, O, Hattawy, M, Hen, O, Higinbotham, DW, Hughes, E, Hyde, C, Ibrahim, H, Jian, S, Joosten, S, Kamada, H, Karki, A, Karki, B, Katramatou, AT, Keppel, C, Khachatryan, M, Khachatryan, V, Khanal, A, King, D, King, P, Korover, I, Kutz, T, Lashley-Colthirst, N, Laskaris, G, Li, W, Liu, H, Liyanage, N, Markowitz, P, McClellan, RE, Meekins, D, Mey-Tal Beck, S, Meziani, Z-E, Michaels, R, Mihovilovič, M, Nelyubin, V, Nuruzzaman, N, Nycz, M, Obrecht, R, Olson, M, Ou, L, Owen, V, Pandey, B, Pandey, V, Papadopoulou, A, Park, S, Patsyuk, M, Paul, S, Petratos, GG, Piasetzky, E, Pomatsalyuk, R, Premathilake, S, Puckett, AJR, and Punjabi, V
Subjects: Jefferson Lab Hall A Tritium Collaboration, nucl-ex, nucl-th, General Physics, Mathematical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Engineering
Abstract: We report the first measurement of the (e,e^{'}p) three-body breakup reaction cross sections in helium-3 (^{3}He) and tritium (^{3}H) at large momentum transfer [⟨Q^{2}⟩≈1.9 (GeV/c)^{2}] and x_{B}>1 kinematics, where the cross section should be sensitive to quasielastic (QE) scattering from single nucleons. The data cover missing momenta 40≤p_{miss}≤500 MeV/c that, in the QE limit with no rescattering, equals the initial momentum of the probed nucleon. The measured cross sections are compared with state-of-the-art ab initio calculations. Overall good agreement, within ±20%, is observed between data and calculations for the full p_{miss} range for ^{3}H and for 100≤p_{miss}≤350 MeV/c for ^{3}He. Including the effects of rescattering of the outgoing nucleon improves agreement with the data at p_{miss}>250 MeV/c and suggests contributions from charge-exchange (SCX) rescattering. The isoscalar sum of ^{3}He plus ^{3}H, which is largely insensitive to SCX, is described by calculations to within the accuracy of the data over the entire p_{miss} range. This validates current models of the ground state of the three-nucleon system up to very high initial nucleon momenta of 500 MeV/c.
Published: 2020

27. Comparing proton momentum distributions in A = 2 and 3 nuclei via 2H 3H and 3He (e,e′p) measurements

Author: Cruz-Torres, R, Li, S, Hauenstein, F, Schmidt, A, Nguyen, D, Abrams, D, Albataineh, H, Alsalmi, S, Androic, D, Aniol, K, Armstrong, W, Arrington, J, Atac, H, Averett, T, Ayerbe Gayoso, C, Bai, X, Bane, J, Barcus, S, Beck, A, Bellini, V, Bhatt, H, Bhetuwal, D, Biswas, D, Blyth, D, Boeglin, W, Bulumulla, D, Camsonne, A, Castellanos, J, Chen, JP, Cohen, EO, Covrig, S, Craycraft, K, Dongwi, B, Duer, M, Duran, B, Dutta, D, Fuchey, E, Gal, C, Gautam, TN, Gilad, S, Gnanvo, K, Gogami, T, Gomez, J, Gu, C, Habarakada, A, Hague, T, Hansen, O, Hattawy, M, Hen, O, Higinbotham, DW, Hughes, E, Hyde, C, Ibrahim, H, Jian, S, Joosten, S, Karki, A, Karki, B, Katramatou, AT, Keppel, C, Khachatryan, M, Khachatryan, V, Khanal, A, King, D, King, P, Korover, I, Kutz, T, Lashley-Colthirst, N, Laskaris, G, Li, W, Liu, H, Liyanage, N, Lonardoni, D, Machleidt, R, Marcucci, LE, Markowitz, P, McClellan, RE, Meekins, D, Mey-Tal Beck, S, Meziani, ZE, Michaels, R, Mihovilovič, M, Nelyubin, V, Nuruzzaman, N, Nycz, M, Obrecht, R, Olson, M, Ou, L, Owen, V, Pandey, B, Pandey, V, Papadopoulou, A, Park, S, Patsyuk, M, Paul, S, Petratos, GG, Piasetzky, E, Pomatsalyuk, R, Premathilake, S, Puckett, AJR, and Punjabi, V
Subjects: nucl-ex, nucl-th, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Mathematical Physics, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics
Abstract: We report the first measurement of the (e,e′p) reaction cross-section ratios for Helium-3 (He3), Tritium (H3), and Deuterium (d). The measurement covered a missing momentum range of 40≤pmiss≤550MeV/c, at large momentum transfer (〈Q2〉≈1.9 (GeV/c)2) and xB>1, which minimized contributions from non quasi-elastic (QE) reaction mechanisms. The data is compared with plane-wave impulse approximation (PWIA) calculations using realistic spectral functions and momentum distributions. The measured and PWIA-calculated cross-section ratios for He3/d and H3/d extend to just above the typical nucleon Fermi-momentum (kF≈250 MeV/c) and differ from each other by ∼20%, while for He3/H3 they agree within the measurement accuracy of about 3%. At momenta above kF, the measured He3/H3 ratios differ from the calculation by 20%−50%. Final state interaction (FSI) calculations using the generalized Eikonal Approximation indicate that FSI should change the He3/H3 cross-section ratio for this measurement by less than 5%. If these calculations are correct, then the differences at large missing momenta between the He3/H3 experimental and calculated ratios could be due to the underlying NN interaction, and thus could provide new constraints on the previously loosely-constrained short-distance parts of the NN interaction.
Published: 2019

28. Comparing proton momentum distributions in A = 2 and 3 nuclei via 2H 3H and 3He (e,e′p) measurements

Author: Collaboration, Jefferson Lab Hall A Tritium, Cruz-Torres, R, Li, S, Hauenstein, F, Schmidt, A, Nguyen, D, Abrams, D, Albataineh, H, Alsalmi, S, Androic, D, Aniol, K, Armstrong, W, Arrington, J, Atac, H, Averett, T, Gayoso, C Ayerbe, Bai, X, Bane, J, Barcus, S, Beck, A, Bellini, V, Bhatt, H, Bhetuwal, D, Biswas, D, Blyth, D, Boeglin, W, Bulumulla, D, Camsonne, A, Castellanos, J, Chen, J-P, Cohen, EO, Covrig, S, Craycraft, K, Dongwi, B, Duer, M, Duran, B, Dutta, D, Fuchey, E, Gal, C, Gautam, TN, Gilad, S, Gnanvo, K, Gogami, T, Gomez, J, Gu, C, Habarakada, A, Hague, T, Hansen, O, Hattawy, M, Hen, O, Higinbotham, DW, Hughes, E, Hyde, C, Ibrahim, H, Jian, S, Joosten, S, Karki, A, Karki, B, Katramatou, AT, Keppel, C, Khachatryan, M, Khachatryan, V, Khanal, A, King, D, King, P, Korover, I, Kutz, T, Lashley-Colthirst, N, Laskaris, G, Li, W, Liu, H, Liyanage, N, Lonardoni, D, Machleidt, R, Marcucci, LE, Markowitz, P, McClellan, RE, Meekins, D, Beck, S Mey-Tal, Meziani, Z-E, Michaels, R, Mihovilovič, M, Nelyubin, V, Nuruzzaman, N, Nycz, M, Obrecht, R, Olson, M, Ou, L, Owen, V, Pandey, B, Pandey, V, Papadopoulou, A, Park, S, Patsyuk, M, Paul, S, Petratos, GG, Piasetzky, E, Pomatsalyuk, R, Premathilake, S, and Puckett, AJR
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, nucl-ex, nucl-th, Mathematical Physics, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract: We report the first measurement of the (e,e′p) reaction cross-section ratios for Helium-3 (He3), Tritium (H3), and Deuterium (d). The measurement covered a missing momentum range of 40≤pmiss≤550MeV/c, at large momentum transfer (〈Q2〉≈1.9 (GeV/c)2) and xB>1, which minimized contributions from non quasi-elastic (QE) reaction mechanisms. The data is compared with plane-wave impulse approximation (PWIA) calculations using realistic spectral functions and momentum distributions. The measured and PWIA-calculated cross-section ratios for He3/d and H3/d extend to just above the typical nucleon Fermi-momentum (kF≈250 MeV/c) and differ from each other by ∼20%, while for He3/H3 they agree within the measurement accuracy of about 3%. At momenta above kF, the measured He3/H3 ratios differ from the calculation by 20%−50%. Final state interaction (FSI) calculations using the generalized Eikonal Approximation indicate that FSI should change the He3/H3 cross-section ratio for this measurement by less than 5%. If these calculations are correct, then the differences at large missing momenta between the He3/H3 experimental and calculated ratios could be due to the underlying NN interaction, and thus could provide new constraints on the previously loosely-constrained short-distance parts of the NN interaction.
Published: 2019

29. Probing for high momentum protons in $^4$He via the $^4He(e,e'p)X$ reaction

Author: Iqbal, S, Benmokhtar, F, Ivanov, M, See, N, Aniol, K, Higinbotham, DW, Boyd, C, Gadsby, A, Gilad, S, Saha, A, Udias, JM, Goodwill, JS, Finton, D, Boyer, A, Ye, Z, Solvignon, P, Aguilera, P, Ahmed, Z, Albataineh, H, Allada, K, Anderson, B, Anez, D, Annand, J, Arrington, J, Averett, T, Baghdasaryan, H, Bai, X, Beck, A, Beck, S, Bellini, V, Camsonne, A, Chen, C, Chen, J-P, Chirapatpimol, K, Cisbani, E, Dalton, MM, Daniel, A, Day, D, Deconinck, W, Defurne, M, Flay, D, Fomin, N, Friend, M, Frullani, S, Fuchey, E, Garibaldi, F, Gaskell, D, Gilman, R, Glamazdin, S, Gu, C, Gueye, P, Hanretty, C, Hansen, J-O, Shabestari, M Hashemi, Huang, M, Jin, G, Kalantarians, N, Kang, H, Kelleher, A, Korover, I, LeRose, J, Leckey, J, Lindgren, R, Long, E, Mammei, J, Margaziotis, DJ, Markowitz, P, Meekins, D, Meziani, Z, Michaels, R, Mihovilovic, M, Muangma, N, Camacho, C Munoz, Norum, B, Nuruzzaman, Nuruzzaman, Pan, K, Phillips, S, Piasetzky, E, Pomerantz, I, Posik, M, Punjabi, V, Qian, X, Qiang, Y, Qiu, X, Reimer, PE, Rakhman, A, Riordan, S, Ron, G, Rondon-Aramayo, O, Selvy, L, Shahinyan, A, Shneor, R, Sirca, S, Slifer, K, Sparveris, N, Subedi, R, Sulkosky, V, Wang, D, Watson, JW, and Weinstein, LB
Subjects: nucl-ex
Abstract: Experimental cross sections for the $^4He(e,e'p)X$ reaction up to a missingmomentum of 0.632 GeV/$c$ at $x_B=1.24$ and $Q^2$=2(GeV/$c$)$^2$ are reported.The data are compared to Relativistic Distorted Wave ImpulseApproximation(RDWIA) calculations for $^4He(e,e'p)^3H$ channel. Significantlymore events in the triton mass region are measured for $p_{m}$$>$0.45 GeV/$c$than are predicted by the theoretical model, suggesting that the effects ofinitial-state multi-nucleon correlations are stronger than expected by theRDWIA model.
Published: 2019

30. Search for three-nucleon short-range correlations in light nuclei

Author: Ye, Z., Solvignon, P., Nguyen, D., Aguilera, P., Ahmed, Z., Albataineh, H., Allada, K., Anderson, B., Anez, D., Aniol, K., Annand, J., Arrington, J., Averett, T., Baghdasaryan, H., Bai, X., Beck, A., Beck, S., Bellini, V., Benmokhtar, F., Camsonne, A., Chen, C., Chen, J. -P., Chirapatpimol, K., Cisbani, E., Dalton, M. M., Daniel, A., Day, D., Deconinck, W., Defurne, M., Flay, D., Fomin, N., Friend, M., Frullani, S., Fuchey, E., Garibaldi, F., Gaskell, D., Gilad, S., Gilman, R., Glamazdin, S., Gu, C., Gueye, P., Hanretty, C., Hansen, J. -O., Shabestari, M. Hashemi, Higinbotham, D. W., Huang, M., Iqbal, S., Jin, G., Kalantarians, N., Kang, H., Kelleher, A., Korover, I., LeRose, J., Leckey, J., Lindgren, R., Long, E., Mammei, J., Margaziotis, D. J., Markowitz, P., Meekins, D., Meziani, Z., Michaels, R., Mihovilovic, M., Muangma, N., Camacho, C. Munoz, Norum, B., Nuruzzaman, Pan, K., Phillips, S., Piasetzky, E., Pomerantz, I., Posik, M., Punjabi, V., Qian, X., Qiang, Y., Qiu, X., Reimer, P. E., Rakhman, A., Riordan, S., Ron, G., Rondon-Aramayo, O., Saha, A., Selvy, L., Shahinyan, A., Shneor, R., Sirca, S., Slifer, K., Sparveris, N., Subedi, R., Sulkosky, V., Wang, D., Watson, J. W., Weinstein, L. B., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, S. A., Yaron, I., Zhan, X., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y. W., Zhao, B., Zheng, X., Zhu, P., and Zielinski, R.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We present new data probing short-range correlations (SRCs) in nuclei through the measurement of electron scattering off high-momentum nucleons in nuclei. The inclusive 4He/3He cross section ratio is observed to be both x and Q2 independent for 1.5 < x < 2, confirming the dominance of two- nucleon (2N) short-range correlations (SRCs). For x > 2, our data do not support a previous claim of three-nucleon (3N) correlation dominance. While contributions beyond those from stationary 2N- SRCs are observed, our data show that isolating 3N-SRCs is more complicated than for 2N-SRCs., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, new experimental results from JLab E08-014
Published: 2017
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31. A Glimpse of Gluons through Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering on the Proton

Author: Defurne, M., Jiménez-Argüello, A. Martì, Ahmed, Z., Albataineh, H., Allada, K., Aniol, K. A., Bellini, V., Benali, M., Boeglin, W., Bertin, P., Brossard, M., Camsonne, A., Canan, M., Chandavar, S., Chen, C., Chen, J. -P., de Jager, C. W., de Leo, R., Desnault, C., Deur, A., Fassi, L. El, Ent, R., Flay, D., Friend, M., Fuchey, E., Frullani, S., Garibaldi, F., Gaskell, D., Giusa, A., Glamazdin, O., Golge, S., Gomez, J., Hansen, O., Higinbotham, D., Holmstrom, T., Horn, T., Huang, J., Huang, M., Hyde, C. E., Iqbal, S., Itard, F., Kang, H., Kelleher, A., Keppel, C., Koirala, S., Korover, I., LeRose, J. J., Lindgren, R., Long, E., Magne, M., Mammei, J., Margaziotis, D. J., Markowitz, P., Mazouz, M., Meddi, F., Meekins, D., Michaels, R., Mihovilovic, M., Camacho, C. Munoz, Nadel-Turonski, P., Nuruzzaman, N., Paremuzyan, R., Puckett, A., Punjabi, V., Qiang, Y., Rakhman, A., Rashad, M. N. H., Riordan, S., Roche, J., Russo, G., Sabatié, F., Saenboonruang, K., Saha, A., Sawatzky, B., Selvy, L., Shahinyan, A., Sirca, S., Solvignon, P., Sperduto, M. L., Subedi, R., Sulkosky, V., Sutera, C., Tobias, W. A., Urciuoli, G. M., Wang, D., Wojtsekhowski, B., Yao, H., Ye, Z., Zhan, X., Zhang, J., Zhao, B., Zhao, Z., Zheng, X., and Zhu, P.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The proton is composed of quarks and gluons, bound by the most elusive mechanism of strong interaction called confinement. In this work, the dynamics of quarks and gluons are investigated using deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS): produced by a multi-GeV electron, a highly virtual photon scatters off the proton which subsequently radiates a high energy photon. Similarly to holography, measuring not only the magnitude but also the phase of the DVCS amplitude allows to perform 3D images of the internal structure of the proton. The phase is made accessible through the quantum-mechanical interference of DVCS with the Bethe-Heitler (BH) process, in which the final photon is emitted by the electron rather than the proton. We report herein the first full determination of the BH-DVCS interference by exploiting the distinct energy dependences of the DVCS and BH amplitudes. In the high energy regime where the scattering process is expected to occur off a single quark in the proton, these accurate measurements show an intriguing sensitivity to gluons, the carriers of the strong interaction.
Published: 2017
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32. Rosenbluth separation of the $\pi^0$ Electroproduction Cross Section off the Neutron

Author: Mazouz, M., Ahmed, Z., Albataineh, H., Allada, K., Aniol, K. A., Bellini, V., Benali, M., Boeglin, W., Bertin, P., Brossard, M., Camsonne, A., Canan, M., Chandavar, S., Chen, C., Chen, J. -P., Defurne, M., de Jager, C. W., de Leo, R., Desnault, C., Deur, A., Fassi, L. El, Ent, R., Flay, D., Friend, M., Fuchey, E., Frullani, S., Garibaldi, F., Gaskell, D., Giusa, A., Glamazdin, O., Golge, S., Gomez, J., Hansen, O., Higinbotham, D., Holmstrom, T., Horn, T., Huang, J., Huang, M., Huber, G. M., Hyde, C. E., Iqbal, S., Itard, F., Kang, Ho., Kang, Hy., Kelleher, A., Keppel, C., Koirala, S., Korover, I., LeRose, J. J., Lindgren, R., Long, E., Magne, M., Mammei, J., Margaziotis, D. J., Markowitz, P., Jiménez-Argüello, A. Martí, Meddi, F., Meekins, D., Michaels, R., Mihovilovic, M., Muangma, N., Camacho, C. Muñoz, Nadel-Turonski, P., Nuruzzaman, N., Paremuzyan, R., Puckett, A., Punjabi, V., Qiang, Y., Rakhman, A., Rashad, M. N. H., Riordan, S., Roche, J., Russo, G., Sabatié, F., Saenboonruang, K., Saha, A., Sawatzky, B., Selvy, L., Shahinyan, A., Sirca, S., Solvignon, P., Sperduto, M. L., Subedi, R., Sulkosky, V., Sutera, C., Tobias, W. A., Urciuoli, G. M., Wang, D., Wojtsekhowski, B., Yao, H., Ye, Z., Zana, L., Zhan, X., Zhang, J., Zhao, B., Zhao, Z., Zheng, X., and Zhu, P.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We report the first longitudinal/transverse separation of the deeply virtual exclusive $\pi^0$ electroproduction cross section off the neutron and coherent deuteron. The corresponding four structure functions $d\sigma_L/dt$, $d\sigma_T/dt$, $d\sigma_{LT}/dt$ and $d\sigma_{TT}/dt$ are extracted as a function of the momentum transfer to the recoil system at $Q^2$=1.75 GeV$^2$ and $x_B$=0.36. The $ed \to ed\pi^0$ cross sections are found compatible with the small values expected from theoretical models. The $en \to en\pi^0$ cross sections show a dominance from the response to transversely polarized photons, and are in good agreement with calculations based on the transversity GPDs of the nucleon. By combining these results with previous measurements of $\pi^0$ electroproduction off the proton, we present a flavor decomposition of the $u$ and $d$ quark contributions to the cross section., Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett
Published: 2017
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33. Search for three-nucleon short-range correlations in light nuclei

Author: Ye, Z, Solvignon, P, Nguyen, D, Aguilera, P, Ahmed, Z, Albataineh, H, Allada, K, Anderson, B, Anez, D, Aniol, K, Annand, J, Arrington, J, Averett, T, Baghdasaryan, H, Bai, X, Beck, A, Beck, S, Bellini, V, Benmokhtar, F, Camsonne, A, Chen, C, Chen, JP, Chirapatpimol, K, Cisbani, E, Dalton, MM, Daniel, A, Day, D, Deconinck, W, Defurne, M, Flay, D, Fomin, N, Friend, M, Frullani, S, Fuchey, E, Garibaldi, F, Gaskell, D, Gilad, S, Gilman, R, Glamazdin, S, Gu, C, Guèye, P, Hanretty, C, Hansen, JO, Shabestari, MH, Higinbotham, DW, Huang, M, Iqbal, S, Jin, G, Kalantarians, N, Kang, H, Kelleher, A, Korover, I, Lerose, J, Leckey, J, Lindgren, R, Long, E, Mammei, J, Margaziotis, DJ, Markowitz, P, Meekins, D, Meziani, Z, Michaels, R, Mihovilovic, M, Muangma, N, Camacho, CM, Norum, B, Nuruzzaman, Pan, K, Phillips, S, Piasetzky, E, Pomerantz, I, Posik, M, Punjabi, V, Qian, X, Qiang, Y, Qiu, X, Reimer, PE, Rakhman, A, Riordan, S, Ron, G, Rondon-Aramayo, O, Saha, A, Selvy, L, Shahinyan, A, Shneor, R, Sirca, S, Slifer, K, Sparveris, N, Subedi, R, Sulkosky, V, Wang, D, Watson, JW, Weinstein, LB, Wojtsekhowski, B, Wood, SA, Yaron, I, Zhan, X, Zhang, J, Zhang, YW, and Zhao, B
Subjects: nucl-ex
Abstract: We present new data probing short-range correlations (SRCs) in nuclei through the measurement of electron scattering off high-momentum nucleons in nuclei. The inclusive He4/He3 cross section ratio is observed to be both x and Q2 independent for 1.52, our data support the hypothesis that a previous claim of three-nucleon correlation dominance was an artifact caused by the limited resolution of the measurement. While 3N-SRCs appear to have an important contribution, our data show that isolating 3N-SRCs is significantly more complicated than for 2N-SRCs.
Published: 2018

34. Rosenbluth separation of the $\pi^0$ electroproduction cross section

Author: Defurne, M., Mazouz, M., Albataineh, H., Allada, K., Aniol, K. A., Bellini, V., Benali, M., Boeglin, W., Bertin, P., Brossard, M., Camsonne, A., Canan, M., Chandavar, S., Chen, C., Chen, J. -P., de Jager, C. W., de Leo, R., Desnault, C., Deur, A., Fassi, L. El, Ent, R., Flay, D., Friend, M., Fuchey, E., Frullani, S., Garibaldi, F., Gaskell, D., Giusa, A., Glamazdin, O., Golge, S., Gomez, J., Hansen, O., Higinbotham, D., Holmstrom, T., Horn, T., Huang, J., Huang, M., Hyde, C. E., Iqbal, S., Itard, F., Kang, H., Kelleher, A., Keppel, C., Koirala, S., Korover, I., LeRose, J. J., Lindgren, R., Long, E., Magne, M., Mammei, J., Margaziotis, D. J., Markowitz, P., Jimenez-Arguello, A. Marti, Meddi, F., Meekins, D., Michaels, R., Mihovilovic, M., Camacho, C. Munoz, Nadel-Turonski, P., Nuruzzaman, N., Paremuzyan, R., Puckett, A., Punjabi, V., Qiang, Y., Rakhman, A., Rashad, M. N. H., Riordan, S., Roche, J., Russo, G., Sabati, F., Saenboonruang, K., Saha, A., Sawatzky, B., Selvy, L., Shahinyan, A., Sirca, S., Solvignon, P., Sperduto, M. L., Subedi, R., Sulkosky, V., Sutera, C., Tobias, W. A., Urciuoli, G. M., Wang, D., Wojtsekhowski, B., Yao, H., Ye, Z., Zafar, A., Zhan, X., Zhang, J., Zhao, B., Zhao, Z., Zheng, X., and Zhu, P.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We present deeply virtual $\pi^0$ electroproduction cross-section measurements at $x_B$=0.36 and three different $Q^2$--values ranging from 1.5 to 2 GeV$^2$, obtained from experiment E07-007 that ran in the Hall A at Jefferson Lab. The Rosenbluth technique was used to separate the longitudinal and transverse responses. Results demonstrate that the cross section is dominated by its transverse component, and thus is far from the asymptotic limit predicted by perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics. An indication of a non-zero longitudinal contribution is provided by the interference term $\sigma_{LT}$ also measured. Results are compared with several models based on the leading twist approach of Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs). In particular, a fair agreement is obtained with models where the scattering amplitude is described by a convolution of chiral-odd (transversity) GPDs of the nucleon with the twist-3 pion distribution amplitude. Therefore, neutral pion electroproduction may offer the exciting possibility of accessing transversity GPDs through experiment., Comment: Submitted to Physical Review Letters
Published: 2016
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35. Electroexcitation of the $\Delta^{+}(1232)$ at low momentum transfer

Author: Blomberg, A., Anez, D., Sparveris, N., Sarty, A., Paolone, M., Gilad, S., Higinbotham, D., Abudureyimu, A. R., Ahmed, Z., Albataineh, H., Allada, K., Anderson, B., Aniol, K., Annand, J., Averett, T., Baghdasaryan, H., Bai, X., Beck, A., Beck, S., Bellini, V., Benmokhtar, F., Boeglin, W., Camacho, C. M., Camsonne, A., Chen, C., Chen, J. P., Chirapatpimol, K., Cisbani, E., Dalton, M., Deconinck, W., Defurne, M., De Leo, R., Flay, D., Fomin, N., Friend, M., Frullani, S., Fuchey, E., Garibaldi, F., Gilman, R., Gu, C., Hamilton, D., Hanretty, C., Hansen, O., Shabestari, M. Hashemi, Holmstrom, T., Huang, M., Iqbal, S., Kalantarians, N., Kang, H., Kelleher, A., Khandaker, M., Leckey, J., LeRose, J., Lindgren, R., Long, E., Mammei, J., Margaziotis, D. J., Jimenez-Arguello, A. Marti, Meziani, Z. E., Mihovilovic, M., Muangma, N., Norum, B., Nuruzzaman, Pan, K., Phillips, S., Polychronopoulou, A., Pomerantz, I., Posik, M., Punjabi, V., Qian, X., Reimer, P. E., Riordan, S., Ron, G., Saha, A., Schulte, E., Selvy, L., Sirca, S., Sjoegren, J., Subedi, R., Sulkosky, V., Tireman, W., Wang, D., Watson, J., Weinstein, L., Wojtsekhowski, B., Yan, W., Yaron, I., Ye, Z., Zhan, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., Zhao, B., Zhao, Z., Zheng, X., and Zhu, P.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We report on new p$(e,e^\prime p)\pi^\circ$ measurements at the $\Delta^{+}(1232)$ resonance at the low momentum transfer region. The mesonic cloud dynamics is predicted to be dominant and rapidly changing in this kinematic region offering a test bed for chiral effective field theory calculations. The new data explore the low $Q^2$ dependence of the resonant quadrupole amplitudes while extending the measurements of the Coulomb quadrupole amplitude to the lowest momentum transfer ever reached. The results disagree with predictions of constituent quark models and are in reasonable agreement with dynamical calculations that include pion cloud effects, chiral effective field theory and lattice calculations. The reported measurements suggest that improvement is required to the theoretical calculations and provide valuable input that will allow their refinements.
Published: 2015
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36. Electroexcitation of the Δ+(1232) at low momentum transfer

Author: Blomberg, A, Anez, D, Sparveris, N, Sarty, AJ, Paolone, M, Gilad, S, Higinbotham, D, Ahmed, Z, Albataineh, H, Allada, K, Anderson, B, Aniol, K, Annand, J, Arrington, J, Averett, T, Baghdasaryan, H, Bai, X, Beck, A, Beck, S, Bellini, V, Benmokhtar, F, Boeglin, W, Camacho, CM, Camsonne, A, Chen, C, Chen, JP, Chirapatpimol, K, Cisbani, E, Dalton, M, Deconinck, W, Defurne, M, De Leo, R, Flay, D, Fomin, N, Friend, M, Frullani, S, Fuchey, E, Garibaldi, F, Gilman, R, Gu, C, Hamilton, D, Hanretty, C, Hansen, O, Hashemi Shabestari, M, Hen, O, Holmstrom, T, Huang, M, Iqbal, S, Kalantarians, N, Kang, H, Kelleher, A, Khandaker, M, Korover, I, Leckey, J, LeRose, J, Lindgren, R, Long, E, Mammei, J, Margaziotis, DJ, Martí Jimenez-Arguello, A, Meekins, D, Meziani, ZE, Mihovilovic, M, Muangma, N, Norum, B, Nuruzzaman, Pan, K, Phillips, S, Piasetzky, E, Polychronopoulou, A, Pomerantz, I, Posik, M, Punjabi, V, Qian, X, Rakhman, A, Reimer, PE, Riordan, S, Ron, G, Saha, A, Schulte, E, Selvy, L, Shneor, R, Sirca, S, Sjoegren, J, Subedi, R, Sulkosky, V, Tireman, W, Wang, D, Watson, J, Wojtsekhowski, B, Yan, W, Yaron, I, Ye, Z, Zhan, X, Zhang, J, Zhang, Y, Zhao, B, Zhao, Z, Zheng, X, and Zhu, P
Subjects: CMR, Pion electroproduction, Nucleon deformation, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Mathematical Physics, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics
Abstract: We report on new measurements at the resonance at the low momentum transfer region, where the mesonic cloud dynamics is predicted to be dominant and rapidly changing, offering a test bed for chiral effective field theory calculations. The new data explore the dependence of the resonant quadrupole amplitudes and for the first time indicate that the Electric and the Coulomb quadrupole amplitudes converge as. The measurements of the Coulomb quadrupole amplitude have been extended to the lowest momentum transfer ever reached, and suggest that more than half of its magnitude is attributed to the mesonic cloud in this region. The new data disagree with predictions of constituent quark models and are in reasonable agreement with dynamical calculations that include pion cloud effects, chiral effective field theory and lattice calculations. The measurements indicate that improvement is required to the theoretical calculations and provide valuable input that will allow their refinements.
Published: 2016

37. Probing the Repulsive Core of the Nucleon-Nucleon Interaction via the 4He(e,e'pN) Triple-Coincidence Reaction

Author: Muangma, I. Korover N., Hen, O., Shneor, R., Sulkosky, V., Kelleher, A., Gilad, S., Higinbotham, D. W., Watson, E. Piasetzky J., Wood, S., Rakhman, Abdurahim, Aguilera, P., Ahmed, Z., Albataineh, H., Allada, K., Anderson, B., Anez, D., Aniol, K., Annand, J., Armstrong, W., Arrington, J., Averett, T., Badman, T., Baghdasaryan, H., Bai, X., Beck, A., Beck, S., Bellini, V., Benmokhtar, F., Bertozzi, W., Bittner, J., Boeglin, W., Camsonne, A., Chen, C., Chen, J. -P., Chirapatpimol, K., Cisbani, E., Dalton, M. M., Daniel, A., Day, D., de Jager, C. W., De Leo, R., Deconinck, W., Defurne, M., Flay, D., Fomin, N., Friend, M., Frullani, S., Fuchey, E., Garibaldi, F., Gaskell, D., Gilman, R., Glamazdin, O., Gu, C., Gueye, P., Hamilton, D., Hanretty, C., Hansen, O., Shabestari, M. Hashemi, Holmstrom, T., Huang, M., Iqbal, S., Jin, G., Kalantarians, N., Kang, H., Khandaker, M., LeRose, J., Leckey, J., Lindgren, R., Long, E., Mammei, J., Margaziotis, D. J., Markowitz, P., Jimenez-Arguello, A. Marti, Meekins, D., Meziani, Z., Michaels, R., Mihovilovic, M., Monaghan, P., Camacho, C. Munoz, Norum, B., Nuruzzaman, Pan, K., Phillips, S., Pomerantz, I., Posik, M., Punjabi, V., Qian, X., Qiang, Y., Qiu, X., Reimer, P. E., Riordan, S., Ron, G., Rondon-Aramayo, O., Saha, A., Schulte, E., Selvy, L., Shahinyan, A., Sirca, S., Sjoegren, J., Slifer, K., Solvignon, P., Sparveris, N., Subedi, R., Tireman, W., Wang, D., Weinstein, L. B., Wojtsekhowski, B., Yan, W., Yaron, I., Ye, Z., Zhan, X., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Zhao, B., Zhao, Z., Zheng, X., Zhu, P., and Zielinski, R.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We studied simultaneously the 4He(e,e'p), 4He(e,e'pp), and 4He(e,e'pn) reactions at Q^2=2 [GeV/c]2 and x_B>1, for a (e,e'p) missing-momentum range of 400 to 830 MeV/c. The knocked-out proton was detected in coincidence with a proton or neutron recoiling almost back to back to the missing momentum, leaving the residual A=2 system at low excitation energy. These data were used to identify two-nucleon short-range correlated pairs and to deduce their isospin structure as a function of missing momentum in a region where the nucleon-nucleon force is expected to change from predominantly tensor to repulsive. Neutron-proton pairs dominate the high-momentum tail of the nucleon momentum distributions, but their abundance is reduced as the nucleon momentum increases beyond ~500 MeV/c. The extracted fraction of proton-proton pairs is small and almost independent of the missing momentum in the range we studied. Our data are compared with ab-initio calculations of two-nucleon momentum distributions in 4He., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures
Published: 2014
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38. Deeply virtual Compton scattering off the neutron

Author: Benali, M., Desnault, C., Mazouz, M., Ahmed, Z., Albataineh, H., Allada, K., Aniol, K. A., Bellini, V., Boeglin, W., Bertin, P., Brossard, M., Camsonne, A., Canan, M., Chandavar, S., Chen, C., Chen, J.-P., Defurne, M., de Jager, C. W., de Leo, R., Deur, A., El Fassi, L., Ent, R., Flay, D., Friend, M., Fuchey, E., Frullani, S., Garibaldi, F., Gaskell, D., Giusa, A., Glamazdin, O., Golge, S., Gomez, J., Hansen, O., Higinbotham, D., Holmstrom, T., Horn, T., Huang, J., Huang, M., Huber, G. M., Hyde, C. E., Iqbal, S., Itard, F., Kang, Ho., Kang, Hy., Kelleher, A., Keppel, C., Koirala, S., Korover, I., LeRose, J. J., Lindgren, R., Long, E., Magne, M., Mammei, J., Margaziotis, D. J., Markowitz, P., Martí Jiménez-Argüello, A., Meddi, F., Meekins, D., Michaels, R., Mihovilovic, M., Muangma, N., Muñoz Camacho, C., Nadel-Turonski, P., Nuruzzaman, N., Paremuzyan, R., Pomatsalyuk, R., Puckett, A., Punjabi, V., Qiang, Y., Rakhman, A., Rashad, M. N. H., Riordan, S., Roche, J., Russo, G., Sabatié, F., Saenboonruang, K., Saha, A., Sawatzky, B., Selvy, L., Shahinyan, A., Sirca, S., Solvignon, P., Sperduto, M. L., Subedi, R., Sulkosky, V., Sutera, C., Tobias, W. A., Urciuoli, G. M., Wang, D., Wojtsekhowski, B., Yao, H., Ye, Z., Zana, L., Zhan, X., Zhang, J., Zhao, B., Zhao, Z., Zheng, X., and Zhu, P.
Published: 2020
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39. New Measurements of the Transverse Beam Asymmetry for Elastic Electron Scattering from Selected Nuclei

Author: HAPPEX, The, Collaborations, PREX, Abrahamyan, S., Acha, A., Afanasev, A., Ahmed, Z., Albataineh, H., Aniol, K., Armstrong, D. S., Armstrong, W., Arrington, J., Averett, T., Babineau, B., Bailey, S. L., Barber, J., Barbieri, A., Beck, A., Bellini, V., Beminiwattha, R., Benaoum, H., Benesch, J., Benmokhtar, F., Bertin, P., Bielarski, T., Boeglin, W., Bosted, P., Butaru, F., Burtin, E., Cahoon, J., Camsonne, A., Canan, M., Carter, P., Chang, C. C., Cates, G. D., Chao, Y. C., Chen, C., Chen, J. P., Choi, Seonho, Chudakov, E., Cisbani, E., Craver, B., Cusanno, F., Dalton, M. M., De Leo, R., de Jager, K., Deconinck, W., Decowski, P., Deepa, D., Deng, X., Deur, A., Dutta, D., Etile, A., Ferdi, C., Feuerbach, R. J., Finn, J. M., Flay, D., Franklin, G. B., Friend, M., Frullani, S., Fuchey, E., Fuchs, S. A., Fuoti, K., Garibaldi, F., Gasser, E., Gilman, R., Giusa, A., Glamazdin, A., Glesener, L. E., Gomez, J., Gorchtein, M., Grames, J., Grimm, K., Gu, C., Hansen, O., Hansknecht, J., Hen, O., Higinbotham, D. W., Holmes, R. S., Holmstrom, T., Horowitz, C. J., Hoskins, J., Huang, J., Humensky, T. B., Hyde, C. E., Ibrahim, H., Itard, F., Jen, C. M., Jensen, E., Jiang, X., Jin, G., Johnston, S., Katich, J., Kaufman, L. J., Kelleher, A., Kliakhandler, K., King, P. M., Kolarkar, A., Kowalski, S., Kuchina, E., Kumar, K. S., Lagamba, L., Lambert, D., LaViolette, P., Leacock, J., Leckey IV, J., Lee, J. H., LeRose, J. J., Lhuillier, D., Lindgren, R., Liyanage, N., Lubinsky, N., Mammei, J., Mammoliti, F., Margaziotis, D. J., Markowitz, P., Mazouz, M., McCormick, K., McCreary, A., McNulty, D., Meekins, D. G., Mercado, L., Meziani, Z. E., Michaels, R. W., Mihovilovic, M., Moffit, B., Monaghan, P., Muangma, N., Munoz-Camacho, C., Nanda, S., Nelyubin, V., Neyret, D., Nuruzzaman, Oh, Y., Otis, K., Palmer, A., Parno, D., Paschke, K. D., Phillips, S. K., Poelker, M., Pomatsalyuk, R., Posik, M., Potokar, M., Prok, K., Puckett, A. J. R., Qian, X., Qiang, Y., Quinn, B., Rakhman, A., Reimer, P. E., Reitz, B., Riordan, S., Roche, J., Rogan, P., Ron, G., Russo, G., Saenboonruang, K., Saha, A., Sawatzky, B., Shahinyan, A., Silwal, R., Singh, J., Sirca, S., Slifer, K., Snyder, R., Solvignon, P., Souder, P. A., Sperduto, M. L., Subedi, R., Stutzman, M. L., Suleiman, R., Sulkosky, V., Sutera, C. M., Tobias, W. A., Troth, W., Urciuoli, G. M., Ulmer, P., Vacheret, A., Voutier, E., Waidyawansa, B., Wang, D., Wang, K., Wexler, J., Whitbeck, A., Wilson, R., Wojtsekhowski, B., Yan, X., Yao, H., Ye, Y., Ye, Z., Yim, V., Zana, L., Zhan, X., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Zheng, X., Ziskin, V., and Zhu, P.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We have measured the beam-normal single-spin asymmetry $A_n$ in the elastic scattering of 1-3 GeV transversely polarized electrons from $^1$H and for the first time from $^4$He, $^{12}$C, and $^{208}$Pb. For $^1$H, $^4$He and $^{12}$C, the measurements are in agreement with calculations that relate $A_n$ to the imaginary part of the two-photon exchange amplitude including inelastic intermediate states. Surprisingly, the $^{208}$Pb result is significantly smaller than the corresponding prediction using the same formalism. These results suggest that a systematic set of new $A_n$ measurements might emerge as a new and sensitive probe of the structure of heavy nuclei., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted by PRL. v3: fixed one author name and affiliation, otherwise no change
Published: 2012
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40. Measurement of the Neutron Radius of 208Pb Through Parity-Violation in Electron Scattering

Author: Abrahamyan, S., Ahmed, Z., Albataineh, H., Aniol, K., Armstrong, D. S., Armstrong, W., Averett, T., Babineau, B., Barbieri, A., Bellini, V., Beminiwattha, R., Benesch, J., Benmokhtar, F., Bielarski, T., Boeglin, W., Camsonne, A., Canan, M., Carter, P., Cates, G. D., Chen, C., Chen, J. -P., Hen, O., Cusanno, F., Dalton, M. M., De Leo, R., de Jager, K., Deconinck, W., Decowski, P., Deng, X., Deur, A., Dutta, D., Etile, A., Flay, D., Franklin, G. B., Friend, M., Frullani, S., Fuchey, E., Garibaldi, F., Gasser, E., Gilman, R., Giusa, A., Glamazdin, A., Gomez, J., Grames, J., Gu, C., Hansen, O., Hansknecht, J., Higinbotham, D. W., Holmes, R. S., Holmstrom, T., Horowitz, C. J., Hoskins, J., Huang, J., Hyde, C. E., Itard, F., Jen, C. -M., Jensen, E., Jin, G., Johnston, S., Kelleher, A., Kliakhandler, K., King, P. M., Kowalski, S., Kumar, K. S., Leacock, J., Leckey IV, J., Lee, J. H., LeRose, J. J., Lindgren, R., Liyanage, N., Lubinsky, N., Mammei, J., Mammoliti, F., Margaziotis, D. J., Markowitz, P., McCreary, A., McNulty, D., Mercado, L., Meziani, Z. -E., Michaels, R. W., Mihovilovic, M., Muangma, N., Muñoz-Camacho, C., Nanda, S., Nelyubin, V., Nuruzzaman, N., Oh, Y., Palmer, A., Parno, D., Paschke, K. D., Phillips, S. K., Poelker, B., Pomatsalyuk, R., Posik, M., Puckett, A. J. R., Quinn, B., Rakhman, A., Reimer, P. E., Riordan, S., Rogan, P., Ron, G., Russo, G., Saenboonruang, K., Saha, A., Sawatzky, B., Shahinyan, A., Silwal, R., Sirca, S., Slifer, K., Solvignon, P., Souder, P. A., Sperduto, M. L., Subedi, R., Suleiman, R., Sulkosky, V., Sutera, C. M., Tobias, W. A., Troth, W., Urciuoli, G. M., Waidyawansa, B., Wang, D., Wexler, J., Wilson, R., Wojtsekhowski, B., Yan, X., Yao, H., Ye, Y., Ye, Z., Yim, V., Zana, L., Zhan, X., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Zheng, X., and Zhu, P.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We report the first measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry A_PV in the elastic scattering of polarized electrons from 208Pb. A_PV is sensitive to the radius of the neutron distribution (Rn). The result A_PV = 0.656 \pm 0.060 (stat) \pm 0.014 (syst) ppm corresponds to a difference between the radii of the neutron and proton distributions Rn - Rp = 0.33 +0.16 -0.18 fm and provides the first electroweak observation of the neutron skin which is expected in a heavy, neutron-rich nucleus., Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure
Published: 2012
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41. Probing for high-momentum protons in He 4 via the He 4 (e,e′p)X reactions

Author: Iqbal, S, Iqbal, S, Benmokhtar, F, Ivanov, M, See, N, Aniol, K, Higinbotham, DW, Boyd, C, Gadsby, A, Goodwill, JS, Finton, D, Boyer, A, Gilad, S, Saha, A, Udias, JM, Ye, Z, Solvignon, P, Aguilera, P, Ahmed, Z, Albataineh, H, Allada, K, Anderson, B, Anez, D, Annand, J, Arrington, J, Averett, T, Baghdasaryan, H, Bai, X, Beck, A, Beck, S, Bellini, V, Camsonne, A, Chen, C, Chen, JP, Chirapatpimol, K, Cisbani, E, Dalton, MM, Daniel, A, Day, D, Deconinck, W, Defurne, M, Flay, D, Fomin, N, Friend, M, Frullani, S, Fuchey, E, Garibaldi, F, Gaskell, D, Gilman, R, Glamazdin, S, Gu, C, Guèye, P, Hanretty, C, Hansen, JO, Shabestari, MH, Huang, M, Jin, G, Kalantarians, N, Kang, H, Kelleher, A, Korover, I, Lerose, J, Leckey, J, Lindgren, R, Long, E, Mammei, J, Margaziotis, DJ, Markowitz, P, Meekins, D, Meziani, Z, Michaels, R, Mihovilovic, M, Muangma, N, Camacho, CM, Norum, B, Nuruzzaman, Pan, K, Phillips, S, Piasetzky, E, Pomerantz, I, Posik, M, Punjabi, V, Qian, X, Qiang, Y, Qiu, X, Reimer, PE, Rakhman, A, Riordan, S, Ron, G, Rondon-Aramayo, O, Selvy, L, Shahinyan, A, Shneor, R, Sirca, S, Slifer, K, Sparveris, N, Subedi, R, Sulkosky, V, Wang, D, Watson, JW, Weinstein, LB, Iqbal, S, Iqbal, S, Benmokhtar, F, Ivanov, M, See, N, Aniol, K, Higinbotham, DW, Boyd, C, Gadsby, A, Goodwill, JS, Finton, D, Boyer, A, Gilad, S, Saha, A, Udias, JM, Ye, Z, Solvignon, P, Aguilera, P, Ahmed, Z, Albataineh, H, Allada, K, Anderson, B, Anez, D, Annand, J, Arrington, J, Averett, T, Baghdasaryan, H, Bai, X, Beck, A, Beck, S, Bellini, V, Camsonne, A, Chen, C, Chen, JP, Chirapatpimol, K, Cisbani, E, Dalton, MM, Daniel, A, Day, D, Deconinck, W, Defurne, M, Flay, D, Fomin, N, Friend, M, Frullani, S, Fuchey, E, Garibaldi, F, Gaskell, D, Gilman, R, Glamazdin, S, Gu, C, Guèye, P, Hanretty, C, Hansen, JO, Shabestari, MH, Huang, M, Jin, G, Kalantarians, N, Kang, H, Kelleher, A, Korover, I, Lerose, J, Leckey, J, Lindgren, R, Long, E, Mammei, J, Margaziotis, DJ, Markowitz, P, Meekins, D, Meziani, Z, Michaels, R, Mihovilovic, M, Muangma, N, Camacho, CM, Norum, B, Nuruzzaman, Pan, K, Phillips, S, Piasetzky, E, Pomerantz, I, Posik, M, Punjabi, V, Qian, X, Qiang, Y, Qiu, X, Reimer, PE, Rakhman, A, Riordan, S, Ron, G, Rondon-Aramayo, O, Selvy, L, Shahinyan, A, Shneor, R, Sirca, S, Slifer, K, Sparveris, N, Subedi, R, Sulkosky, V, Wang, D, Watson, JW, and Weinstein, LB
Abstract: Experimental cross sections for the He4(e,e′p)X reactions in the missing energy range from 0.017 to 0.022 GeV and up to a missing momentum of 0.632 GeV/c at xB=1.24 and Q2=2 (GeV/c)2 are reported. The data are compared to relativistic distorted-wave impulse approximation calculations for the He4(e,e′p)H3 channel. Significantly more events are observed for pm≥0.45 GeV/c than are predicted by the theoretical model, and striking fluctuations in the ratio of data to the theoretical model around pm=0.3GeV/c are possible signals of initial-state multinucleon correlations.
Published: 2022

42. Measurement of the Nucleon <math><msubsup><mi>F</mi><mn>2</mn><mi>n</mi></msubsup><mo>/</mo><msubsup><mi>F</mi><mn>2</mn><mi>p</mi></msubsup></math> Structure Function Ratio by the Jefferson Lab MARATHON Tritium/Helium-3 Deep Inelastic Scattering Experiment

Author: Abrams, D., Albataineh, H., Aljawrneh, B. S., Alsalmi, S., Androic, D., Aniol, K., Armstrong, W., Arrington, J., Atac, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bai, X., Bane, J., Barcus, S., Beck, A., Bellini, V., Bhatt, H., Bhetuwal, D., Biswas, D., Blyth, D., Boeglin, W., Bulumulla, D., Butler, J., Camsonne, A., Carmignotto, M., Castellanos, J., Chen, J.P., Cohen, E. O., Covrig, S., Craycraft, K., Cruz-Torres, R., Dongwi, B., Duran, B., Dutta, D., Fuchey, E., Gal, C., Gautam, T. N., Gilad, S., Gnanvo, K., Gogami, T., Gomez, J., Gu, C., Habarakada, A., Hague, T., Hansen, J.O., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., Higinbotham, D. W., Holt, R. J., Hughes, E. W., Hyde, C., Ibrahim, H., Jian, S., Joosten, S., Karki, A., Karki, B., Katramatou, A. T., Keith, C., Keppel, C., Khachatryan, M., Khachatryan, V., Khanal, A., Kievsky, A., King, D., King, P. M., Korover, I., Kulagin, S. A., Kumar, K. S., Kutz, T., Lashley-Colthirst, N., Li, S., Li, W., Liu, H., Liuti, S., Liyanage, N., Markowitz, P., McClellan, R. E., Meekins, D., Beck, S. Mey-Tal, Meziani, Z.E., Michaels, R., Mihovilovic, M., Nelyubin, V., Nguyen, D., Nuruzzaman, Nycz, M., Obrecht, R., Olson, M., Owen, V. F., Pace, E., Pandey, B., Pandey, V., Paolone, M., Papadopoulou, A., Park, S., Paul, S., Petratos, G. G., Petti, R., Piasetzky, E., Pomatsalyuk, R., Premathilake, S., Puckett, A. J. R., Punjabi, V., Ransome, R. D., Rashad, M. N. H., Reimer, P. E., Riordan, S., Roche, J., Salmè, G., Santiesteban, N., Sawatzky, B., Scopetta, S., Schmidt, A., Schmookler, B., Segal, J., Segarra, E. P., Shahinyan, A., Širca, S., Sparveris, N., Su, T., Suleiman, R., Szumila-Vance, H., Tadepalli, A. S., Tang, L., Tireman, W., Tortorici, F., Urciuoli, G. M., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, S., Ye, Z. H., Ye, Z. Y., and Zhang, J.
Abstract: The ratio of the nucleon F2 structure functions, F2n/F2p, is determined by the MARATHON experiment from measurements of deep inelastic scattering of electrons from H3 and He3 nuclei. The experiment was performed in the Hall A Facility of Jefferson Lab using two high-resolution spectrometers for electron detection, and a cryogenic target system which included a low-activity tritium cell. The data analysis used a novel technique exploiting the mirror symmetry of the two nuclei, which essentially eliminates many theoretical uncertainties in the extraction of the ratio. The results, which cover the Bjorken scaling variable range 0.19
Published: 2022

43. Form Factors and Two-Photon Exchange in High-Energy Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering

Author: Christy, M.E., Gautam, T., Ou, L., Schmookler, B., Wang, Y., Adikaram, D., Ahmed, Z., Albataineh, H., Ali, S.F., Aljawrneh, B., Allada, K., Allison, S.L., Alsalmi, S., Androic, D., Aniol, K., Annand, John, Arrington, J., Atac, H., Averett, T., Ayerbe Gayoso, C., Bai, X., Bane, J., Barcus, S., Bartlett, K., Bellini, V., Beminiwattha, R., Bericic, J., Bhatt, H., Bhetuwal, D., Biswas, D., Brash, E., Bulumulla, D., Camacho, C.M., Campbell, J., Camsonne, A., Carmignotto, M., Castellanos, J., Chen, C., Chen, J-P., Chetry, T., Cisbani, E., Clary, B., Cohen, E., Compton, N., Cornejo, J.C., Covrig Dusa, S., Crowe, B., Danagoulian, S., Danley, T., Deconinck, W., Defurne, M., Desnault, C., Di, D., Dlamini, M., Duer, M., Duran, B., Ent, R., Fanelli, C., Fuchey, E., Gal, C., Gaskell, D., Georges, F., Gilad, S., Glamazdin, O., Gnanvo, K., Gramolin, A.V., Gray, V.M., Gu, C., Habarakada, A., Hague, T., Hamad, G., Hamilton, David, Hamilton, K., Hansen, O., Hauenstein, F., Hernandez, A.V., Henry, W., Higinbotham, D.W., Holmstrom, T., Horn, T., Huang, Y., Huber, G.M., Hyde, C., Ibrahim, H., Israel, N., Jen, C-M., Jin, K., Jones, M., Kabir, A., Karki, B., Keppel, C., Khachatryan, V., King, P.M., Li, S., Li, W., Liu, H., Liu, J., Liyanage, A.H., Mack, D., Magee, J., Malace, S., Mammei, J., Markowitz, P., Mayilyan, S., McClellan, E., Meddi, F., Meekins, D., Mesick, K., Michaels, R., Mkrtchyan, A., Moffit, B., Montgomery, Rachel, Myers, L.S., Nadel-Turonski, P., Nazeer, S.J., Nelyubin, V., Nguyen, D., Nuruzzaman, N., Nycz, M., Obrecht, R.F., Ohanyan, K., Palatchi, C., Pandey, B., Park, K., Park, S., Peng, C., Persio, F.D., Pomatsalyuk, R., Pooser, E., Puckett, A.J.R., Punjabi, V., Quinn, B., Rahman, S., Rashad, M.N.H., Reimer, P.E., Riordan, S., Roche, J., Sapkota, I., Sarty, A., Sawatzky, B., Saylor, N.H., Shabestari, M.H., Shahinyan, A., Širca, S., Smith, G.R., Sooriyaarachchilage, S., Sparveris, N., Spies, R., Stefanko, A., Su, T., Subedi, A., Sulkosky, V., Sun, A., Tan, Y., Thorne, L., Ton, N., Tortorici, F., Trotta, R., Uniyal, R., Urciuoli, G.M., Voutier, E., Waidyawansa, B., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, S., Yan, X., Ye, L., Ye, Z.H., Yero, C., Zhang, J., Zhao, Y.X., Zhu, P., Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), CentraleSupélec, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
Subjects: exchange: two-photon, polarization, longitudinal, momentum transfer, p: form factor: magnetic, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], form factor, electron-proton scattering, two photon exchange, High Energy Physics - Experiment, electron p: scattering, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), transverse, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), cross section: elastic scattering, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We present new precision measurements of the elastic electron-proton scattering cross section for momentum transfer (Q$^2$) up to 15.75~\gevsq. Combined with existing data, these provide an improved extraction of the proton magnetic form factor at high Q$^2$ and double the range over which a longitudinal/transverse separation of the cross section can be performed. The difference between our results and polarization data agrees with that observed at lower Q$^2$ and attributed to hard two-photon exchange (TPE) effects, extending to 8~(GeV/c)$^2$ the range of Q$^2$ for which a discrepancy is established at $>$95\% confidence. We use the discrepancy to quantify the size of TPE contributions needed to explain the cross section at high Q$^2$., 7 pages, 2 figures
Published: 2022
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44. New Measurements of the Beam-Normal Single Spin Asymmetry in Elastic Electron Scattering Over a Range of Spin-0 Nuclei

Author: PREX, Collaborations, CREX, Adhikari, D., Albataineh, H., Androic, D., Aniol, K., Armstrong, D. S., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Barcus, S., Bellini, V., Beminiwattha, R. S., Benesch, J. F., Bhatt, H., Pathak, D. Bhatta, Bhetuwal, D., Blaikie, B., Boyd, J., Campagna, Q., Camsonne, A., Cates, G. D., Chen, Y., Clarke, C., Cornejo, J. C., Dusa, S. Covrig, Dalton, M. M., Datta, P., Deshpande, A., Dutta, D., Feldman, C., Fuchey, E., Gal, C., Gaskell, D., Gautam, T., Gericke, M., Ghosh, C., Halilovic, I., Hansen, J. -O., Hauenstein, F., Henry, W., Horowitz, C. J., Jantzi, C., Jian, S., Johnston, S., Jones, D. C., Karki, B., Kakkar, S., Katugampola, S., Keppel, C. E., King, P. M., King, D. E., Knauss, M., Kumar, K. S., Kutz, T., Lashley-Colthirst, N., Leverick, G., Liu, H., Liyange, N., Malace, S., Mammei, J., Mammei, R., McCaughan, M., McNulty, D., Meekins, D., Metts, C., Michaels, R., Mihovilovic, M., Mondal, M. M., Napolitano, J., Nikolaev, D., Rashad, M. N. H., Owen, V., Palatchi, C., Pan, J., Pandey, B., Park, S., Paschke, K. D., Petrusky, M., Pitt, M. L., Premathilake, S., Puckett, A. J. R., Quinn, B., Radloff, R., Rahman, S., Rathnayake, A., Reed, B. T., Reimer, P. E., Richards, R., Riordan, S., Roblin, Y., Seeds, S., Shahinyan, A., Souder, P. A., Tang, L., Thiel, M., Tian, Y., Urciuoli, G. M., Wertz, E. W., Wojtsekhowski, B., Xiong, W., Yale, B., Ye, T., Zec, A., Zhang, W., Zhang, J., and Zheng, X.
Subjects: General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), single spin asymmetry, elastic electron scattering, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We report precision determinations of the beam normal single spin asymmetries ($A_n$) in the elastic scattering of 0.95 and 2.18~GeV electrons off $^{12}$C, $^{40}$Ca, $^{48}$Ca, and $^{208}$Pb at very forward angles where the most detailed theoretical calculations have been performed. The first measurements of $A_n$ for $^{40}$Ca and $^{48}$Ca are found to be similar to that of $^{12}$C, consistent with expectations thus demonstrating the validity of theoretical calculations for nuclei with Z~$\leq20$. We also report $A_n$ for $^{208}$Pb at two new momentum transfers (Q$^2$) extending the previous measurement. Our new data confirm the surprising result previously reported, with all three data points showing significant disagreement with the results from the $Z\leq 20$ nuclei. These data confirm our basic understanding of the underlying dynamics that govern $A_n$ for nuclei containing $\lesssim 50$ nucleons, but point to the need for further investigation to understand the unusual $A_n$ behaviour discovered for scattering off $^{208}$Pb., Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures
Published: 2022
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45. Probing for high-momentum protons in $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ via the $^{4}\mathrm{He}(e,{e}^{'}p)X$ reactions

Author: Iqbal, S., Benmokhtar, F., Ivanov, M., See, N., Aniol, K., Higinbotham, D.W., Boyd, C., Gadsby, A., Goodwill, J.S., Finton, D., Boyer, A., Gilad, S., Saha, A., Udias, J.M., Ye, Z., Solvignon, P., Aguilera, P., Ahmed, Z., Albataineh, H., Allada, K., Anderson, B., Anez, D., Annand, J., Arrington, J., Averett, T., Baghdasaryan, H., Bai, X., Beck, A., Beck, S., Bellini, V., Camsonne, A., Chen, C., Chen, J.-P., Chirapatpimol, K., Cisbani, E., Dalton, M.M., Daniel, A., Day, D., Deconinck, W., Defurne, M., Flay, D., Fomin, N., Friend, M., Frullani, S., Fuchey, E., Garibaldi, F., Gaskell, D., Gilman, R., Glamazdin, S., Gu, C., Guèye, P., Hanretty, C., Hansen, J.-O., Hashemi Shabestari, M., Huang, M., Jin, G., Kalantarians, N., Kang, H., Kelleher, A., Korover, I., Lerose, J., Leckey, J., Lindgren, R., Long, E., Mammei, J., Margaziotis, D.J., Markowitz, P., Meekins, D., Meziani, Z., Michaels, R., Mihovilovic, M., Muangma, N., Munoz Camacho, C., Norum, B., Nuruzzaman, M., Pan, K., Phillips, S., Piasetzky, E., Pomerantz, I., Posik, M., Punjabi, V., Qian, X., Qiang, Y., Qiu, X., Reimer, P.E., Rakhman, A., Riordan, S., Ron, G., Rondon-Aramayo, O., Selvy, L., Shahinyan, A., Shneor, R., Sirca, S., Slifer, K., Sparveris, N., Subedi, R., Sulkosky, V., Wang, D., Watson, J.W., Weinstein, L.B., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, S.A., Yaron, I., Zhan, X., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y.W., Zhao, B., Zheng, X., Zhu, P., Zielinski, R., Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), and Jefferson Lab Hall A
Subjects: [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th]
Abstract: International audience; Experimental cross sections for the He4(e,e′p)X reactions in the missing energy range from 0.017 to 0.022 GeV and up to a missing momentum of 0.632 GeV/c at xB=1.24 and Q2=2 (GeV/c)2 are reported. The data are compared to relativistic distorted-wave impulse approximation calculations for the He4(e,e′p)H3 channel. Significantly more events are observed for pm≥0.45 GeV/c than are predicted by the theoretical model, and striking fluctuations in the ratio of data to the theoretical model around pm=0.3GeV/c are possible signals of initial-state multinucleon correlations.
Published: 2022
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46. Probing for high momentum protons in $^4$He via the $^4He(e,e'p)X$ reaction

Author: Iqbal, S., Benmokhtar, F., Ivanov, M., See, N., Aniol, K., Higinbotham, D. W., Boyd, C., Gadsby, A., Gilad, S., Saha, A., Udias, J. M., Goodwill, J. S., Finton, D., Boyer, A., Ye, Z., Solvignon, P., Aguilera, P., Ahmed, Z., Albataineh, H., Allada, K., Anderson, B., Anez, D., Annand, J., Arrington, J., Averett, T., Baghdasaryan, H., Bai, X., Beck, A., Beck, S., Bellini, V., Camsonne, A., Chen, C., Chen, J. -P., Chirapatpimol, K., Cisbani, E., Dalton, M. M., Daniel, A., Day, D., Deconinck, W., Defurne, M., Flay, D., Fomin, N., Friend, M., Frullani, S., Fuchey, E., Garibaldi, F., Gaskell, D., Gilman, R., Glamazdin, S., Gu, C., Gueye, P., Hanretty, C., Hansen, J. -O., Shabestari, M. Hashemi, Huang, M., Jin, G., Kalantarians, N., Kang, H., Kelleher, A., Korover, I., LeRose, J., Leckey, J., Lindgren, R., Long, E., Mammei, J., Margaziotis, D. J., Markowitz, P., Meekins, D., Meziani, Z., Michaels, R., Mihovilovic, M., Muangma, N., Camacho, C. Munoz, Norum, B., Nuruzzaman, Nuruzzaman, Pan, K., Phillips, S., Piasetzky, E., Pomerantz, I., Posik, M., Punjabi, V., Qian, X., Qiang, Y., Qiu, X., Reimer, P. E., Rakhman, A ., Riordan, S., Ron, G., Rondon-Aramayo, O., Selvy, L., Shahinyan, A., Shneor, R., Sirca, S., Slifer, K., Sparveris, N., Subedi, R., Sulkosky, V., Wang, D., Watson, J. W., Weinstein, L. B., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, S. A., Yaron, I., Zhan, X., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y. W., Zhao, B., Zheng, X., Zhu, P., Zielinski, R., Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Jefferson Lab Hall A, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and HEP, INSPIRE
Subjects: [PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Experimental cross sections for the $^4He(e,e'p)X$ reaction up to a missing momentum of 0.632 GeV/$c$ at $x_B=1.24$ and $Q^2$=2(GeV/$c$)$^2$ are reported. The data are compared to Relativistic Distorted Wave Impulse Approximation(RDWIA) calculations for $^4He(e,e'p)^3H$ channel. Significantly more events in the triton mass region are measured for $p_{m}$$>$0.45 GeV/$c$ than are predicted by the theoretical model, suggesting that the effects of initial-state multi-nucleon correlations are stronger than expected by the RDWIA model., Submitted to PRC
Published: 2021
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47. Deep Exclusive Electroproduction of π0 at High Q2 in the Quark Valence Regime

Author: The Jefferson Lab Hall A Collaboration, Dlamini, M., Karki, B., Ali, S. F., Lin, P-J., Georges, F., Ko, H-S, Israel, N., Rashad, M. N. H., Stefanko, A., Adikaram, D., Ahmed, Z., Albataineh, H., Aljawrneh, B., Allada, K., Allison, S., Alsalmi, S., Androic, D., Aniol, K., Annand, J., Atac, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bai, X., Bane, J., Barcus, S., Bartlett, K., Bellini, V., Beminiwattha, R., Bericic, J., Biswas, D., Brash, E., Bulumulla, D., Campbell, J., Camsonne, A., Carmignotto, M., Castellano, J., Chen, C., Chen, J-P., Chetry, T., Christy, M. E., Cisbani, E., Clary, B., Cohen, E., Compton, N., Cornejo, J. C., Dusa, S. Covrig, Crowe, B., Danagoulian, S., Danley, T., De Persio, F., Deconinck, W., Defurne, M., Desnault, C., Di, D., Duer, M., Duran, B., Ent, R., Fanelli, C., Franklin, G., Fuchey, E., Gal, C., Gaskell, D., Gautam, T., Glamazdin, O., Gnanvo, K., Gray, V. M., Gu, C., Hague, T., Hamad, G., Hamilton, D., Hamilton, K., Hansen, O., Hauenstein, F., Henry, W., Higinbotham, D. W., Holmstrom, T., Horn, T., Huang, Y., Huber, G. M., Hyde, C., Ibrahim, H., Jen, C-M., Jin, K., Jones, M., Kabir, A., Keppel, C., Khachatryan, V., King, P. M., Li, S., Li, W., Liu, J., Liu, H., Liyanage, A., Magee, J., Malace, S., Mammei, J., Markowitz, P., McClellan, E., Meddi, F., Meekins, D., Mesik, K., Michaels, R., Mkrtchyan, A., Montgomery, R., Camacho, C. Munoz, Myers, L. S., Nadel-Turonski, P., Nazeer, S. J., Nelyubin, V., Nguyen, D., Nuruzzaman, N., Nycz, M., Obretch, O. F., Ou, L., Palatchi, C., Pandey, B., Park, S., Park, K., Peng, C., Pomatsalyuk, R., Pooser, E., Puckett, A. J. R., Punjabi, V., Quinn, B., Rahman, S., Reimer, P. E., Roche, J., Sapkota, I., Sarty, A., Sawatzky, B., Saylor, N. H., Schmookler, B., Shabestari, M. H., Shahinyan, A., Sirca, S., Smith, G. R., Sooriyaarachchilage, S., Sparveris, N., Spies, R., Su, T., Subedi, A., Sulkosky, V., Sun, A., Thorne, L., Tian, Y., Ton, N., Tortorici, F., Trotta, R., Urciuoli, G. M., Voutier, E., Waidyawansa, B., Wang, Y., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, S., Yan, X., Ye, L., Ye, Z., Yero, C., Zhang, J., Zhao, Y., Zhu, P., Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Jefferson Lab Hall A
Subjects: [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], momentum transfer dependence, helicity, High Energy Physics - Experiment, pi: distribution amplitude, generalized parton distribution: transversity, kinematics, pi0: electroproduction, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], quark: valence, polarization: transverse, High Energy Physics::Experiment, p: structure function, Nuclear Experiment, experimental results, photon: virtual, Jefferson Lab
Abstract: International audience; We report measurements of the exclusive neutral pion electroproduction cross section off protons at large values of xB (0.36, 0.48, and 0.60) and Q2 (3.1 to 8.4 GeV2) obtained from Jefferson Lab Hall A experiment E12-06-014. The corresponding structure functions dσT/dt+εdσL/dt, dσTT/dt, dσLT/dt, and dσLT′/dt are extracted as a function of the proton momentum transfer t-tmin. The results suggest the amplitude for transversely polarized virtual photons continues to dominate the cross section throughout this kinematic range. The data are well described by calculations based on transversity generalized parton distributions coupled to a helicity flip distribution amplitude of the pion, thus providing a unique way to probe the structure of the nucleon.
Published: 2021
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48. Comparing proton momentum distributions in = 2 and 3 Nuclei via H H and He ( , ′ ) Measurements

Author: Cruz-Torres, R., Li, S., Hauenstein, F., Schmidt, A., Nguyen, D., Abrams, D., Albataineh, H., Alsalmi, S., Androic, D., Aniol, K., Armstrong, W., Arrington, J., Atac, H., Averett, T., Ayerbe Gayoso, C., Bai, X., Bane, J., Barcus, S., Beck, A., Bellini, V., Bhatt, H., Bhetuwal, D., Biswas, D., Blyth, D., Boeglin, W., Bulumulla, D., Camsonne, A., Castellanos, J., Chen, J.P., Cohen, E.O., Covrig, S., Craycraft, K., Dongwi, B., Duer, M., Duran, B., Dutta, D., Fuchey, E., Gal, C., Gautam, T.N., Gilad, S., Gnanvo, K., Gogami, T., Gomez, J., Gu, C., Habarakada, A., Hague, T., Hansen, O., Hattawy, M., Hen, O., Higinbotham, D.W., Hughes, E., Hyde, C., Ibrahim, H., Jian, S., Joosten, S., Karki, A., Karki, B., Katramatou, A.T., Keppel, C., Khachatryan, M., Khachatryan, V., Khanal, A., King, D., King, P., Korover, I., Kutz, T., Lashley-Colthirst, N., Laskaris, G., Li, W., Liu, H., Liyanage, N., Lonardoni, D., Machleidt, R., Marcucci, L.E., Markowitz, P., McClellan, R.E., Meekins, D., Mey-Tal Beck, S., Meziani, Z.E., Michaels, R., Mihovilovič, M., Nelyubin, V., Nuruzzaman, N., Nycz, M., Obrecht, R., Olson, M., Ou, L., Owen, V., Pandey, B., Pandey, V., Papadopoulou, A., Park, S., Patsyuk, M., Paul, S., Petratos, G.G., Piasetzky, E., Pomatsalyuk, R., Premathilake, S., Puckett, A.J.R., Punjabi, V., Ransome, R., Rashad, M.N.H., Reimer, P.E., Riordan, S., Roche, J., Sammarruca, F., Santiesteban, N., Sawatzky, B., Segarra, E.P., Schmookler, B., Shahinyan, A., Širca, S., Sparveris, N., Su, T., Suleiman, R., Szumila-Vance, H., Tadepalli, A.S., Tang, L., Tireman, W., Tortorici, F., Urciuoli, G., Viviani, M., Weinstein, L.B., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, S., Ye, Z.H., Ye, Z.Y., and Zhang, J.
Abstract: We report the first measurement of the (e,e′p) reaction cross-section ratios for Helium-3 (He3), Tritium (H3), and Deuterium (d). The measurement covered a missing momentum range of 40≤pmiss≤550MeV/c, at large momentum transfer (〈Q2〉≈1.9 (GeV/c)$^{2}$) and xB>1, which minimized contributions from non quasi-elastic (QE) reaction mechanisms. The data is compared with plane-wave impulse approximation (PWIA) calculations using realistic spectral functions and momentum distributions. The measured and PWIA-calculated cross-section ratios for He3/d and H3/d extend to just above the typical nucleon Fermi-momentum (kF≈250 MeV/c) and differ from each other by ∼20%, while for He3/H3 they agree within the measurement accuracy of about 3%. At momenta above kF, the measured He3/H3 ratios differ from the calculation by 20%−50%. Final state interaction (FSI) calculations using the generalized Eikonal Approximation indicate that FSI should change the He3/H3 cross-section ratio for this measurement by less than 5%. If these calculations are correct, then the differences at large missing momenta between the He3/H3 experimental and calculated ratios could be due to the underlying NN interaction, and thus could provide new constraints on the previously loosely-constrained short-distance parts of the NN interaction.
Published: 2019

49. Comparing proton momentum distributions in A = 2 and 3 nuclei via 2H 3H and 3He (e,e′p) measurements

Author: Cruz-Torres, R., primary, Li, S., additional, Hauenstein, F., additional, Schmidt, A., additional, Nguyen, D., additional, Abrams, D., additional, Albataineh, H., additional, Alsalmi, S., additional, Androic, D., additional, Aniol, K., additional, Armstrong, W., additional, Arrington, J., additional, Atac, H., additional, Averett, T., additional, Ayerbe Gayoso, C., additional, Bai, X., additional, Bane, J., additional, Barcus, S., additional, Beck, A., additional, Bellini, V., additional, Bhatt, H., additional, Bhetuwal, D., additional, Biswas, D., additional, Blyth, D., additional, Boeglin, W., additional, Bulumulla, D., additional, Camsonne, A., additional, Castellanos, J., additional, Chen, J.-P., additional, Cohen, E.O., additional, Covrig, S., additional, Craycraft, K., additional, Dongwi, B., additional, Duer, M., additional, Duran, B., additional, Dutta, D., additional, Fuchey, E., additional, Gal, C., additional, Gautam, T.N., additional, Gilad, S., additional, Gnanvo, K., additional, Gogami, T., additional, Gomez, J., additional, Gu, C., additional, Habarakada, A., additional, Hague, T., additional, Hansen, O., additional, Hattawy, M., additional, Hen, O., additional, Higinbotham, D.W., additional, Hughes, E., additional, Hyde, C., additional, Ibrahim, H., additional, Jian, S., additional, Joosten, S., additional, Karki, A., additional, Karki, B., additional, Katramatou, A.T., additional, Keppel, C., additional, Khachatryan, M., additional, Khachatryan, V., additional, Khanal, A., additional, King, D., additional, King, P., additional, Korover, I., additional, Kutz, T., additional, Lashley-Colthirst, N., additional, Laskaris, G., additional, Li, W., additional, Liu, H., additional, Liyanage, N., additional, Lonardoni, D., additional, Machleidt, R., additional, Marcucci, L.E., additional, Markowitz, P., additional, McClellan, R.E., additional, Meekins, D., additional, Mey-Tal Beck, S., additional, Meziani, Z.-E., additional, Michaels, R., additional, Mihovilovič, M., additional, Nelyubin, V., additional, Nuruzzaman, N., additional, Nycz, M., additional, Obrecht, R., additional, Olson, M., additional, Ou, L., additional, Owen, V., additional, Pandey, B., additional, Pandey, V., additional, Papadopoulou, A., additional, Park, S., additional, Patsyuk, M., additional, Paul, S., additional, Petratos, G.G., additional, Piasetzky, E., additional, Pomatsalyuk, R., additional, Premathilake, S., additional, Puckett, A.J.R., additional, Punjabi, V., additional, Ransome, R., additional, Rashad, M.N.H., additional, Reimer, P.E., additional, Riordan, S., additional, Roche, J., additional, Sammarruca, F., additional, Santiesteban, N., additional, Sawatzky, B., additional, Segarra, E.P., additional, Schmookler, B., additional, Shahinyan, A., additional, Širca, S., additional, Sparveris, N., additional, Su, T., additional, Suleiman, R., additional, Szumila-Vance, H., additional, Tadepalli, A.S., additional, Tang, L., additional, Tireman, W., additional, Tortorici, F., additional, Urciuoli, G., additional, Viviani, M., additional, Weinstein, L.B., additional, Wojtsekhowski, B., additional, Wood, S., additional, Ye, Z.H., additional, Ye, Z.Y., additional, and Zhang, J., additional
Published: 2019
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50. Search for three-nucleon short-range correlations in light nuclei

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Deconinck, Wouter, Kelleher, Aidan Michael, Muangma, Navaphon, Pan, Kai, Sulkosky, Vincent, Ye, Z., Solvignon, P., Nguyen, D., Aguilera, P., Ahmed, Z., Albataineh, H., Allada, K., Anderson, B., Anez, D., Aniol, K., Annand, J., Arrington, J., Averett, T., Baghdasaryan, H., Bai, X., Beck, A., Beck, S., Bellini, V., Benmokhtar, F., Camsonne, A., Chen, C., Chen, J.-P., Chirapatpimol, K., Cisbani, E., Dalton, M. M., Daniel, A., Day, D., Defurne, M., Flay, D., Fomin, N., Friend, M., Frullani, S., Fuchey, E., Garibaldi, F., Gaskell, D., Gilad, S., Gilman, R., Glamazdin, S., Gu, C., Guèye, P., Hanretty, C., Hansen, J.-O., Shabestari, M. Hashemi, Higinbotham, D. W., Huang, M., Iqbal, S., Jin, G., Kalantarians, N., Kang, H., Korover, I., LeRose, J., Leckey, J., Lindgren, R., Long, E., Mammei, J., Margaziotis, D. J., Markowitz, P., Meekins, D., Meziani, Z., Michaels, R., Mihovilovic, M., Camacho, C. Munoz, Norum, B., Nuruzzaman, Phillips, S., Piasetzky, E., Pomerantz, I., Posik, M., Punjabi, V., Qian, X., Qiang, Y., Qiu, X., Reimer, P. E., Rakhman, A., Riordan, S., Ron, G., Rondon-Aramayo, O., Saha, A., Selvy, L., Shahinyan, A., Shneor, R., Sirca, S., Slifer, K., Sparveris, N., Subedi, R., Wang, D., Watson, J. W., Weinstein, L. B., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, S. A., Yaron, I., Zhan, X., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y. W., Zhao, B., Zheng, X., Zhu, P., Zielinski, R., Kelleher, Aidan, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Deconinck, Wouter, Kelleher, Aidan Michael, Muangma, Navaphon, Pan, Kai, Sulkosky, Vincent, Ye, Z., Solvignon, P., Nguyen, D., Aguilera, P., Ahmed, Z., Albataineh, H., Allada, K., Anderson, B., Anez, D., Aniol, K., Annand, J., Arrington, J., Averett, T., Baghdasaryan, H., Bai, X., Beck, A., Beck, S., Bellini, V., Benmokhtar, F., Camsonne, A., Chen, C., Chen, J.-P., Chirapatpimol, K., Cisbani, E., Dalton, M. M., Daniel, A., Day, D., Defurne, M., Flay, D., Fomin, N., Friend, M., Frullani, S., Fuchey, E., Garibaldi, F., Gaskell, D., Gilad, S., Gilman, R., Glamazdin, S., Gu, C., Guèye, P., Hanretty, C., Hansen, J.-O., Shabestari, M. Hashemi, Higinbotham, D. W., Huang, M., Iqbal, S., Jin, G., Kalantarians, N., Kang, H., Korover, I., LeRose, J., Leckey, J., Lindgren, R., Long, E., Mammei, J., Margaziotis, D. J., Markowitz, P., Meekins, D., Meziani, Z., Michaels, R., Mihovilovic, M., Camacho, C. Munoz, Norum, B., Nuruzzaman, Phillips, S., Piasetzky, E., Pomerantz, I., Posik, M., Punjabi, V., Qian, X., Qiang, Y., Qiu, X., Reimer, P. E., Rakhman, A., Riordan, S., Ron, G., Rondon-Aramayo, O., Saha, A., Selvy, L., Shahinyan, A., Shneor, R., Sirca, S., Slifer, K., Sparveris, N., Subedi, R., Wang, D., Watson, J. W., Weinstein, L. B., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, S. A., Yaron, I., Zhan, X., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y. W., Zhao, B., Zheng, X., Zhu, P., Zielinski, R., and Kelleher, Aidan
Abstract: We present new data probing short-range correlations (SRCs) in nuclei through the measurement of electron scattering off high-momentum nucleons in nuclei. The inclusive ^{4}He/^{3}He cross section ratio is observed to be both x and Q^{2} independent for 1.52, our data support the hypothesis that a previous claim of three-nucleon correlation dominance was an artifact caused by the limited resolution of the measurement. While 3N-SRCs appear to have an important contribution, our data show that isolating 3N-SRCs is significantly more complicated than for 2N-SRCs., United States. Department of Energy (Contract DE-AC05-06OR23177), United States. Department of Energy (Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357), United States. Department of Energy (Contract DE-FG02-96ER40950)
Published: 2018

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