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Voltage source inverters (VSIs) are widely utilized in motor drives and renewable energy integration. Pulsewidth modulation (PWM)-VSIs are employed to generate a controlled alternating current (ac) waveform from a finite direct current (dc) link voltage. When the amplitude of the reference signal exceeds its linearity limit, which is Vdc/2 for sinusoidal PWM (SPWM), a PWM-VSI operates in the overmodulation region which causes a significant reduction in the quality of the output ac voltage and the dc bus utilization (DBU). In this article, first, two adaptive optimal third harmonic injection (AOTHI)-PWM schemes are proposed to minimize voltage total harmonic distortion (THD) (AOTHI-THDv) and maximize DBU (AOTHI-DBU). To validate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes, the resulting THD and DBU values are compared with existing continuous/discontinuous PWM scheme results. Then, to meet the practical implementation in microcontrollers, one generalized AOTHI-PWM is formulated to adaptively generate an optimal injection level using two proposed mathematical models. Aside from the simulation evaluations, the performances of the proposed schemes are also validated through experimental comparisons, which show a superiority over the other PWM schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, an optimal design procedure of shunt RC damped LCL filter is discussed. The proposed design procedure finds the minimum damping resistance to guarantee the stability of the grid-current controller without affecting the effectiveness of the filter. This minimum value is derived using the factorized filter input admittance and filter forward transadmittance. The proposed factorization procedure allows us to have an analytical expression of system poles and zeros. Moreover, the minimum damping resistor is determined upon the desired crossover frequency and the desired phase margin of the grid-current controller. After that, an objective function is assumed, and an optimization problem is formulated to minimize the physical size of the filter by minimizing the total capacitance and inductance and by minimizing the filter ripple content as well. Accordingly, the proposed objective function minimizes the filter physical size and filter power losses and, hence, enhances filter's efficiency. A prototype demonstrates and validates the proposed filter design and analysis experimentally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Full time-domain analysis of the impact of third-harmonic injection (THI) on the output phase voltage waveform of a two-level voltage source inverter is presented, and the total harmonic distortion (THD) performance of different pulsewidth modulation (PWM) methods is provided. Two well-known third harmonic injection PWM (THIPWM) schemes are adopted from the literature: THIPWM6 and THIPWM4, where the THI amplitude is one-sixth and one-fourth the amplitude of the sine-wave, respectively. In this article, three analysis-derived developments are provided. Global optimal THIPWM ensures minimum THD in all linear region, unlike other THIPWM schemes. A unique THI-level is selected for each modulation index from the proposed curve or the compacted lookup table. The best suboptimal THIPWM method is provided that employs a linear injection applied over the linear modulation. To achieve better THD performance and to satisfy different operation criteria, several suboptimal THIPWM methods are proposed. Comparisons between these schemes must define performance indices, and this is carried out using various objective functions, such as the sum of squared error and area under the curve. The impact on extending the linear region is also presented. This study examines when THIPWM is useful and which injection level is best. Experimental verifications support the presented analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new and efficient global optimization method known as teaching-learning-based optimization is adopted to optimally design the parameters of a passive RC-damped LCL filter for grid-connected voltage source inverters. The novel proposed objective function of the optimization algorithm is to minimize the values of inductors and capacitors. The proposed design improves inverter efficiency and minimizes filter stored energy at a predefined operating and switching frequencies. Moreover, the proposed design procedure may reduce the complexity of the passive RC-damped LCL filter by removing one inductor or one capacitor. The optimal design procedure is built based on an accurate mathematical model and description of the filter topology. A detailed comparison between the results of the proposed work and related work in the literature is thoroughly discussed. The optimized filter is designed, built, and validated analytically and experimentally for verification based on a hardware prototype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, several research works have addressed and developed the phase-locked loop (PLL) in single-phase grid-connected converters with different structures and properties. Each has merits and demerits, such as a complex structure, high computational burden, and slow transient response. This paper aims to comprehensively review advanced single-phase PLLs based on transport delay operators to realize signal orthogonality. A deep insight into the PLLs' small-signal modeling, main characteristics, stability analysis, and loop filter design are provided in this paper. The main advantages and drawbacks are explained for each type of PLL in terms of different performance indexes, such as settling time, estimation error, and ripples in the estimated grid information. This paper also aims to provide optimal tuning and design of the loop filter gains from the large-signal model point of view, including all the nonlinearities, adopting the stochastic optimization method. All simulations are implemented using the MATLAB/Simulink 2018b environment to validate all theoretical analyses of this paper. The sampling and nominal frequencies are set to be 100 kHz and 50 Hz throughout all the simulation studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance optimization of the two-level, three-phase, grid-feeding, voltage-source inverter (VSI) is studied in this paper, which adopts an online adaptive switching frequency algorithm (OASF). A new degree of freedom has been added to the employed OASF algorithm for optimal selection of the weighting factor and overall system optimization design. Toward that end, a full mathematical formulation, including the impact of the coupling inductor and the controller response time, is presented. At first, the weighting factor is selected to favor the switching losses, and the controller gains are optimized by minimizing the integral time-weighted absolute error (ITAE) of the output active and reactive power. Different loading and ambient temperature conditions are considered to validate the optimized controller and its fast response through online field programmable gate array (FPGA)-in-the-loop. Then, the weighting factor is optimally selected to reduce the cost of the L-filter and the heat-sink. An optimization problem to minimize the cost design at the worst case of loading condition for grid-feeding VSI is formulated. The results from this optimization problem are the filter inductance, the thermal resistance of the heat-sink, and the optimal switching frequency with the optimal weighting factor. The VSI test-bed using the optimized parameters is used to verify the proposed work experimentally. Adopting the OASF algorithm that employs the optimal weighting factor for grid-feeding VSI, the percentages of the reductions in the slope of the steady state junction temperature profile compared to fixed frequencies of 10 kHz, 14.434 kHz, and 20 kHz are about 6%, 30%, and 18%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the mathematical and harmonic analyses of output phase voltages of three-phase voltage source inverters which employ a hybrid two-dimensional–threedimensional (2-D–3-D) space vector modulation (SVM) voltage control algorithm. The explicit time-domain representation of the harmonic components in addition to the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the output phase voltages is given in terms of system and control parameters. This paper also investigates the harmonic characteristics and THD performance against the linearity of the modulation region which helps in the harmonic performance and design studies of such inverters employing the hybrid 2-D–3-D SVM. The fundamental component of the output voltages follows the reference with lower THD in the linear modulation region rather than the overmodulation region. Experimental results are used to validate these analyses as well as the effectiveness of the hybrid 2-D–3-D SVM algorithm for generating balanced and low THD phase voltages. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper presents a method to improve the power quality of a class of shared inverter topologies utilizing optimal sorting and the offsetting pulsewidth modulation (PWM) method. For the (3 n +3)-switch converter topologies, a PWM procedure with two degrees of freedom is proposed to enhance the quality at the power side of the shared loads without adding more passive elements. Moreover, the two degrees of freedom are analyzed and optimized to improve the power quality of the output current of the shared loads. The optimization is achieved using particle swarm optimization (PSO) method in which three objective functions are formulated, each of which impacts the power quality at the shared load sides. The objective functions are: the total harmonic distortion (THD), the scaled total harmonic distortion (STHD), and the summation of the eleventh order of harmonics (SFEH) of the current of the shared loads. A case study that compares the PSO results with the conventional results is investigated to highlight the effectiveness of the proposed procedure. Furthermore, a test bed is built and the proposed procedure is experimentally investigated, verified, and compared to the simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]