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Pregnancy and/or the puerperium involve social, physiological and psychological changes that make women more vulnerable to mental disorders such as anxiety and depression, even more so if these develop in stressful contexts such as the pandemic. The aim of this study is to identify factors associated with the risk of postpartum anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted among postpartum women (n = 69) who gave birth between March 2020 and March 2021 in Melilla, a Spanish cross-border city with Morocco whose borders were closed, making it a confined city. The scales used were the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Results reported an elevated risk of depression (85.5%) and anxiety (63.8%), with severe anxiety reaching 40.6% of cases. Predictors of postpartum depression comprised a personal history of mood disorders (β = 8.421; CI95% = 4.863/11.978) and having been diagnosed with COVID-19 during pregnancy or postpartum (β = 4.488; CI95% = 1.331/7.646). As regards anxiety, it is predicted on the basis of mood antecedents (β = 14.175; CI95% = 7.870/20.479), the fact of having been diagnosed with COVID-19 during pregnancy or postpartum (β = 8.781; CI95% = 2.970/14.592) and the fact of being a multipara (β = 5.513; CI95% = 0.706/10.321). In conclusion, special attention should be paid to women with a history of mood disorders and a positive diagnosis of COVID-19 during pregnancy or postpartum, even more so in the case of multiparous women, because of its impact on mental health during the postpartum period.

Se trata, en el presente artículo, de efectuar una aproximación a la vida y obra del dibujante malagueño Rafael Sánchez Campos, autor, entre otros trabajos publicitarios, del gordo de la Cerveza Victoria. Su producción fue variada, prodigándose en la realización de diapositivas comerciales de las que hasta hace unos años se pro­yectaban en los cines. Con su estilo sencillo y eficaz contribuyó al surgimiento de cierta iconografía malagueña, especialmente favore­cida por los encargos que recibía de diversas entidades y agencias publicitarias de la ciudad.

El artículo trata de determinar la posible localización de la ceca visigoda de Pesicos, de la cual sólo se conservan dos monedas. Evaluamos, en primer lugar, las propuestas realizadas hasta la fecha y por qué consideramos que son incorrectas. Se discute también la propia naturaleza de la civitas Paesicorum, mostrando que probablemente no se correspondió a un centro urbano concreto. A continuación se explora la naturaleza de las emisiones monetarias visigodas, señalando su naturaleza eminentemente fiscal, y remarcando que las emisiones de Pésicos formaron parte de un conjunto muy numeroso de pequeñas cecas, característico del noroeste hispano en el siglo VII. Dada la vinculación de estos talleres con élites locales, finalmente, exploramos la importancia de Flavionavia como centro aristocrático, concluyendo la probable adscripción de la ceca de Pésicos a esta ciudad.

Aim : To describe and synthesize scientific literature on nurse managers’ competencies. Background : The key strategy for the success of health organisations currently re-sides in the capacity of the nurse manager to develop advanced competencies in management. However, there is a lack of systematic reviews that synthesize knowl-edge about nurse managers’ competencies. Evaluation : A scoping review was conducted using electronic databases including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Key issues : After the first analysis, 392 competencies were observed from 76 stud-ies. Finally, 53 competencies were grouped according to their characteristics. The two most- cited competencies were communication and finance. Conclusions : Knowing the competencies required by nurse managers can help or-ganisations create strategies to develop competent managers. In addition, from the results we can infer what might be the core competencies, since 22 main competen-cies from the total number were identified. Implications for Nursing Management : The competencies identified constitute the body of knowledge necessary for nurse managers. In addition, it is possible to gener-ate a pathway for learning and professional development for nurses before they work at the microlevel of management. The starting point for this pathway could be the 22 core competencies. SI

The study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of León (ETICA-ULE-003-2015)., Alcohol is a widely used legal drug. Self-efficacy takes on great importance in an adolescent’s development. Levels of self-efficacy can contribute to the decision-making process of the adolescent. In this phase, a group of friends becomes increasingly important. Alcohol is present in different social aspects. Adolescents use alcohol as a social facilitator or as part of the development of their autonomy. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the structure of the friendship network, self-efficacy, and alcohol consumption in adolescents. Methods: We used an online platform with validated self-reported questionnaires to collect the data. The sample consisted of 195 adolescents aged between 16 and 18, from different educational centers in Bierzo (Spain). Results: It was found that 43.6% of the adolescents in our research were high-risk consumers. Significant differences were obtained in terms of self-efficacy and different network metrics. These networks were represented by considering the levels of alcohol consumption. In the friendship network, we observed how the central adolescents presented higher levels of self-efficacy and lower alcohol consumption. Conclusions: Self-efficacy is established as a predictor of coping and not consuming alcohol and adolescence as a crucial moment to implement prevention strategies. Social Network Analysis is a useful tool that provides an image of the context in which adolescents find themselves., This research received no external funding.

[EN] BackgroundNurses capable of adequately developing their competencies in the management field are essential for the sustainability of health-care organizations. Such competencies should be included in a model of specific competencies.AimThe aim of this research is to propose a competency model for nurse executives.MethodsThe Delphi method was applied to reach a consensus on the required competencies, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to determine the construct validity and reduce the data set's dimensionality. Consensus was defined based on at least 80% of the experts agreeing with the proposed competencies. For each competency, the development levels were beginner, advanced beginner, competent, highly competent and expert.ResultsFrom among the 51 competencies that were identified to define a model for nurse executives, decision-making, leadership and communication stood out. The PCA indicated the structural validity of the proposed model by saturation of the principal components (Cronbach's α > 0.631).ConclusionNurses wishing to develop their professional careers as nurse executives must first develop the competencies shown in the proposed model. Nurse executives should follow the educational programmes specified in this study, to adapt their knowledge to this role's requirements. SI Publicación en abierto financiada por el Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias de Castilla y León (BUCLE), con cargo al Programa Operativo 2014ES16RFOP009 FEDER 2014-2020 DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN, Actuación:20007-CL - Apoyo Consorcio BUCLE

AIM: To analyze the attitude of university nursing students at Spanish universities toward organ donation and transplantation and the factors affecting to their attitude. BACKGROUND: The opinion of future nurses toward organ transplant donation could have an important influence on the population. Knowing that opinion and what factors influence it is important to improve the attitude towards organ donation and transplantation. DESIGN: A multicenter, sociological, interdisciplinary and observational study including university nursing diploma students in a complete academic year. METHODS: Selected and randomized sample was taken of students from 52 of the 111 faculties and nursing schools and faculties in Spain with teaching activity PARTICIPANTS: A sample of 10,566 students was selected stratified by geographical area and year. MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENT: The instrument used was a validated questionnaire of attitude toward organ donation and transplantation, self-administered and completed anonymously. RESULTS: Completion rate: 85 % (n = 9001). Of the students surveyed, 78 % (n = 7040) would donate their organs after dying. Variables related to a favourable attitude: (1) Interest in listening to a talk about organ donation and transplantation [Odds ratio 1.66, 95 % confidence interval 2.05-1.35]; (2) Family discussion [Odds ratio 2.30, 95 % confidence interval 2.79-1.90] or discussion with friends about organ donation and transplantation [Odds ratio 1.56, 95 % confidence interval 1.86-1.31]; (3) Knowing that one's father [Odds ratio 1.54, 95 % confidence interval 1.94-1.22], mother's [Odds ratio 1.44, 95 % confidence interval 1.82-1.13] or partner [Odds ratio 1.28, 95 % confidence interval 1.60-1.03] has a favourable opinion; (4) Having a good self-assessment of information about organ donation and transplantation [Odds ratio 2.94, 95 % confidence interval 4.90-1.78]; (5) Not being worried about possible mutilation of the body after donation [Odds ratio 2.73, 95 % confidence interval 3.36-1.72]. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing students in Spain tend to have a favourable attitude toward organ donation and transplantation although more than 20 % of those surveyed are not in favour. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: To maintain a high rate of organ donation for organ transplantation, it is necessary to improve the social awareness of future generations of nurses towards organ donation.

Presentamos en estas páginas cuatro inscripciones funerarias romanas procedentes del mercado de antigüedades europeo, subastadas entre 2018 y 2019 de origen desconocido, carentes de cualquier contexto arqueológico y sin relación entre sí. Todas ellas muestran cognomina de origen griego que hacen pensar en libertos. We present in these pages four Roman funeral inscriptions from the European antiques market, auctioned in 2018-2019, of unknown origin, devoid of any archaeological context and unrelated to each other. All of them show cognomina of Greek origin that make think of freedmen.

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European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)/Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Grant/Award Number: DOCM 19/02/2020; Grant for Stays in Other Universities and Research Centers co-financed by the European Regional Development 2014-2020, Grant/Award Number: 2014ES16RFOP010; Nurse Education Foundations (Sairaanhoitajien koulutussaatio) fund, We thank Mikko Saarikoski, Tony Warne, Unn-Britt Johansson, Evridiki Papastavrou, Erna Tichelaar, Marco Tomietto, Koen van den Bossche, and María Flores Vizcaya-Moreno for the permission of using the data. We thank the schools and students their enthusiastic participation in the study., Multiple factors that influence the learning experience of nursing students while they are in clinical training have been identified, such as the clinical learning environment, the supervision provided by supervisors, and the level of cooperation with the nurse teacher. The objective was to examine whether the relationship between the clinical placement duration and overall satisfaction with clinical training is mediated by the supervisory relationship and learning environment. A secondary analysis was conducted using the data from a cross-sectional study conducted in 17 higher educational institutions in nine European countries with the Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher scale (n = 1903 pre-registration nursing students). Satisfaction with the supervisor and a good learning environment mediated the relationship between clinical placement duration and overall satisfaction as perceived by the students. Nursing students with longer clinical placement durations were more satisfied with clinical training as a result of both their satisfaction with their supervisor and their perceptions of good learning environment. The optimal duration a nursing student should remain in the different practice settings is approximately 7 weeks., European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)/Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) DOCM 19/02/2020, European Commission 2014ES16RFOP010, Nurse Education Foundations (Sairaanhoitajien koulutussaatio) fund

Healthcare systems are immersed in transformative processes, influenced by economic changes, together with social and health instability. The middle nurse manager plays a fundamental role, since he or she is responsible for translating the strategic vision, values and objectives of the organization. The objective of this study was to propose the model of competencies to be developed by the middle nurse manager in the Spanish healthcare system. Our methodology consisted in the application of the Delphi method in order to reach an agreement on the necessary competencies, and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine the construct validity, reducing the dimensionality of the set of data. Fifty-one competencies were identified for the definition of the model, highlighting decision-making, leadership and communication. The PCA pointed out the structural validity of the proposed model through the saturation of the main components (α Cronbach &gt, 0.631). The results show the model of competencies which the middle nurse manager in the Spanish healthcare system must develop. Middle nurse managers may use these as criteria to plan their professional strategies in the context of management. This model of competencies can be applied to establishing selection processes or training programs for the role of middle nurse manager.

Introduction: Dental fear is an emotional reaction occurring in children with a special connotation. It may influence the behavior of child patients during consultation and affect the effectiveness of treatment. Addressing its characteristics and its various forms of manifestation is important to gain insight into this psychological phenomenon and devise future strategies. Objective: Characterize dental fear among Mexican schoolchildren. Methods: A cross-sectional observational descriptive study was conducted of 163 schoolchildren aged 6-12 years from a school in Monterrey, Mexico, from February to May 2017. The Dental Subscale of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule was applied to determine fear levels. The variables analyzed in the study were sex, age and fear levels. Analysis of statistical data was performed with the software SPSS version 19.0. Results: The scale components moderate fear (45.4 %) and fear of suffocation (52.1 %) stood out among the results obtained. Injections and being touched by a stranger were the items most commonly related to great fear, with 42.7 % and 47.9 %, respectively. The great fear category was present only at 8 and 11 years of age, with 15.3 % and 9.3 %, respectively, and in the female sex with 48.4 %.Conclusions: Dental fear is moderate among Mexican schoolchildren, with a prevalence of fear of suffocation during dental care. Early school ages and a predominance of the female sex were the features most commonly related to this psychological phenomenon.

The CuliacánNursing School of the Autonomous University of Sinaloa as a strategy to diversify the educational offer offered in the 2012-2013 school year the bachelor's degree in nursing mode blended learning under an educational approach of integrated professional skills. Learning styles are the strategies by which students learn a certain knowledge. They include cognitive, emotional, social, physiological and even personality factors. The design that was used is quantitative non-experimental descriptive correlationaland cross-sectional. The population was 100% of the students formally enrolled in the bachelor's degree in nursing mode blended learning. The results show that there is statistical evidence to verify the association between learning styles and academic performance (χ2=28.4, p=0.057), students with reflective learning style, presented higher percentages of academic performance, compared to Other styles. Students with a predominance of reflective learning style have a better academic performance in the bachelor's degree in nursing mode blended learning.

Land-use changes, especially urbanization, have largely impacted the capacity of ecosystems to deliver ecosystem services (ES) on which human wellbeing depends. The current sectorial landscape and territorial planning approaches that separately address protected areas and urban areas have proven ineffective in conserving biodiversity. To address this important challenge, integrated territorial planning has been claimed to be able to better reconcile interests between nature conservation and urban planning, and ES supply and demand mapping may be a useful tool for such purposes. In this study, we quantitatively mapped biodiversity and the supply and demand of eight ES along an urban-rural gradient in the region of Madrid (Spain). Then, we clustered the municipalities in this gradient into four groups based on their common biodiversity and ES supply and demand characteristics. Additionally, we reviewed the urban plans from these municipalities and the management plans of three protected areas, analysed the references to ES in the plans, and searched for potential conflicts between urban and protected area planning aims. We found that municipalities with highly coupled ES supply and demand are in high altitude areas, coinciding with protected areas, while in urban areas, the ES demand exceeds the supply. Municipalities exhibiting a high demand for regulating ES usually include them in their plans, while municipalities with a high supply of regulating ES do not. Given the several conflicts between protected areas and urban planning that we detected, we discuss the utility of mapping biodiversity and ES supply and demand beyond administrative boundaries to overcome the challenge of integrating spatial planning approaches, especially in the context of urban-rural gradients and megacities. We also explore the utility of these methods for coordinating urban planning tools to achieve integrated territorial planning.

El propósito principal de este proyecto es mejorar el conocimiento de los beneficios ambientales que los espacios verdes del campus de Cantoblanco de la UAM proporcionan al bienestar de la comunidad universitaria. Para ello, el proyecto ha establecido los siguientes objetivos específicos: Identificar, cartografiar y evaluar cuatro servicios de regulación: i) la escorrentía y recarga de acuíferos; ii) el secuestro y almacenamiento de carbono, iii) la regulación de la temperatura local; y iv) la purificación del aire y eliminación de contaminantes. Realizar una estimación de la huella de carbono y de la huella hídrica de la UAM. Identificar, cartografiar y evaluar de forma participativa e interactiva tres servicios culturales: i) el disfrute estético de los paisajes; ii) las actividades recreativas y de ocio; y iii) la educación ambiental. Difundir los principales resultados del proyecto a toda la Comunidad Universitaria.

The identification of research priorities in line with current health needs and nursing competencies is a priority. Nevertheless, barriers and facilitators perceived by nurses to performing nursing research have scarcely been investigated. The main aim of this study was to explore the situation in nursing research in Spain, as perceived by Spanish experts. A Delphi study technique in two phases was applied using an online survey tool. A panel of 20 nursing experts in nursing, teaching and management positions participated. The strengths highlighted were the possibility of reaching the PhD level, the possibility of receiving continuous training in research methodology, and access to scientific knowledge through the Internet. The weaknesses identified were the lack of Spanish nursing journals in which to publish the research results, the lack of funding in nursing care research, and the lack of connection between the healthcare institutions and the university. According to the experts, elements that could enhance leadership in research are the creation of nursing research units in hospitals, the economic recognition of nurses with PhDs, and considering research work as part of their daily tasks in clinical settings. The idea of being subordinated to physicians still remains in nurses&rsquo, ways of thinking.

Zorrilla-Miras, P., Suarez, M., Gonzalez-Garcia, A., Sancho Gomez, C., Bea, M. 2020. Water supply from Sierra del Rincon Biosphere Reserve to the Community of Madrid (Spain): An ecosystem services approach. Ecosistemas 29(1):1938. https://doi.org/10.7818/ECOS.1938 Water supply from Sierra del Rincon Biosphere Reserve to the Community of Madrid: An ecosystem services approach. Frequently, the people who benefit from the services (or contributions) that ecosystems provide to society are not those who reside in the territory that provides such services. Population of these rural areas that provide ecosystem services to large cities are sometimes limited in their economic development options, which contributes to rural depopulation. An example of this situation is given in the Sierra del Rincon Biosphere Reserve, located at the northern end of the Community of Madrid. The objective of this study is to evaluate biophysically and economically (in monetary terms) the water supply service of the Sierra del Rincon Biosphere Reserve. We have used the InVEST model and a market-based method (from the domestic water use rate). The results indicate that, although the area of the RBSR is only a 2% of the Community of Madrid, it provides 5% of the water consumed, with an approximate contribution of 93 hm3 per year, which would have an economic value of 28 million euros. The methodology followed has limitations that are presented with the aim to perform future studies with greater precision.

Nurses who are capable of developing their competencies appropriately in the field of management are considered fundamental to the sustainability and improvement of health outcomes. These core competencies are the critical competencies to be developed in specific areas. There are different core competencies for nurse managers, but none in the Spanish health system. The objective of this research is to identify the core competencies needed for nurse managers in the Spanish health system. The research was carried out using the Delphi method to reach a consensus on the core competencies and a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine construct validity, reducing the dimensionality of a dataset by finding the causes of variability in the set and organizing them by importance. A panel of 50 experts in management and healthcare engaged in a four-round Delphi study with Likert scored surveys. We identified eight core competencies from an initial list of 51: decision making, relationship management, communication skills, listening, Leadership, conflict management, ethical principles, collaboration and team management skills. PCA indicated the structural validity of the core competencies by saturation into three components (&alpha, Cronbach &gt, 0.613): communication, leadership and decision making. The research shows that eight competencies must be developed by the nursing managers in the Spanish health system. Nurse managers can use these core competencies as criteria to develop and plan their professional career. These core competencies can serve as a guideline for the design of nurse managers&rsquo, development programs in Spain.

Background:No previous systematic review has examined the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) interventions on body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in healthy schoolchildren from 5 to 12 years old.Methods:This study will be conducted by following the guideline of the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols. An electronic search in MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE (via Scopus), SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases of all dates from inception will be conducted. We will include randomized controlled trials aimed to assess the effectiveness of HIIT to improve cardiometabolic risk factors, body composition, and CRF in children. Two authors will perform the study selection and data collection; disagreements will be solved by a third reviewer. The methodological quality of studies will be assessed by the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias (RoB2). Data analysis and synthesis will be performed by Comprehensive Meta-analysis Software and StataSE software, version 15.Conclusion:The results should be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Since the data used in systematic reviews of this type will be extracted exclusively from published studies, approval form and ethics committee will not be required. © 2020 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

The aim of this study was to estimate the relationship between the adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in university students and to assess whether this relationship is mediated or moderated by cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and handgrip strength. A cross-sectional study was performed involving 310 first-year Spanish university students. Adherence to the MD was evaluated with the 14-item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), and the HRQoL was evaluated with the Short Form-12 (SF-12) questionnaire. CRF was assessed by the 20 m shuttle run test, and the handgrip strength was determined by dynamometry. ANCOVA models showed that participants with higher CRF and handgrip strength levels had significantly higher scores in the physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) of the SF-12 and in the MEDAS questionnaire than those with medium and low scores (p < 0.050). Additionally, the ANCOVA models showed that students with good adherence to theMDshowed higher scores in the MCS of HRQoL than those with low adherence (p = 0.044, ES = 0.013), but these results did not appear for the PCS of HRQoL (p = 0.728, ES = 0.001). In the mediation analysis, it was found that CRF and handgrip strength acted as full mediators of the relationship between adherence to the MD and the MCS of HRQoL. In the moderation analysis, it was evidenced that CRF and handgrip strength did not act as moderators in the relationship between adherence to the MD and the MCS of HRQoL. In conclusion, adherence to the MD does not seem to have a direct e ect on the MCS of HRQoL because this association seems to be fully mediated by CRF and handgrip strength., European Union (EU) DOCM 26/02/20, University of Castilla-La Mancha 2018-CPUCLM-7813

A primary care physician (PCP) not only accompanies the patient in the process of an illness, but throughout his or her life. The confidence we have in these health professionals is fundamental, and their favorable attitude toward organ donation and transplantation (ODT) has a significant influence on the population. Objective To analyze trust in PCPs among Spanish medical and nursing students, the relationship with their attitude toward ODT, and the factors that condition it. Methods and Design A sociologic, multicenter, and observational study. Population: medical and nursing students in Spanish universities. Database: Collaborative International Donor Project, stratified by geographic area and academic course. A validated questionnaire (PCID-DTO-RIOS) was self-administered and completed anonymously. A sample of 9598 medical and 10,566 nursing students (99% confidence and precision of ±1%), stratified by geographic area and year of study. Results Completion rate: 90%. With respect to students’ trust in their physician, 18% (n = 3267) of them totally trust (completely), 45% (n = 8101) trust enough, 30% (n = 5478) of them have not enough trust, and 7% not at all. Comparing groups, medical students totally trust more in PCPs than nursing students (55% vs 45%; P < .000), however, nursing students have less than enough trust in their PCP than medical students (53% vs 47%; P < .000). Students that totally trust in their PCP were more in favor toward ODT than students with not enough trust (83% vs 77%; P < .000). Conclusion Only 18% of Spanish medical and nursing students totally trust in their PCP. Attitude toward ODT is related to a higher level of trust in PCPs among these students. Sin financiación 1.066 JCR (2020) Q4, 160/162 Immunology 0.373 SJR (2020) Q3, 260/456 Surgery No data IDR 2020 UEM

Information provided by health care professionals is crucial to create a climate of social opinion. This is important in organ donation and transplantation (ODT), where the participation of the general public is essential to obtain organs. Objective To determine the attitude toward the Law of Presumed Consent (LPC) among Spanish university students and to analyze their relation with attitude toward ODT. Methods and design. The type of study was a sociologic, multicenter, observational study. The population included medical and nursing students in Spanish universities. Database of Collaborative International Donor Project was used stratified by geographic area and academic course. A validated questionnaire (Collaborative International Donor Project, organ donation and transplantation questionnaire in Spanish [PCID-DTO-RIOS]) was self-administered and completed anonymously. A sample of 9598 medical and 10,566 nursing students was analyzed (99% confidence and precision of ±1%) and stratified by geographic area and year of study. Results Completion rate was 90%. Regarding attitude toward LPC, 66% of the students were against the law, whereas 34% accepted it. Of the students surveyed, 9% considered the law as a gesture of solidarity, 25% as an effective way of not wasting organs, 48% as an abuse of power, and 18% as offenses against the family. Those students who were in favor of LPC also had a more favorable attitude toward ODT (86% vs 76%; P < .001). Comparing groups, nursing students were less in favor of LPC than medical students (32% vs 36%; P < .000). Conclusion Sixty-six percent of Spanish university medical and nursing students were against the LPC. The favorable attitude toward ODT is associated with considering the law as a gesture of solidarity or as an effective way of not wasting organs. Sin financiación 1.066 JCR (2020) Q4, 160/162 Immunology 0.373 SJR (2020) Q3, 260/456 No data IDR 2020 UEM

The knowledge acquired during university education about organ donation and transplantation (ODT) decisively influences the information future health professionals transmit. This is important in ODT where the participation of the general public is essential to obtain organs. Objective To determine notions of Spanish medicine and nursing students on ODT and its relationship with attitude toward ODT. Methods and Design and design. We conducted a sociologic, multicenter, and observational study. The population for our study consisted of medical and nursing students in Spanish universities. Our database was the Collaborative International Donor Project, stratified by geographic area and academic course. A validated questionnaire (PCID-DTO-RIOS) was self-administered and completed anonymously. Our sample consisted of 9598 medical and 10,566 nursing students (99% confidence interval; precision of ±1%), stratified by geographic area and year of study. Results The completion rate for our study was 90%. Only 20% (n=3640) of students thought their notions on ODT were good; 41% (n=7531) thought their notions were normal; 36% (n=6550) thought their notions were scarce. Comparing groups, there were differences between those who believed that their notions on ODT were good (44% nursing vs 56% medical students; P < .000), and those who believed it scarce (54% nursing vs 46% medical students; P < .000). Notions on ODT were related with attitude toward the donation of one's own organs: those who considered their notions were good were more in favor then those who considered it scarce (88% vs 72%; P < .000). Conclusion Only 20% of Spanish medical and nursing students thought their notions on ODT were good. Having good knowledge is related to a favorable attitude towards ODT. Receiving specific information on the subject could improve their knowledge about ODT during their training. Sin financiación 1.066 JCR (2020) Q4, 160/162 Inmunology 0.373 SJR (2020) Q3, 260/456 Surgery No data IDR 2020 UEM

Este trabajo pretende demostrar lo plausible de la ruta seguida por Jesús tal como se la describe en Marcos 7, 31, señalando que, históricamente, nada hay de imposible, o siquiera de extraño, en descender de las tierras altas del Líbano hacia la costa de Sidón, y desde allí marchar en dirección sur por la Via Maris, atravesando la llanura de Esdrelón hasta alcanzar Escitópolis, virando entonces hacia el norte, de vuelta al Gennesaret, siguiendo el curso del Jordán, evitando así el retraso resultante de atravesar las colinas de Galilea, contra lo afirmado por algunos autores. This paper aims to demonstrate the feasibility of the route taken by Jesus as described by Mark 7:31, showing that there is nothing historically impossible, or even strange, in departing from the highlands of Lebanon to the coast of Sidon, going from here to the south by the Via Maris, reaching Scythopolis, and then turning north back to Gennesaret, along the course of the River Jordan, avoiding delays in crossing the hills of Galilea, against the of some author.

High blood pressure levels are among the most important cardiovascular disease risk factors and are influenced by physical fitness and body composition. However, the degree to which obesity may attenuate or modify the beneficial effects of physical fitness on blood pressure levels in young adults is uncertain. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze whether body composition is a mediator between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and blood pressure levels in young adults. This work was a cross-sectional study involving first-year college students (n=386) at the University Campus of Cuenca (Spain). We measured weight, height, waist circumference, fat mass percentage (by densitometry), systolic and diastolic blood pressure and CRF levels (by a 20 m shuttle run test). Partial correlation coefficients were estimated to examine the relationships among adiposity variables, CRF and blood pressure variables, controlling for age and sex. ANCOVA models were conducted to explore differences in blood pressure levels across adiposity and CRF categories. Hayes’s PROCESS macro was used for the simple mediation analysis. The indirect effect and Sobel test were significant (P

The method to understand and carry out the evaluation process is related to teacher training and the guidelines followed in their professional practice. There are different theoretical positions around the concept of the evaluative process, ranging from classical measurement approaches to modern pedagogical perspectives based on constructivism. In Nursing careers, as in most contemporary schools and colleges, the constructivist position has been chosen as a model. However, teachers continue to apply the traditionalist approaches they have practiced throughout their professional careers. The present research, forms part of the qualitative model, of descriptive and interpretative nature, that proposed to analyze the main characteristics: concepts, approaches, forms of planning, instruments and methodologies adopted by nursing teachers during the evaluation process in order to establish the degree of coherence between the pedagogical approach of the University and the evaluation guidelines of the program. The analysis was carried out through open, axial and selective theoretical coding, which resulted in a referential category system. The information was triangulated in two planes. The first one, between the subjects themselves, seeking to understand the trends of the evaluative model of the proposed categories, and the second one, in contrast with the theoretical framework and contextual references. The results of the research revealed a trend towards behavioral and traditional evaluation respectively; the students hold the teacher responsible for this model choice as the teacher plays the main role in the evaluation process.

Este artículo se encuentra disponible en la siguiente URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0041134519311832?via%3Dihub En este artículo de investigación también participan: Carmen Bárcena-Calvo, Catalina Perelló-Campaner, Juan Manuel Arribas-Marin, Silvia García-Mayor, Maria Nelia Soto-Ruíz, Juan Carlos Navalón, Carme Bertran-Noguer, Maria Pilar Peña-Amaro, Maria Francisca Jiménez-Herrera, Rafaela Blanco-Sánchez, Maria Dolores Calvo-Sánchez, María Carmen Prado-Laguna, Alberto González-García, Adelina Martínez-Rodríguez, Pilar Bas-Sarmiento, Francisco Faus-Gabandé, Alicia Muiños-Alvarez, Loreto Peyró-Gregori, Hernández-Martínez Helena, Aida Saez, Álvaro Sánchez, Ana López-Navas, Pablo Ramírez y Pascual Parrilla. This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: Martínez-Alarcón, L., Ríos, A., Santainés-Borredá, E., Agras-Suarez, M. C., Cañadas-De la Fuente, G. A., Hurtado-Pardos, B. et al. (2019). Nursing students' knowledge about organ donation and transplantation: a Spanish multicenter study. Transplantation Proceedings, vol. 51, i. 9 (nov.), pp. 3008?3011, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.08.019. Este es el pre-print del siguiente artículo: Martínez-Alarcón, L., Ríos, A., Santainés-Borredá, E., Agras-Suarez, M. C., Cañadas-De la Fuente, G. A., Hurtado-Pardos, B. et al. (2019). Nursing students' knowledge about organ donation and transplantation: a Spanish multicenter study. Transplantation Proceedings, vol. 51, i. 9 (nov.), pp. 3008?3011, que se ha publicado de forma definitiva en https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.08.019 Healthcare professionals and the information that they provide to the public on organ donation and transplantation (ODT) influence attitudes toward this option. Objective: to analyze the knowledge of university nursing students at Spanish universities toward ODT and the factors affecting it. METHODS AND DESIGN: A multicenter, sociological and observational study including university nursing diploma students in a complete academic year. PARTICIPANTS: A sample of 10,566 students was selected stratified by geographical area and year. Instrument: a validated questionnaire of knowledge toward ODT (PCDI-DTO RIOS), self-administered and completed anonymously. RESULTS: Questionnaire completion rate: 85% (n=9001). Only 18% (n=1580) believed that their knowledge about ODT was good, 40% (n=3578) believed that the information they had was normal and 39% that their knowledge was sparse. Of the students, 96% believed that organ needs are not covered and 79% that one might need a transplant in the future. Only 39% (n=3493) had attended a talk about ODT. Furthermore, 83% (n=7435) believed that attending a talk, would it be interesting. The following variables were associated with having a more adequate knowledge: gender (62% men vs. 57% women; P

espanolSe analizan las campanas de vacunacion antidifterica llevadas a cabo en Espana durante la posguerra a traves de las noticias publicadas en el diario La Vanguardia para conocer los ejes ideologico y operativo de la politica sanitaria divulgados en la prensa general. Mas concretamente, se analiza como se represento, por un lado, la implicacion de la Seccion Femenina de Falange en las actividades vacunales del periodo historico objeto de estudio y, por otro, como el discurso medico evoluciona a lo largo del tiempo. Se han utilizado aquellos articulos publicados en el diario La Vanguardia relacionados con la Seccion Femenina y con la practica vacunal. La politica sanitaria de posguerra se caracterizo en un primer periodo por la lucha contra la mortalidad infantil y el aumento de la natalidad. A partir de 1945 el seguimiento y la adopcion de medidas consensuadas internacionalmente fueron incorporados a las publicaciones en un intento por mostrar el esfuerzo del regimen por tomar parte en las iniciativas internacionales de la epoca. La actividad sanitaria de la Seccion Femenina se convirtio en lugar de confluencia de varios niveles de subordinacion: como organizacion de mujeres, estaba sujeta a los dictamenes del discurso politico, asi como a los dictamenes del discurso cientifico. Como responsable de labores sanitarias conformaba el ejemplo ideal de profesion sanitaria femenina, con tareas de cuidado materno-infantil basadas en su caracter intuitivo y filantropico, no consideradas como trabajo productivo. EnglishDiphtheria vaccination campaigns carried out in Spain during the postwar period were analyzed in order to discover the ideological and operational axes of health policy disseminated in general press reports. More specifically, how the involvement of the Women’s Section of the Falange in vaccination activities was represented as well as how the medical discourse evolved over time. Those articles published in the La Vanguardia newspaper related to the Women’s Section role and vaccination have been used here. Postwar health policy was characterized in its first period by the fight against infant mortality and for an increased birth rate. From 1945, monitoring and internationally agreed measures were incorporated into publications in an attempt to show the efforts of the regime to take part in international initiatives in that period. The health activities of the Women’s Section became a place of confluence of several levels of subordination: as a women’s organization it was subject to the dictates of political discourse as well as the opinions of scientific discourse. As they were involved in health care work, their activities conformed with the ideal example of the female health professional, with maternal care tasks based on their intuitive and philanthropic character and not considered to be productive work

Head space sorptive extraction (HSSE) has been evaluated for the analysis of volatile compounds from oak wood in wines. The extraction conditions have been optimized using a two-level factorial design. After optimization, the final extraction conditions were: PDMS stir bars (20 mm length × 0.5 mm film thickness), sample volume of 5 mL, extraction time 120 min, stirring speed 2000 rpm, and NaCl until saturation. The HSSE optimized method was further validated and showed high linearity (r 2 > 0.9960), adequate detection and quantification limits and linear ranges for the analysis of these compounds in aged wines. Moreover, it provided good values of analytical parameters such as precision and recovery (3.49–11.22 % for intra-assay precision, 4.35–8.77 % for inter-assay precision, and 70.6–124 % for recovery). The method was finally applied to different types of fortified wines (Mistelle, Fino and Oloroso wine) from Condado de Huelva Denomination of Origin submitted to different periods of aging in oak wood.

Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) assessing the influence of physical exercise interventions during pregnancy on some neonatal outcomes. Data Source: Key words were used to conduct a computerized search in six databases: Cochrane Library Plus, Science Direct, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov . Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: RCTs that included an exercise program for healthy pregnant women who were sedentary or had low levels of physical activity were selected. Data Extraction: Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the quality of the studies included. Of 4296 articles retrieved, 14 RCTs (3044 pregnant women) met the inclusion criteria. Data Synthesis: Pooled effect sizes (ESs) were calculated using a fixed model. Results: Overall, physical exercise programs during pregnancy produced a small reduction in neonatal birth weight (ES = −.10; p = .04). The Apgar score at 1 minute was also weakly increased with combined exercise (aerobic, strength, and flexibility) (ES = .09; p = .048) and no differences between groups were observed in gestational age at delivery and Apgar score at 5 minutes. Conclusion: Structured physical exercise programs during pregnancy appear to be safe for the neonate, mainly favoring a lower birth weight within normal range. However, more studies are needed to establish recommendations.

Global trends in land-use changes, including urbanization and abandonment of rural areas, have important repercussions for the supply and demand of ecosystem services (ES). In this study, we assessed and mapped the supply and demand of three ES (water provision, climate regulation, and outdoor recreation) along an urban-rural gradient in the Madrid region (Spain) from 1990 to 2012. We mapped ES supply, based on land use/land cover (LULC) data, using InVEST models and complementary methods, and ES demand, using population density and demand indicators. Then, we explored spatial supply-demand mismatches at a municipality spatial scale. Despite an increase in ES supply in some areas, a general increase in ES demand led to increasing dependence by the Madrid metropolitan area on outlying areas. We found that the number of municipalities that exhibited mismatches between the supply and demand in ES increased throughout the study period, due mainly to urban sprawl. Our results suggest the need for comprehensive land-use planning at the regional scale, taking into account that many ES flows reach beyond municipality boundaries. Finally, we discuss the utility of analyzing spatial mismatches in the supply and demand of ES for land-use planning and decision-making.

To evaluate whether there is a difference in aesthetic outcomes positioning immediate post-extractive implants in the natural position (where the tooth should have been in relation to adjacent teeth/implants) or about 3 mm more palatally.Just after tooth extraction, 30 patients requiring one single immediate maxillary post-extractive implant, from second to second premolar, were randomly allocated to receive either an implant positioned in the natural "central" position where the tooth should have been (central group; 15 patients) or about 3 mm more palatally (palatal group; 15 patients) according to a parallel group design at three different centres. When needed, sites were reconstructed and bone-to-implant gaps were filled with granules of anorganic bovine bone, covered by resorbable collagen barriers. Implants were left submerged for 4 months and rehabilitated with provisional crowns, replaced after 4 months by metal-ceramic definitive crowns. Patients were followed to 1 year after loading. Outcome measures were: crown and implant failures, complications, aesthetics assessed using the pink esthetic score (PES), peri-implant marginal bone level changes and patient satisfaction, recorded by blinded assessors.Two patients from the palatal group dropped-out up to 1 year after loading. One implant failed in each group (6.7%), the difference being not statistically significant (difference in proportion = -0.01; 95% CI -0.20 to 0.18; P (Fisher's exact test) = 1.000). One patient from the central group was affected by one complication, vs two palatal group patients (two complications); the difference being not statistically significant (difference in proportion = -0.09; 95% CI -0.32 to 0.15; P (Fisher's exact test) = 0.583). One year after loading, the mean PES was 9.93 ± 2.67 for the central and 8.75 ± 4.37 for the palatal group; the difference being not statistically significant (mean difference = 1.18; 95% CI: -1.87 to 4.23; P (t test) = 0.427). One year after loading, patients in the central group lost on average 0.23 ± 0.17 mm of peri-implant marginal bone and those of the palatal group 0.24 ± 0.25 mm, the difference being not statistically significant (mean difference = -0.01; 95% CI: -0.23 to 0.21; P (t test) = 0.926). Patients in both groups were equally satisfied at 1 year after loading for both function and aesthetics (P (Mann-Whitney U test) = 0.494 and P (Mann-Whitney U test) = 0.076, respectively).These preliminary results suggest that positioning of immediate post-extractive implants 3 mm more palatally is not improving aesthetics, however, the sample size of the present study was limited, thus larger trials are needed to confirm of reject the present findings.

En este trabajo presentamos un estudio histórico-numismático de una serie de monedas halladas de forma aislada en distintas localizaciones de la provincia de Jaén (Andalucía, España). Son cuatro dinares epigráficos latinos del tipo Indicción-Estrella, uno de ellos el de mayor peso hasta ahora conocido de esta tipología.

This paper presents a historical-numismatic study of a series of coins found isolated in several locations of the province of Jaén (Andalusia, Spain). They are four latin epigraphic dinars of the type Indiction-Star, one of which is the heaviest known coin of this typology. En este trabajo presentamos un estudio histórico-numismático de una serie de monedas halladas de forma aislada en distintas localizaciones de la provincia de Jaén (Andalucía, España). Son cuatro dinares epigráficos latinos del tipo Indicción-Estrella, uno de ellos el de mayor peso hasta ahora conocido de esta tipología.

Tattooing and body piercing are a reflection of the human need to decorate their body. Young people create significant senses that create other identities. The target of this research is to reveal the meaning of the tattooed skin to understand this social phenomenon. We understand these practices as a network of meanings, expressed in attitudes and feelings, which is crossed by the gender, the experience of pleasure VS pain and resistance to the dominant aesthetic. We have selected a sample of six men and six women of all clients served in 2009 on a tattoo and piercing Clinic to conduct in-depth interviews. There is a difference between feminine and masculine, both in design and corporal areas such as the decision leading to tattooing or piercing, and attributed meaning. Women choose these body practices with an aim of playing and seduction, they feel under the gaze of society, like men, but men do not feel as strongly beauty standards than women. Customers feel discrimination in the family and work, and they explain that tattoos and piercings are not valued as an artistic element in society.

Este trabajo pretende revisar las más recientes investigaciones académicas sobre la sátira latina del siglo XI llamada Garcineida, a fin de determinar su origen, autoría y credibilidad. El análisis de esta obra, así como de otras fuentes primarias y secundarias, nos lleva a dos interesantes conclusiones. Primero, a rechazar la teoría de un origen alemán y apreciar lo plausible de un origen hispánico cluniacense. En segundo lugar, planteamos la existencia de hechos que contrarían la imagen de Urbano II como un reformador inmaculado y permiten constatar que, a pesar de su virulencia, la susodicha sátira se basaba en una realidad.

Some years ago, Warwick Ball suggested that Temple of Elagabal in Emesa, never found, it is to be identified with the temple complex at Baalbek. More recently, Gary Young intended to show the weakness of the evidence which he provided for this assertion, as well as the falseness on some assumptions. We try to refute Young and demonstrate that the textual, archaeological and epigraphic evidence actually supports Ball's theses, adding some new proofs. Hace algunos años, Warwick Ball propuso que el Templo de Elagabal de Emesa, jamás encontrado, debe identificarse con el complejo de templos de Baalbek. Más recientemente, Gary Young ha pretendido mostrar la endeblez de las evidencias con que apoyó tal aserto, así como la falsedad de algunas de sus suposiciones. Tratamos de refutar a Young y demostrar que las evidencias textuales, arqueológicas y epigráficas en realidad apoyan la tesis de Ball, añadiendo algunas nuevas pruebas.

Las matronas constituyen un ejemplo de mujeres en las profesiones sanitarias que lucharon por su visibilidad en un universo biomédico androcéntrico que tendió a ignorarlas u ocultarlas. Por ello, el objetivo general de este artículo es analizar el proceso de incorporación de las matronas a las instituciones de Beneficencia Municipal de Cuenca (España) para poner de manifiesto cómo estuvieron relegadas a un segundo plano. La metodología incluye el análisis del proceso desde el punto de vista de las relaciones de género. Se ha consultado el Archivo Municipal de Cuenca, el Archivo Histórico Provincial y se han analizado los principales periódicos locales de la época. Los datos epidemiológicos provienen del Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Mientras que los médicos y los practicantes contaron con un ámbito profesional específico dentro del ayuntamiento, las matronas no lo consiguieron hasta 1915. Las matronas en Cuenca ejercieron sus funciones en una plaza específica y no en la Casa de Socorro, que era de dominio exclusivo de médicos y practicantes. También se dedicaron al ejercicio libre de la profesión. Es muy probable que la asistencia a los partos se llevara también a cabo por madres y vecinas sin titulación. Midwives are an example of women in health professions who strove for their visibility in a biomedical androcentric universe that has tended to ignore or hide them. The objective of this article is to analyze the incorporation process of midwives in the Municipal Charity institution of Cuenca (Spain) to demonstrate how they were relegated to the background. The methodology includes the analysis of the process by using the gender perspective. The Municipal Archive of Cuenca and the Provincial Archive have been consulted; the main local newspapers of that time were analyzed; and epidemiological data were abstracted from the National Statistics Institute. While physicians and practitioners counted with a specific professional area within the municipality, midwives did not succeed that until 1915. Midwives in Cuenca exercised their functions in a specific place and not in the Casa de Socorro (assistance house), which was of exclusive domain of physicians and practitioners. They also dedicated to private assistance. It is very likely that attendance at childbirth was also carried out by mothers and women neighbors without qualification.

El artículo documenta el hallazgo de un triente suevo con leyenda LATINA EMERI MVNITA en el norte de la provincia de Cáceres (España). Su localización refuerza el tradicional origen atribuido a esta tipología, en la ceca de Emerita y no en territorio gallego.. Se discute la naturaleza y cronología de estas piezas.

The current work reports the effect of particle size on the rheological behavior of polymer modified asphalt PMA. The modified asphalt was generated with AC-20 asphalt precursor provided by Pemex Salamanca and Solprene® 416 provided by Dynasol Mexico. Solprene® 416 is a SBS star-type copolymer with 4 poly(b-styrene-b-butadiene) arms and Mw = 2.36X105 g/gmole. Modified asphalt samples were prepared with 3 wt % of SBS via hot mix process. Mixing time and temperature were kept constant at 4h and 180 °C. This study also varied the agitation in the mixing process: 500, 1000 and 1500 rpm. All PMAs shown sphere-shaped polymer particles as observed via fluorescent microscopy using a Carl Zeiss KS-300 system. Base asphalt and PMAs were also characterized through rheological measurements using a TA Instruments AR-G2 rheometer. Shear viscosity (η) and tan δ data shown that the flow resistance of the PMA increases as the size its polymer particles decreases. Since the size of the polymer particles decreases with the increase of the stirring speed, it is concluded that the stirring speed of the process determines the size of the polymer particles and so the mechanical resistance of the PMA.

Introducción y objetivos: los objetivos del presente estudio fueron: a) estimar la prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad y delgadez en escolares nacidos en 2007 y 2008 de Castilla-La Mancha, España, en los años 2013 y 2015; y b) analizar la persistencia en las mismas categorías de estatus ponderal entre 2013 y 2015 en esta cohorte de escolares.Material y métodos: estudio de seguimiento en el que se analizaron los datos antropométricos de los escolares nacidos en 2007 y 2008 en los años 2013 (4-6 años) y 2015 (6-8 años). Se invitó a participar a todos los escolares de 21 colegios de las provincias de Cuenca y Ciudad Real que cursaban tercero de Educación Infantil o primero de Educación Primaria en 2013. En todos ellos se determinaron, además de variables sociodemográficas, peso, talla y porcentaje de grasa corporal por bioimpedancia eléctrica.Resultados: la prevalencia de delgadez, sobrepeso y obesidad en la medición basal fue de 20,7%, 12% y 8,2% respectivamente. Dos años después, la prevalencia de delgadez disminuyó hasta 14,7% y la de sobrepeso y obesidad aumentó hasta 15,4% y 8,4% respectivamente. Por otro lado, el 78,8% de los escolares permanecía en 2015 en la misma categoría ponderal que en 2013.Conclusiones: el aumento en la prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad de los escolares parece estar remitiendo, al mismo tiempo que el incremento en la prevalencia de bajo peso ha aumentado sustancialmente. Por último, los escolares tienden a mantener el estatus ponderal previo al rebote adiposo durante la edad escolar.