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1. Prospective evaluation of bone markers, parathormone and 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D in HIV-positive patients after the initiation of tenofovir/emtricitabine with atazanavir/ritonavir or efavirenz

Author

Focà Emanuele, Motta Davide, Borderi Marco, Gotti Daria, Albini Laura, Calabresi Alessandra, Izzo Ilaria, Bellagamba Rita, Narciso Pasquale, Sighinolfi Laura, Clò Alberto, Gibellini Davide, Quiros-Roldan Eugenia, Brianese Nigritella, Cesana Bruno, Re Maria, and Torti Carlo

Subjects
HIV, Antiretroviral therapy, Bone turnover, Osteoporosis, Vitamin D, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Increased risk of fractures and osteoporosis have been associated with the use of antiretroviral drugs. There is a paucity of prospective evaluations of bone markers after the initiation of drugs currently recommended to treat HIV infection and results on the evolution of these markers are conflicting. Lastly, the effect of tenofovir on 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D is uncertain. Methods We performed a prospective study on the evolution of bone markers, parathormone and 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D before and after standard antiretroviral regimens. This was a sub-study of a trial conducted in antiretroviral-naïve patients randomized to tenofovir + emtricitabine in combination with either atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r) or efavirenz (EFV). Follow-up lasted 48 weeks. The following bone markers were analyzed: C-terminal cross-laps (CTx), osteocalcin (OC), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL). Mixed-factorial analysis of variance with random-coefficient general linear model was used to compare their trends over time and linear multivariable regression was performed with a backward selection method to assess predictors of their variations from baseline to week 48. Trends of parathormone and 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D were also evaluated. Results Seventy-five patients were studied: 33 received EFV and 42 ATV/r. Significant increases were found for all markers except for RANKL. There was a significant direct association between CTx and OC increases. Multivariable analysis showed that higher glomerular filtration rate (estimated through cystatin C clearance) predicted greater OPG increase, while older age, higher HIV RNA at baseline and use of ATV/r predicted greater CTx increase. A significant increase of parathormone accompanied the evolution of the study markers. 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D remained stable, though a seasonality variation was demonstrated. Conclusions These data demonstrate CTx increase (bone resorption marker) corresponding to OC increase (bone formation marker) early upon HAART initiation. Moreover, predictors of bone marker increases have been suggested, possibly indicating that a stricter monitoring of bone health and pro-active interventions are needed in older patients, those with higher HIV RNA, prescribed ATV/r rather than EFV, and with decreased renal function at baseline. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms responsible for up-regulation of bone turnover markers, as well as to understand if and what markers are best correlated or predictive of pathological fractures.

Published
2012
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2. Contribution of Genetic Background, Traditional Risk Factors, and HIV-Related Factors to Coronary Artery Disease Events in HIV-Positive Persons

Author

MAGNIFICENT Consortium, INSIGHT, Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Rotger, Margalida, Glass, Tracy R., Junier, Thomas, Lundgren, Jens, Neaton, James D., Poloni, Estella S., van 't Wout, Angélique B., Lubomirov, Rubin, Colombo, Sara, Martinez, Raquel, Rauch, Andri, Günthard, Huldrych F., Neuhaus, Jacqueline, Wentworth, Deborah, van Manen, Danielle, Gras, Luuk A., Schuitemaker, Hanneke, Albini, Laura, Torti, Carlo, Jacobson, Lisa P., Li, Xiuhong, Kingsley, Lawrence A., Carli, Federica, Guaraldi, Giovanni, Ford, Emily S., Sereti, Irini, Hadigan, Colleen, Martinez, Esteban, Arnedo, Mireia, Egaña-Gorroño, Lander, Gatell, Jose M., Law, Matthew, Bendall, Courtney, Petoumenos, Kathy, Rockstroh, Jürgen, Wasmuth, Jan-Christian, Kabamba, Kabeya, Delforge, Marc, De Wit, Stephane, Berger, Florian, Mauss, Stefan, de Paz Sierra, Mariana, Losso, Marcelo, Belloso, Waldo H., Leyes, Maria, Campins, Antoni, Mondi, Annalisa, De Luca, Andrea, Bernardino, Ignacio, Barriuso-Iglesias, Mónica, Torrecilla-Rodriguez, Ana, Gonzalez-Garcia, Juan, Arribas, José R., Fanti, Iuri, Gel, Silvia, Puig, Jordi, Negredo, Eugenia, Gutierrez, Mar, Domingo, Pere, Fischer, Julia, Fätkenheuer, Gerd, Alonso-Villaverde, Carlos, Macken, Alan, Woo, James, McGinty, Tara, Mallon, Patrick, Mangili, Alexandra, Skinner, Sally, Wanke, Christine A., Reiss, Peter, Weber, Rainer, Bucher, Heiner C., Fellay, Jacques, Telenti, Amalio, and Tarr, Philip E.

Published
2013
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3. Reply to van der Pas et al

Author

Mendeni, Monia, Focà, Emanuele, Gotti, Daria, Ladisa, Nicoletta, Angarano, Gioacchino, Albini, Laura, Castelnuovo, Filippo, Carosi, Giampiero, Quiros-Roldan, Eugenia, and Torti, Carlo

Published
2011
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5. Attila a Milano

Author

Giuliana Albini, Laura Mecella, Zecchini, Giuseppe, Giuseppe Zecchini (ORCID:0000-0003-3266-4074), Giuliana Albini, Laura Mecella, Zecchini, Giuseppe, and Giuseppe Zecchini (ORCID:0000-0003-3266-4074)

Abstract

This paper aims to analyze the strategic grounds of Attila’s march towards Milan after Aquileia’s fall and of his stay in Milan, while he was doubtful about turning southward to rome or westward to Gaul

Published
2021

8. Efficacy and safety of a switch to unboosted atazanavir in combination with nucleoside analogues in HIV-1-infected patients with virological suppression under antiretroviral therapy

Author

Pavie, Juliette, Porcher, Raphael, Torti, Carlo, Medrano, José, Castagna, Antonella, Valin, Nadia, Rusconi, Stefano, Ammassari, Adriana, Ghosn, Jade, Delaugerre, Constance, Molina, Jean-Michel, Franzetti, Marco, Lascoux-Combes, Caroline, Lorenzini, Patrizia, Carosi, Giampiero, Albini, Laura, Nasta, Paola, Quiros-Roldan, Eugenia, Castelnuovo, Filippo, and Rachline, Anne

Published
2011
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10. Contribution of Genetic Background, Traditional Risk Factors, and HIV-Related Factors to Coronary Artery Disease Events in HIV-Positive Persons

Author

Rotger, Margalida, Glass, Tracy R., Junier, Thomas, Lundgren, Jens, Neaton, James D., Poloni, Estella S., van 't Wout, Angélique B., Lubomirov, Rubin, Colombo, Sara, Martinez, Raquel, Rauch, Andri, Günthard, Huldrych F., Neuhaus, Jacqueline, Wentworth, Deborah, van Manen, Danielle, Gras, Luuk A., Schuitemaker, Hanneke, Albini, Laura, Torti, Carlo, Jacobson, Lisa P., Li, Xiuhong, Kingsley, Lawrence A., Carli, Federica, Guaraldi, Giovanni, Ford, Emily S., Sereti, Irini, Hadigan, Colleen, Martinez, Esteban, Arnedo, Mireia, Egaña-Gorroño, Lander, Gatell, Jose M., Law, Matthew, Bendall, Courtney, Petoumenos, Kathy, Rockstroh, Jürgen, Wasmuth, Jan-Christian, Kabamba, Kabeya, Delforge, Marc, De Wit, Stephane, Berger, Florian, Mauss, Stefan, de Paz Sierra, Mariana, Losso, Marcelo, Belloso, Waldo H., Leyes, Maria, Campins, Antoni, Mondi, Annalisa, De Luca, Andrea, Bernardino, Ignacio, Barriuso-Iglesias, Mónica, Torrecilla-Rodriguez, Ana, Gonzalez-Garcia, Juan, Arribas, José R., Fanti, Iuri, Gel, Silvia, Puig, Jordi, Negredo, Eugenia, Gutierrez, Mar, Domingo, Pere, Fischer, Julia, Fätkenheuer, Gerd, Alonso-Villaverde, Carlos, Macken, Alan, Woo, James, McGinty, Tara, Mallon, Patrick, Mangili, Alexandra, Skinner, Sally, Wanke, Christine A., Reiss, Peter, Weber, Rainer, Bucher, Heiner C., Fellay, Jacques, Telenti, Amalio, Tarr, Philip E., Rotger, Margalida, Glass, Tracy R., Junier, Thomas, Lundgren, Jens, Neaton, James D., Poloni, Estella S., van 't Wout, Angélique B., Lubomirov, Rubin, Colombo, Sara, Martinez, Raquel, Rauch, Andri, Günthard, Huldrych F., Neuhaus, Jacqueline, Wentworth, Deborah, van Manen, Danielle, Gras, Luuk A., Schuitemaker, Hanneke, Albini, Laura, Torti, Carlo, Jacobson, Lisa P., Li, Xiuhong, Kingsley, Lawrence A., Carli, Federica, Guaraldi, Giovanni, Ford, Emily S., Sereti, Irini, Hadigan, Colleen, Martinez, Esteban, Arnedo, Mireia, Egaña-Gorroño, Lander, Gatell, Jose M., Law, Matthew, Bendall, Courtney, Petoumenos, Kathy, Rockstroh, Jürgen, Wasmuth, Jan-Christian, Kabamba, Kabeya, Delforge, Marc, De Wit, Stephane, Berger, Florian, Mauss, Stefan, de Paz Sierra, Mariana, Losso, Marcelo, Belloso, Waldo H., Leyes, Maria, Campins, Antoni, Mondi, Annalisa, De Luca, Andrea, Bernardino, Ignacio, Barriuso-Iglesias, Mónica, Torrecilla-Rodriguez, Ana, Gonzalez-Garcia, Juan, Arribas, José R., Fanti, Iuri, Gel, Silvia, Puig, Jordi, Negredo, Eugenia, Gutierrez, Mar, Domingo, Pere, Fischer, Julia, Fätkenheuer, Gerd, Alonso-Villaverde, Carlos, Macken, Alan, Woo, James, McGinty, Tara, Mallon, Patrick, Mangili, Alexandra, Skinner, Sally, Wanke, Christine A., Reiss, Peter, Weber, Rainer, Bucher, Heiner C., Fellay, Jacques, Telenti, Amalio, and Tarr, Philip E.

Abstract

We show in human immunodeficiency virus-positive persons that the coronary artery disease effect of an unfavorable genetic background is comparable to previous studies in the general population, and comparable in size to traditional risk factors and antiretroviral regimens known to increase cardiovascular risk

Published
2017

12. Evolution of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance in HIV-1-infected patients in Italy from 2000 to 2010

Author

Colafigli, M, Torti, Carlo, Trecarichi, Em, Albini, Laura, Rosi, A, Micheli, V, Manca, Nino, Penco, G, Bruzzone, B, Punzi, G, Corsi, P, Parruti, G, Bagnarelli, P, Monno, L, Gonnelli, A, Cauda, R, Di Giambenedetto, S, Arca, Ucsc, Collaborators: Fabbiani M, Brescia HIV resistance study g. r. o. u. p. s., Sidella, L, Mondi, A, Farina, S, D'Avino, A, Fanti, I, Doino, M, Prosperi, M, Gargiulo, F, Benini, A, Paraninfo, G, QUIROS ROLDAN, Maria Eugenia, Castelnuovo, F, Carosi, Giampiero, Scalzini, A, Castelli, Francesco, Giacometti, A, Butini, L, del Gobbo, R, Menzo, S, Tacconi, D, Corbelli, G, Zanussi, S, Maggiolo, F, Callegaro, A, Calza, L, Carla, M, Pristera, R, Turconi, P, Mandas, A, Tini, S, Carnevale, G, Paolini, E, Amadio, G, Sighinolfi, L, Zuccati, G, Morfini, M, Manetti, R, Galli, L, Di Pietro, M, Bartalesi, F, Colao, G, Tosti, A, Di Biagio, A, Setti, M, Trezzi, M, Orani, A, Pardelli, R, De Gennaro, M, Chiodera, A, Palvarini, L, Almi, P, Todaro, G, Gianotti, N, Cicconi, P, Rusconi, S, Gismondo, Mr, Biondi, Ml, Capetti, A, Meraviglia, P, Boeri, E, Pecorari, M, Santirocchi, M, Brustia, D, Ravanini, P, Dal Bello, F, Romano, N, Mancuso, S, Calzetti, C, Maserati, Sm, Filice, G, Baldanti, F, Francisci, D, Polilli, E, Sacchini, D, Martinelli, C, Consolini, R, Vatteroni, L, Vivarelli, A, Nerli, A, Lenzi, L, Magnani, G, Ortolani, P, Andreoni, M, Palamara, G, Fimiani, C, Palmisano, L, Antinori, A, Vullo, V, Turriziani, O, Perno, Cf, Montano, M, Cenderello, G, Romano, L, Palumbo, M, Ghisetti, V, Bonora, S, Delle Foglie, P, Rossi, C, Poletti, F, Mondino, V, Malena, M, and Lattuada, E.

Published
2012

15. Contribution of genetic background, traditional risk factors, and HIV-related factors to coronary artery disease events in HIV-positive persons.

Author

Rotger, Margalida, Glass, Tracy R., Junier, Thomas, Lundgren, Jens D, Neaton, James, Poloni, Estella ES, van 't Wout, Angélique AB, Lubomirov, Rubin, Colombo, Sara, Martinez, Raquel, Rauch, Andri, Günthard, Huldrych, Neuhaus, Jacqueline, Wentworth, Deborah, van Manen, Danielle, Gras, Luuk, Schuitemaker, Hanneke, Albini, Laura, Torti, Carlo, Jacobson, Lisa, Li, Xiuhong, Kingsley, Lawrence LA, Carli, Federica, Guaraldi, Giovanni Paolo, Ford, Emily ES, Sereti, Irini, Hadigan, Colleen, Martinez, Esteban, Arnedo, Mireia, Egaña-Gorroño, Lander, Gatell Artigas, José María, Law, Matthew, Bendall, Courtney, Petoumenos, Kathy, Rockstroh, Jürgen, Wasmuth, Jan-Christian, Kabeya, Kabamba, Delforge, Marie-Luce, De Wit, Stéphane, Berger, Florian, Mauss, Stefan, de Paz Sierra, Mariana, Losso, Marcelo, Belloso, Waldo H, Leyes, Maria, Campins, Antoni, Mondi, Annalisa, De Luca, Andrea, Bernardino, Ignacio, Barriuso-Iglesias, Mónica, Torrecilla-Rodriguez, Ana, Garcia González, Juan A., Arribas, José R, Fanti, Iuri, Gel, Silvia, Puig, Jordi, Negredo, Eugenia, Gutierrez, Mar, Domingo, Pere, Fischer, Julia, Fätkenheuer, Gerd, Alonso-Villaverde, Carlos, Macken, Alan, Woo, James, McGinty, Tara, Mallon, Patrick, Mangili, Alexandra, Skinner, Sally, Wanke, Christine CA, Reiss, Peter, Weber, Rainer, Bucher, Heiner H.C., Fellay, Jacques, Telenti, Amalio, Tarr, Philip PE, MAGNIFICENT Consortium, INSIGHT, Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Rotger, Margalida, Glass, Tracy R., Junier, Thomas, Lundgren, Jens D, Neaton, James, Poloni, Estella ES, van 't Wout, Angélique AB, Lubomirov, Rubin, Colombo, Sara, Martinez, Raquel, Rauch, Andri, Günthard, Huldrych, Neuhaus, Jacqueline, Wentworth, Deborah, van Manen, Danielle, Gras, Luuk, Schuitemaker, Hanneke, Albini, Laura, Torti, Carlo, Jacobson, Lisa, Li, Xiuhong, Kingsley, Lawrence LA, Carli, Federica, Guaraldi, Giovanni Paolo, Ford, Emily ES, Sereti, Irini, Hadigan, Colleen, Martinez, Esteban, Arnedo, Mireia, Egaña-Gorroño, Lander, Gatell Artigas, José María, Law, Matthew, Bendall, Courtney, Petoumenos, Kathy, Rockstroh, Jürgen, Wasmuth, Jan-Christian, Kabeya, Kabamba, Delforge, Marie-Luce, De Wit, Stéphane, Berger, Florian, Mauss, Stefan, de Paz Sierra, Mariana, Losso, Marcelo, Belloso, Waldo H, Leyes, Maria, Campins, Antoni, Mondi, Annalisa, De Luca, Andrea, Bernardino, Ignacio, Barriuso-Iglesias, Mónica, Torrecilla-Rodriguez, Ana, Garcia González, Juan A., Arribas, José R, Fanti, Iuri, Gel, Silvia, Puig, Jordi, Negredo, Eugenia, Gutierrez, Mar, Domingo, Pere, Fischer, Julia, Fätkenheuer, Gerd, Alonso-Villaverde, Carlos, Macken, Alan, Woo, James, McGinty, Tara, Mallon, Patrick, Mangili, Alexandra, Skinner, Sally, Wanke, Christine CA, Reiss, Peter, Weber, Rainer, Bucher, Heiner H.C., Fellay, Jacques, Telenti, Amalio, Tarr, Philip PE, MAGNIFICENT Consortium, INSIGHT, and Swiss HIV Cohort Study

Abstract

Persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have increased rates of coronary artery disease (CAD). The relative contribution of genetic background, HIV-related factors, antiretroviral medications, and traditional risk factors to CAD has not been fully evaluated in the setting of HIV infection., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2013

18. A Randomized, Pilot Trial to Evaluate Glomerular Filtration Rate by Creatinine or Cystatin C in Naive HIV-Infected Patients After Tenofovir/Emtricitabine in Combination With Atazanavir/Ritonavir or Efavirenz

Author

Albini, Laura, primary, Cesana, Bruno Mario, additional, Motta, Davide, additional, Focà, Emanuele, additional, Gotti, Daria, additional, Calabresi, Alessandra, additional, Izzo, Ilaria, additional, Bellagamba, Rita, additional, Fezza, Rita, additional, Narciso, Pasquale, additional, Sighinolfi, Laura, additional, Maggi, Paolo, additional, Quiros-Roldan, Eugenia, additional, Manili, Luigi, additional, Guaraldi, Giovanni, additional, Lapadula, Giuseppe, additional, and Torti, Carlo, additional

Published
2012
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19. Cancer incidence and mortality for all causes in HIV-infected patients over a quarter century: a multicentre cohort study.

Author

Raffetti, Elena, Albini, Laura, Gotti, Daria, Segala, Daniela, Maggiolo, Franco, di Filippo, Elisa, Saracino, Annalisa, Ladisa, Nicoletta, Lapadula, Giuseppe, Fornabaio, Chiara, Castelnuovo, Filippo, Casari, Salvatore, Fabbiani, Massimiliano, Pierotti, Piera, Donato, Francesco, and Quiros-Roldan, Eugenia

Subjects
*HIV-positive persons, *MEDICAL centers, *ETIOLOGY of diseases, *COMPARATIVE studies, *COHORT analysis
Abstract

Background: We aimed to assess cancer incidence and mortality for all-causes and factors related to risk of death in an Italian cohort of HIV infected unselected patients as compared to the general population. Methods: We conducted a retrospective (1986-2012) cohort study on 16 268 HIV infected patients enrolled in the MASTER cohort. The standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were computed using cancer incidence rates of Italian Cancer Registries and official national data for overall mortality. The risk factors for death from all causes were assessed using Poisson regression models. Results: 1,195 cancer cases were diagnosed from 1986 to 2012: 700 AIDS-defining-cancers (ADCs) and 495 non-AIDS-defining-cancers (NADCs). ADC incidence was much higher than the Italian population (SIR = 30.8, 95% confidence interval 27.9-34.0) whereas NADC incidence was similar to the general population (SIR = 0.9, 95% CI 0.8-1.1). The SMR for all causes was 11.6 (11.1-12.0) in the period, and it decreased over time, mainly after 1996, up to 3.53 (2.5-4.8) in 2012. Male gender, year of enrolment before 1993, older age at enrolment, intravenous drug use, low CD4 cell count, AIDS event, cancer occurrence and the absence of antiretroviral therapy were all associated independently with risk of death. Conclusions: In HIV infected patients, ADC but not NADC incidence rates were higher than the general population. Although overall mortality in HIV infected subjects decreased over time, it is about three-fold higher than the general population at present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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20. Survival in HIV-Infected Patients after a Cancer Diagnosis in the cART Era: Results of an Italian Multicenter Study.

Author

Gotti, Daria, Raffetti, Elena, Albini, Laura, Sighinolfi, Laura, Maggiolo, Franco, Di Filippo, Elisa, Ladisa, Nicoletta, Angarano, Gioacchino, Lapadula, Giuseppe, Pan, Angelo, Esposti, Anna Degli, Fabbiani, Massimiliano, Focà, Emanuele, Scalzini, Alfredo, Donato, Francesco, and Quiros-Roldan, Eugenia

Subjects
HIV-positive persons, EPIDEMIOLOGY, CANCER diagnosis, REAL-time closed captioning, ONCOLOGY, SCIENTIFIC observation
Abstract

Objectives: We studied survival and associated risk factors in an Italian nationwide cohort of HIV-infected individuals after an AIDS-defining cancer (ADC) or non-AIDS-defining cancer (NADC) diagnosis in the modern cART era. Methods: Multi-center, retrospective, observational study of HIV patients included in the MASTER Italian Cohort with a cancer diagnosis from January 1998 to September 2012. Malignancies were divided into ADC or NADC on the basis of the Centre for Disease Control-1993 classification. Recurrence of cancer and metastases were excluded. Survivals were estimated according to the Kaplan-Meier method and compared according to the log-rank test. Statistically significant variables at univariate analysis were entered in a multivariate Cox regression model. Results: Eight hundred and sixty-six cancer diagnoses were recorded among 13,388 subjects in the MASTER Database after 1998: 435 (51%) were ADCs and 431 (49%) were NADCs. Survival was more favorable after an ADC diagnosis than a NADC diagnosis (10-year survival: 62.7%±2.9% vs. 46%±4.2%; p = 0.017). Non-Hodgkin lymphoma had lower survival rates than patients with Kaposi sarcoma or cervical cancer (10-year survival: 48.2%±4.3% vs. 72.8%±4.0% vs. 78.5%±9.9%; p<0.001). Regarding NADCs, breast cancer showed better survival (10-year survival: 65.1%±14%) than lung cancer (1-year survival: 28%±8.7%), liver cancer (5-year survival: 31.9%±6.4%) or Hodgkin lymphoma (10-year survival: 24.8%±11.2%). Lower CD4+ count and intravenous drug use were significantly associated with decreased survival after ADCs or NADCs diagnosis. Exposure to cART was found to be associated with prolonged survival only in the case of ADCs. Conclusions: cART has improved survival in patients with an ADC diagnosis, whereas the prognosis after a diagnosis of NADCs is poor. Low CD4+ counts and intravenous drug use are risk factors for survival following a diagnosis of ADCs and Hodgkin lymphoma in the NADC group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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21. The impact of attitudes, attachment and partner control on intimate partner violence(IPV): a cross-cultural comparison

Author

Albini, Laura, Browne, Kevin, Albini, Laura, and Browne, Kevin

Abstract

Attitudes regarding gender roles and acceptance of violence, attachment style and need for control have been strongly implicated in IPV perpetration. However, arguments have been raised regarding the weight of these variables in relation to IPV. The present online cross-sectional study aimed at comparing these variables’ strength of association between Italian and English participants to better discern attitudinal dispositions. Analyses relied on data from 194 participants collected via an online questionnaire. Logistic regression aimed at predicting IPV indicated parental violence and control as significant contributors to the likelihood of perpetrating IPV, with a moderate to strong influence of attitudes supportive of violence and lack of chivalry, and the implication of fearful attachment style and childhood experiences of violence. Important differences were found on attitude endorsement across nationalities, and on the relationship between fearful attachment and control/violence across gender. These are discussed in relation to risk assessment and interventions.

22. Contribution of Genetic Background, Traditional Risk Factors, and HIV-Related Factors to Coronary Artery Disease Events in HIV-Positive Persons

Author

Rotger, Margalida, Glass, Tracy R., Junier, Thomas, Lundgren, Jens, Neaton, James D., Poloni, Estella S., van 't Wout, Angélique B., Lubomirov, Rubin, Colombo, Sara, Martinez, Raquel, Rauch, Andri, Günthard, Huldrych F., Neuhaus, Jacqueline, Wentworth, Deborah, van Manen, Danielle, Gras, Luuk A., Schuitemaker, Hanneke, Albini, Laura, Torti, Carlo, Jacobson, Lisa P., Li, Xiuhong, Kingsley, Lawrence A., Carli, Federica, Guaraldi, Giovanni, Ford, Emily S., Sereti, Irini, Hadigan, Colleen, Martinez, Esteban, Arnedo, Mireia, Egaña-Gorroño, Lander, Gatell, Jose M., Law, Matthew, Bendall, Courtney, Petoumenos, Kathy, Rockstroh, Jürgen, Wasmuth, Jan-Christian, Kabamba, Kabeya, Delforge, Marc, De Wit, Stephane, Berger, Florian, Mauss, Stefan, de Paz Sierra, Mariana, Losso, Marcelo, Belloso, Waldo H., Leyes, Maria, Campins, Antoni, Mondi, Annalisa, De Luca, Andrea, Bernardino, Ignacio, Barriuso-Iglesias, Mónica, Torrecilla-Rodriguez, Ana, Gonzalez-Garcia, Juan, Arribas, José R., Fanti, Iuri, Gel, Silvia, Puig, Jordi, Negredo, Eugenia, Gutierrez, Mar, Domingo, Pere, Fischer, Julia, Fätkenheuer, Gerd, Alonso-Villaverde, Carlos, Macken, Alan, Woo, James, McGinty, Tara, Mallon, Patrick, Mangili, Alexandra, Skinner, Sally, Wanke, Christine A., Reiss, Peter, Weber, Rainer, Bucher, Heiner C., Fellay, Jacques, Telenti, Amalio, Tarr, Philip E., Rotger, Margalida, Glass, Tracy R., Junier, Thomas, Lundgren, Jens, Neaton, James D., Poloni, Estella S., van 't Wout, Angélique B., Lubomirov, Rubin, Colombo, Sara, Martinez, Raquel, Rauch, Andri, Günthard, Huldrych F., Neuhaus, Jacqueline, Wentworth, Deborah, van Manen, Danielle, Gras, Luuk A., Schuitemaker, Hanneke, Albini, Laura, Torti, Carlo, Jacobson, Lisa P., Li, Xiuhong, Kingsley, Lawrence A., Carli, Federica, Guaraldi, Giovanni, Ford, Emily S., Sereti, Irini, Hadigan, Colleen, Martinez, Esteban, Arnedo, Mireia, Egaña-Gorroño, Lander, Gatell, Jose M., Law, Matthew, Bendall, Courtney, Petoumenos, Kathy, Rockstroh, Jürgen, Wasmuth, Jan-Christian, Kabamba, Kabeya, Delforge, Marc, De Wit, Stephane, Berger, Florian, Mauss, Stefan, de Paz Sierra, Mariana, Losso, Marcelo, Belloso, Waldo H., Leyes, Maria, Campins, Antoni, Mondi, Annalisa, De Luca, Andrea, Bernardino, Ignacio, Barriuso-Iglesias, Mónica, Torrecilla-Rodriguez, Ana, Gonzalez-Garcia, Juan, Arribas, José R., Fanti, Iuri, Gel, Silvia, Puig, Jordi, Negredo, Eugenia, Gutierrez, Mar, Domingo, Pere, Fischer, Julia, Fätkenheuer, Gerd, Alonso-Villaverde, Carlos, Macken, Alan, Woo, James, McGinty, Tara, Mallon, Patrick, Mangili, Alexandra, Skinner, Sally, Wanke, Christine A., Reiss, Peter, Weber, Rainer, Bucher, Heiner C., Fellay, Jacques, Telenti, Amalio, and Tarr, Philip E.

Abstract

We show in human immunodeficiency virus-positive persons that the coronary artery disease effect of an unfavorable genetic background is comparable to previous studies in the general population, and comparable in size to traditional risk factors and antiretroviral regimens known to increase cardiovascular risk

23. Le aristocrazie dell'Italia annonaria nella crisi dell'impero d'Occidente. Il caso della Lombardia da Valentiniano III a Giulio Nepote (450-475)

Author

Umberto Roberto, Giuliano Albini, Laura Mecella, and Roberto, Umberto

Subjects
Lombardia, Italia annonaria, Ricimero, Giulio Nepote, aristocrazie
Abstract

Obiettivo di questo studio l’analisi del ruolo dell’aristocrazia della Liguria nell’ultimo ventennio di storia imperiale, dalla morte di Valentiniano III al regno di Giulio Nepote in Italia (450‐475). Nel momento di pi grave crisi dell’autorit imperiale, le aristocrazie della Liguria ripresero un ruolo politico significativo, quando Ricimero decise di tornare a Milano nel 470‐471, in occasione della guerra civile contro Antemio. Qualche tempo dopo, deposto Glicerio, anche Giulio Nepote scelse come sedi del suo governo Milano e Pavia (Ticinum). Mentre Roma e l’Italia suburbicaria erano sotto il controllo dell’aristocrazia senatoria dell’Urbe, dall’Italia annonaria Giulio Nepote si impegn nella difesa delle regioni galliche che ancora riconoscevano il potere imperiale contro la minaccia dei Visigoti. Per questa ragione, dall’estate 474 all’estate 475 Milano e la Lombardia furono il centro dell’azione politica e diplomatica dell’ultimo legittimo imperatore d’Occidente.

Published
2021

24. Contribution of genetic background, traditional risk factors, and HIV-related factors to coronary artery disease events in HIV-positive persons

Author

Rotger, M, Glass, Tr, Junier, T, Lundgren, J, Neaton, Jd, Poloni, Es, van 't Wout AB, Lubomirov, R, Colombo, S, Martinez, R, Rauch, A, Günthard, Hf, Neuhaus, J, Wentworth, D, van Manen, D, Gras, La, Schuitemaker, H, Albini, L, Torti, C, Jacobson, Lp, Li, X, Kingsley, La, Carli, F, Guaraldi, G, Ford, Es, Sereti, I, Hadigan, C, Martinez, E, Arnedo, M, Egaña-Gorroño, L, Gatell, Jm, Law, M, Bendall, C, Petoumenos, K, Rockstroh, J, Wasmuth, Jc, Kabamba, K, Delforge, M, De Wit, S, Berger, F, Mauss, S, de Paz Sierra, M, Losso, M, Belloso, Wh, Leyes, M, Campins, A, Mondi, A, De Luca, A, Bernardino, I, Barriuso-Iglesias, M, Torrecilla-Rodriguez, A, Gonzalez-Garcia, J, Arribas, Jr, Fanti, I, Gel, S, Puig, J, Negredo, E, Gutierrez, M, Domingo, P, Fischer, J, Fätkenheuer, G, Alonso-Villaverde, C, Macken, A, Woo, J, Mcginty, T, Mallon, P, Mangili, A, Skinner, S, Wanke, Ca, Reiss, P, Weber, R, Bucher, Hc, Fellay, J, Telenti, A, Tarr, Pe, Vullo, V, Magnificent, Consortium, Insight, Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Mastroianni, C, MAGNIFICENT Consortium, Swiss HIV Cohort Study, INSIGHT, Rotger, M., Glass, TR., Lubomirov, R., Bucher, HC., Telenti, A., Tarr, PE., Junier, T., Poloni, ES., Fellay, J., Colombo, S., Martinez, R., Rauch, A., Weber, R., Günthard, HF., Neuhaus, J., Wentworth, D., Lundgren, J., Neaton, JD., van Manen, D., Gras, AL., Schuitemaker, H., van Wout AB., Reiss, P., Albini, L., Torti, C., Jacobson, LP., Li, X., Kingsley, LA., Carli, F., Guaraldi, G., Ford, ES., Sereti, I., Hadigan, C., Martinez, E., Arnedo-Valero, M., Egaña-Gorroño, L., Gatell, JM., Law, M., Bendall, C., Petoumenos, K., Rockstroh, J., Wasmuth, JC., Kabamba, K., Delforge, M., De Wit, S., Berger, F., Mauss, S., Sierra Mde, P., Losso, M., Belloso, WH., Leyes, M., Campins, A., Mondi, A., De Luca, A., Bernardino, I., Barriuso-Iglesias£££Mónica£££ M., Rodriguez, AT., Garcia, JG., Arribas, JR., Fanti, I., Gel, S., Puig, J., Negredo, E., Gutierrez, M., Domingo, P., Fischer, J., Fätkenheuer, G., Alonso-Villaverde, C., Macken, A., Woo, J., McGinty, T., Mallon, P., Mangili, A., Skinner, S., Wanke, CA., Aubert, V., Barth, J., Battegay, M., Bernasconi, E., Böni, J., Burton-Jeangros, C., Calmy, A., Cavassini, M., Egger, M., Elzi, L., Fehr, J., Francioli, P., Furrer, H., Fux, CA., Gorgievski, M., Günthard, H., Haerry, D., Hasse, B., Hirsch, HH., Hirschel, B., Hösli, I., Kahlert, C., Kaiser, L., Keiser, O., Kind, C., Klimkait, T., Kovari, H., Ledergerber, B., Martinetti, G., Martinez de Tejada, B., Metzner, K., Müller, N., Nadal, D., Pantaleo, G., Regenass, S., Rickenbach, M., Rudin, C., Schmid, P., Schultze, D., Schöni-Affolter, F., Schüpbach, J., Speck, R., Taffé, P., Tarr, P., Trkola, A., Vernazza, P., Prins, YS., Kuijpers, TW., Scherpbier, HJ., Boer, K., van der Meer JT., Wit, FW., Godfried, MH., van der Poll, T., Nellen, FJ., Lange, JM., Geerlings, SE., van Vugt, M., Vrouenraets, SM., Pajkrt, D., Bos, JC., van der Valk, M., Schreij, G., Lowe, S., Lashof, AO., Pronk, MJ., Bravenboer, B., van der Ende ME., de Vries-Sluijs TE., Schurink, CA., van der Feltz, M., Nouwen, JL., Gelinck, LB., Verbon, A., Rijnders, BJ., van de Ven-de Ruiter ED., Slobbe, L., Haag, D., Kauffmann, RH., Schippers, EF., Groeneveld, PH., Alleman, MA., Bouwhuis, JW., ten Kate RW., Soetekouw, R., Kroon, FP., van den Broek PJ., van Dissel JT., Arend, SM., van Nieuwkoop, C., de Boer MJ., Jolink, H., den Hollander JG., Pogany, K., Bronsveld, W., Kortmann, W., van Twillert, G., van Houte DP., Polée, MB., van Vonderen MG., ten Napel CH., Kootstra, GJ., Brinkman, K., Blok, WL., Frissen, PH., Schouten, WE., van den Berk GE., Juttmann, JR., van Kasteren ME., Brouwer, AE., Mulder, JW., van Gorp EC., Smit, PM., Weijer, S., van Eeden, A., Verhagen, DW., Sprenger, HG., Doedens, R., Scholvinck, EH., van Assen, S., Stek, CJ., Hoepelman, IM., Mudrikova, T., Schneider, MM., Jaspers, CA., Ellerbroek, PM., Peters, EJ., Maarschalk-Ellerbroek, LJ., Oosterheert, JJ., Arends, JE., Wassenberg, MW., van der Hilst JC., Richter, C., van der Berg JP., Gisolf, EH., Margolick, JB., Plankey, M., Crain, B., Dobs, A., Farzadegan, H., Gallant, J., Johnson-Hill, L., Sacktor, N., Selnes, O., Shepard, J., Thio, C., Phair, JP., Wolinsky, SM., Badri, S., Conover, C., O'Gorman, M., Ostrow, D., Palella, F., Ragin, A., Detels, R., Martínez-Maza, O., Aronow, A., Bolan, R., Breen, E., Butch, A., Fahey, J., Jamieson, B., Miller, EN., Oishi, J., Vinters, H., Visscher, BR., Wiley, D., Witt, M., Yang, O., Young, S., Zhang, ZF., Rinaldo, CR., Becker, JT., Cranston, RD., Martinson, JJ., Mellors, JW., Silvestre, AJ., Stall, RD., Muñoz, A., Abraham, A., Althoff, K., Cox, C., D'Souza, G., Gange, SJ., Golub, E., Schollenberger, J., Seaberg, EC., Su, S., Huebner, RE., Dominguez, G., Moroni, M., Angarano, G., Antinori, A., Carosi, G., Cauda, R., Monforte£££A d'Arminio£££ A., Di Perri, G., Galli, M., Iardino, R., Ippolito, G., Lazzarin, A., Perno, CF., Sagnelli, E., Viale, PL., Von Schlosser, F., d'Arminio Monforte, A., Ammassari, A., Andreoni, M., Balotta, C., Bonfanti, P., Bonora, S., Borderi, M., Capobianchi, MR., Castagna, A., Ceccherini-Silberstein, F., Cozzi-Lepri, A., Gargiulo, M., Gervasoni, C., Girardi, E., Lichtner, M., Lo Caputo, S., Madeddu, G., Maggiolo, F., Marcotullio, S., Monno, L., Murri, R., Mussini, C., Puoti, M., Formenti, T., Galli, L., Lorenzini, P., Montroni, M., Giacometti, A., Costantini, A., Riva, A., Tirelli, U., Martellotta, F., Ladisa, N., Lazzari, G., Verucchi, G., Castelli, F., Scalzini, A., Minardi, C., Bertelli, D., Quirino, T., Abeli, C., Manconi, PE., Piano, P., Vecchiet, J., Falasca, K., Carnevale, G., Lorenzotti, S., Sighinolfi, L., Segala, D., Leoncini, F., Mazzotta, F., Pozzi, M., Cassola, G., Viscoli, G., Viscoli, A., Piscopo, R., Mazzarello, G., Mastroianni, C., Belvisi, V., Caramma, I., Chiodera, A., Castelli, P., Rizzardini, G., Ridolfo, AL., Foschi, A., Salpietro, S., Galli, A., Bigoloni, A., Spagnuolo, V., Merli, S., Carenzi, L., Moioli, MC., Cicconi, P., Bisio, L., Gori, A., Lapadula, G., Abrescia, N., Chirianni, A., De Marco, M., Ferrari, C., Borghi, R., Baldelli, F., Belfiori, B., Parruti, G., Ursini, T., Magnani, G., Ursitti, MA., Narciso, P., Tozzi, V., Vullo, V., d'Avino, A., Zaccarelli, M., Gallo, L., Acinapura, R., Capozzi, M., Libertone, R., Trotta, MP., Tebano, G., Cattelan, AM., Mura, MS., Caramello, P., Orofino, GC., Sciandra, M., Raise, Ebo, F., Pellizzer, G., Manfrin, V., McManus, H., Wright, S., Moore, R., Edwards, S., Medische Microbiologie, RS: CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Experimental Immunology, Other departments, Graduate School, APH - Amsterdam Public Health, Global Health, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Paediatric Infectious Diseases / Rheumatology / Immunology, Other Research, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Infectious diseases, General Internal Medicine, Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Tarr, Philip E, Rotger, M, Glass, T, Junier, T, Lundgren, J, Neaton, J, Poloni, E, Van 'T Wout, A, Lubomirov, R, Colombo, S, Martinez, R, Rauch, A, Günthard, H, Neuhaus, J, Wentworth, D, Van Manen, D, Gras, L, Schuitemaker, H, Albini, L, Torti, C, Jacobson, L, Li, X, Kingsley, L, Carli, F, Guaraldi, G, Ford, E, Sereti, I, Hadigan, C, Martinez, E, Arnedo, M, Egaña Gorroño, L, Gatell, J, Law, M, Bendall, C, Petoumenos, K, Rockstroh, J, Wasmuth, J, Kabamba, K, Delforge, M, De Wit, S, Berger, F, Mauss, S, De Paz Sierra, M, Losso, M, Belloso, W, Leyes, M, Campins, A, Mondi, A, De Luca, A, Bernardino, I, Barriuso Iglesias, M, Torrecilla Rodriguez, A, Gonzalez Garcia, J, Arribas, J, Fanti, I, Gel, S, Puig, J, Negredo, E, Gutierrez, M, Domingo, P, Fischer, J, Fätkenheuer, G, Alonso Villaverde, C, Macken, A, Woo, J, Mcginty, T, Mallon, P, Mangili, A, Skinner, S, Wanke, C, Reiss, P, Weber, R, Bucher, H, Fellay, J, Telenti, A, Tarr, P, Gori, A, Junier, Thomas, Poloni, Estella S., Rotger, Margalida, Glass, Tracy R., Junier, Thoma, Lundgren, Jen, Neaton, James D., Van 't Wout, Angã©lique B., Lubomirov, Rubin, Colombo, Sara, Martinez, Raquel, Rauch, Andri, Gã¼nthard, Huldrych F., Neuhaus, Jacqueline, Wentworth, Deborah, Van Manen, Danielle, Gras, Luuk A., Schuitemaker, Hanneke, Albini, Laura, Torti, Carlo, Jacobson, Lisa P., Li, Xiuhong, Kingsley, Lawrence A., Carli, Federica, Guaraldi, Giovanni, Ford, Emily S., Sereti, Irini, Hadigan, Colleen, Martinez, Esteban, Arnedo, Mireia, Egaã±a gorroã±o, Lander, Gatell, Jose M., Law, Matthew, Bendall, Courtney, Petoumenos, Kathy, Rockstroh, Jã¼rgen, Wasmuth, Jan christian, Kabamba, Kabeya, Delforge, Marc, De Wit, Stephane, Berger, Florian, Mauss, Stefan, De Paz Sierra, Mariana, Losso, Marcelo, Belloso, Waldo H., Leyes, Maria, Campins, Antoni, Mondi, Annalisa, De Luca, Andrea, Bernardino, Ignacio, Barriuso iglesias, Mã³nica, Torrecilla rodriguez, Ana, Gonzalez garcia, Juan, Arribas, Josã© R., Fanti, Iuri, Gel, Silvia, Puig, Jordi, Negredo, Eugenia, Gutierrez, Mar, Domingo, Pere, Fischer, Julia, Fã¤tkenheuer, Gerd, Alonso villaverde, Carlo, Macken, Alan, Woo, Jame, Mcginty, Tara, Mallon, Patrick, Mangili, Alexandra, Skinner, Sally, Wanke, Christine A., Reiss, Peter, Weber, Rainer, Bucher, Heiner C., Fellay, Jacque, Telenti, Amalio, Tarr, Philip E. Swiss Hiv Cohort, and Castagna, Antonella

Subjects
Male, HIV Infections, Genome-wide association study, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 2726 Microbiology (medical), 10234 Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Coronary artery disease, 0302 clinical medicine, ddc:590, Risk Factors, Abacavir, 80 and over, genetics, 030212 general & internal medicine, Family history, Articles and Commentaries, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, medicine.diagnostic_test, traditional risk factor, Single Nucleotide, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, traditional risk factors, Cohort, Female, HIV infection, antiretroviral therapy, coronary artery disease, Human, medicine.drug, Adult, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Population, Infectious Disease, 610 Medicine & health, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Aged, Coronary Artery Disease, Humans, Polymorphism, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, education, Genetic testing, business.industry, Risk Factor, 2725 Infectious Diseases, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Immunology, genetic, business
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have increased rates of coronary artery disease (CAD). The relative contribution of genetic background, HIV-related factors, antiretroviral medications, and traditional risk factors to CAD has not been fully evaluated in the setting of HIV infection.METHODS: In the general population, 23 common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were shown to be associated with CAD through genome-wide association analysis. Using the Metabochip, we genotyped 1875 HIV-positive, white individuals enrolled in 24 HIV observational studies, including 571 participants with a first CAD event during the 9-year study period and 1304 controls matched on sex and cohort.RESULTS: A genetic risk score built from 23 CAD-associated SNPs contributed significantly to CAD (P = 2.9 × 10(-4)). In the final multivariable model, participants with an unfavorable genetic background (top genetic score quartile) had a CAD odds ratio (OR) of 1.47 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-2.04). This effect was similar to hypertension (OR = 1.36; 95% CI, 1.06-1.73), hypercholesterolemia (OR = 1.51; 95% CI, 1.16-1.96), diabetes (OR = 1.66; 95% CI, 1.10-2.49), ≥ 1 year lopinavir exposure (OR = 1.36; 95% CI, 1.06-1.73), and current abacavir treatment (OR = 1.56; 95% CI, 1.17-2.07). The effect of the genetic risk score was additive to the effect of nongenetic CAD risk factors, and did not change after adjustment for family history of CAD.CONCLUSIONS: In the setting of HIV infection, the effect of an unfavorable genetic background was similar to traditional CAD risk factors and certain adverse antiretroviral exposures. Genetic testing may provide prognostic information complementary to family history of CAD.

Published
2013
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25. Impact of detectable human cytomegalovirus DNAemia on viro-immunological effectiveness of HAART in HIV-infected patients naive to antiretroviral therapy.

Author

Focà E, Motta D, Pollara C, Brianese N, Gotti D, Albini L, Quiros-Roldan E, Torti C, and Manca N

Subjects
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections virology, Adult, Anti-HIV Agents therapeutic use, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Cytomegalovirus genetics, Cytomegalovirus Infections virology, Female, HIV Infections immunology, HIV Infections virology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections immunology, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Cytomegalovirus isolation & purification, Cytomegalovirus Infections immunology, DNA, Viral blood, HIV Infections complications, HIV Infections drug therapy
Abstract

Our objective was to explore whether positive human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNAemia at baseline impaired CD4+ T-cell increase after 1 year of HAART. A sub-study of a randomized clinical trial in selected patients with <200 cell/mm CD4+ at baseline was conducted. Six out of 30 patients had detectable HCMV DNAemia at baseline, all reaching HCMV suppression at week 52 after HAART (only 1 of them was treated with valgancyclovir). No significant differences were found between patients with detectable or undetectable HCMV DNAemia in terms of CD4+ T-cell increase and HIV RNA response to HAART. Although some data may favor HCVM pre-emptive therapy to decrease immune activation, our results do not indicate that this practice may increase CD4+ T-cell count after HAART. At the same time, HAART proved effective in reducing HCMV DNAemia without the need for a specific therapy.

Published
2012

26. A randomized, pilot trial to evaluate glomerular filtration rate by creatinine or cystatin C in naive HIV-infected patients after tenofovir/emtricitabine in combination with atazanavir/ritonavir or efavirenz.

Author

Albini L, Cesana BM, Motta D, Focà E, Gotti D, Calabresi A, Izzo I, Bellagamba R, Fezza R, Narciso P, Sighinolfi L, Maggi P, Quiros-Roldan E, Manili L, Guaraldi G, Lapadula G, and Torti C

Subjects
Adenine administration & dosage, Adenine adverse effects, Adenine analogs & derivatives, Adult, Alkynes, Anti-HIV Agents therapeutic use, Atazanavir Sulfate, Benzoxazines administration & dosage, Benzoxazines adverse effects, Cyclopropanes, Deoxycytidine administration & dosage, Deoxycytidine adverse effects, Deoxycytidine analogs & derivatives, Emtricitabine, Female, Glomerular Filtration Rate physiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Oligopeptides administration & dosage, Oligopeptides adverse effects, Organophosphonates administration & dosage, Organophosphonates adverse effects, Pilot Projects, Pyridines administration & dosage, Pyridines adverse effects, Ritonavir administration & dosage, Ritonavir adverse effects, Tenofovir, Anti-HIV Agents administration & dosage, Anti-HIV Agents adverse effects, Creatinine metabolism, Cystatin C metabolism, Glomerular Filtration Rate drug effects, HIV Infections drug therapy
Abstract

Background: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation based on creatinine or cystatine C may be more accurate methods especially in patients without chronic kidney disease. There is lack of data on GFR estimated by these methods in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy., Methods: Antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected patients were randomized to tenofovir/emtricitabine in association with atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r) or efavirenz (EFV) Patients had to have an actual creatinine clearance >50 mL/minute (24-hour urine collection) and were followed for 48 weeks., Results: Ninety-one patients (48 ATV/r, 43 EFV) were recruited. Using the CKD-EPI creatinine formula, there was a significant decrease in GFR up to week 48 in patients receiving ATV/r (4.9 mL/minute/m(2), P = 0.02) compared with a not statistically significant increment in patients prescribed EFV. Using the cystatin C-based equation, we found greater decrease in GFR in both arms, although, in the EFV arm, the decrease was not statistically significant (5.8 mL/minute/m(2), P = 0.92). At multivariable analysis, ATV/r was a significant predictor of greater decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (P = 0.0046) only with CKD-EPI creatinine., Conclusions: ATV/r plus tenofovir caused greater GFR decreases compared with EFV. The evaluation of eGFR by cystatin C confirmed this result, but this method seemed to be more stringent, probably precluding the possibility to detect a significant difference in the pattern of eGFR evolution between the two arms over time. More studies are needed to understand the clinical relevance of these alterations and whether cystatin C is a more appropriate method for monitoring GFR in clinical practice.

Published
2012
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