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36 results on '"Alegre J. M."'

1. Notch Fracture predictions using the Phase Field method for Ti-6Al-4V produced by Selective Laser Melting after different post-processing conditions

Author

Díaz, A., Alegre, J. M., Cuesta, I. I., Martínez-Pañeda, E., and Zhang, Z.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Computer Science - Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

Ti-6Al-4V is a titanium alloy with excellent properties for lightweight applications and its production through Additive Manufacturing processes is attractive for different industrial sectors. In this work, the influence of mechanical properties on the notch fracture resistance of Ti-6Al-4V produced by Selective Laser Melting is numerically investigated. Literature data is used to inform material behaviour. The as-built brittle behaviour is compared to the enhanced ductile response after heat treatment (HT) and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) post-processes. A Phase Field framework is adopted to capture damage nucleation and propagation from two different notch geometries and a discussion on the influence of fracture energy and the characteristic length is carried out. In addition, the influence of oxygen uptake is analysed by reproducing non-inert atmospheres during HT and HIP, showing that oxygen shifts fracture to brittle failures due to the formation of an alpha case layer, especially for the V-notch geometry. Results show that a pure elastic behaviour can be assumed for the as-built SLM condition, whereas elastic-plastic phenomena must be modelled for specimens subjected to heat treatment or hot isostatic pressing. The present brittle Phase Field framework coupled with an elastic-plastic constitutive analysis is demonstrated to be a robust prediction tool for notch fracture after different post-processing routes.

Published
2022

5. Simulation of hydrogen permeation through pure iron for trapping and surface phenomena characterisation

Author

Díaz, A., Zafra, A., Martínez-Pañeda, E., Alegre, J. M., Belzunce, J., and Cuesta, I. I.

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Mathematics - Numerical Analysis
Abstract

There is a need for numerical models capable of predicting local accumulation of hydrogen near stress concentrators and crack tips to prevent and mitigate hydrogen assisted fracture in steels. The experimental characterisation of trapping parameters in metals, which is required for an accurate simulation of hydrogen transport, is usually performed through the electropermeation test. In order to study grain size influence and grain boundary trapping during permeation, two modelling approaches are explored; a 1D Finite Element model including trap density and binding energy as input parameters and a polycrystalline model based on the assignment of a lower diffusivity and solubility to the grain boundaries. Samples of pure iron after two different heat treatments - 950C for 40 minutes and 1100C for 5 minutes - are tested applying three consecutive rising permeation steps and three decaying steps. Experimental results show that the finer grain microstructure promotes a diffusion delay due to grain boundary trapping. The usual methodology for the determination of trap densities and binding energies is revisited in which the limiting diluted and saturated cases are considered. To this purpose, apparent diffusivities are fitted including also the influence of boundary conditions and comparing results provided by the constant concentration with the constant flux assumption. Grain boundaries are characterised for pure iron with a binding energy between 37.8 and 39.9 kJ/mol and a low trap density but it is numerically demonstrated that saturated or diluted assumptions are not always verified, and a univocal determination of trapping parameters requires a broader range of charging conditions for permeation. The relationship between surface parameters, i.e. charging current, recombination current and surface concentrations, is also studied.

Published
2020

6. Influence of charging conditions on simulated temperature-programmed desorption for hydrogen in metals

Author

Díaz, A., Cuesta, I. I., Martínez-Pañeda, E., and Alegre, J. M.

Subjects
Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract

Failures attributed to hydrogen embrittlement are a major concern for metals so a better understanding of damage micro-mechanisms and hydrogen diffusion within the metal is needed. Local concentrations depend on transport phenomena including trapping effects, which are usually characterised by a temperature-programmed desorption method often referred to as Thermal Desorption Analysis (TDA). When the hydrogen is released from the specimen during the programmed heating, some desorption peaks are observed that are commonly related to detrapping energies by means of an analytical procedure. The limitations of this approach are revisited here and gaseous hydrogen charging at high temperatures is simulated. This popular procedure enables attaining high concentrations due to the higher solubility of hydrogen at high temperatures. However, the segregation behaviour of hydrogen into traps depends on charging time and temperature. This process and the subsequent cooling alter hydrogen distribution are numerically modelled; it is found that TDA spectra are strongly affected by the charging temperature and the charging time, both for weak and strong traps. However, the influence of ageing time at room temperature after cooling and before desorption is only appreciable for weak traps.

Published
2020
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7. Analysis of hydrogen permeation tests considering two different modelling approaches for grain boundary trapping in iron

Author

Díaz, A., Cuesta, I. I., Martínez-Pañeda, E., and Alegre, J. M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

The electrochemical permeation test is one of the most used methods for characterising hydrogen diffusion in metals. The flux of hydrogen atoms registered in the oxidation cell might be fitted to obtain apparent diffusivities. The magnitude of this coefficient has a decisive influence on the kinetics of fracture or fatigue phenomena assisted by hydrogen and depends largely on hydrogen retention in microstructural traps. In order to improve the numerical fitting of diffusion coefficients, a permeation test has been reproduced using FEM simulations considering two approaches: a continuum 1D model in which the trap density, binding energy and the input lattice concentrations are critical variables and a polycrystalline model where trapping at grain boundaries is simulated explicitly including a segregation factor and a diffusion coefficient different from that of the interior of the grain. Results show that the continuum model captures trapping delay, but it should be modified to model the trapping influence on the steady state flux. Permeation behaviour might be classified according to different regimes depending on deviation from Fickian diffusion. Polycrystalline synthetic permeation shows a strong influence of segregation on output flux magnitude. This approach is able to simulate also the short-circuit diffusion phenomenon. The comparison between different grain sizes and grain boundary thicknesses by means of the fitted apparent diffusivity shows the relationships between the registered flux and the characteristic parameters of traps.

Published
2019

8. The Essential Work of Fracture Parameters for 3D printed polymer sheets

Author

Cuesta, I. I., Martinez-Pañeda, E., Díaz, A., and Alegre, J. M.

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Additive manufacturing is becoming increasingly popular in academia and industry. Accordingly, there has been a growing interest in characterizing 3D printed samples to determine their structural integrity behaviour. We employ the Essential Work of Fracture (EWF) to investigate the mechanical response of polymer sheets obtained through additive manufacturing. Our goal is twofold; first, we aim at gaining insight into the role of fibre reinforcement on the fracture resistance of additively manufactured polymer sheets. Deeply double-edge notched tensile (DDEN-T) tests are conducted on four different polymers: Onyx, a crystalline, nylon-reinforced polymer, and three standard polymers used in additive manufacturing - PLA, PP and ABS. Results show that fibre-reinforcement translates into a notable increase in fracture resistance, with the fracture energy of Onyx being an order of magnitude higher than that reported for non-reinforced polymers. On the other hand, we propose the use of a miniature test specimen, the deeply double-edge notched small punch specimens (DDEN-SP), to characterize the mechanical response using a limited amount of material. The results obtained exhibit good alignment with the DDEN-T data, suggesting the suitability of the DDEN-SP test for measuring fracture properties of additively manufactured polymers in a cost-effective manner.

Published
2019
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9. Pre-notched dog bone small punch specimens for the estimation of fracture properties

Author

Cuesta, I. I., Willig, A., Díaz, A., Martínez-Pañeda, E., and Alegre, J. M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

In recent years, the pre-notched or pre-cracked small punch test (P-SPT) has been successfully used to estimate the fracture properties of metallic materials for cases in which there is not sufficient material to identify these properties from standard tests, such as CT or SENB specimens. The P-SPT basically consists of deforming a pre-notched miniature specimen, whose edges are firmly gripped by a die, using a high strength punch. The novelty of this paper lies in the estimation of fracture properties using dog-bone-shaped specimens with different confinement levels. With these specimens, three confinement variations have been studied. The results obtained enable the establishment of a variation of fracture properties depending on the level of confinement of each miniature specimen and selection of the most appropriate confinement for this goal., Comment: Engineering Failure Analysis (2019)

Published
2018
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10. Goodbye Hartmann trial: a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study on the current use of a surgical procedure developed a century ago

Author

Perrone, G, Giuffrida, M, Abu-Zidan, F, Kruger, V, Livrini, M, Petracca, G, Rossi, G, Tarasconi, A, Tian, B, Bonati, E, Mentz, R, Mazzini, F, Campana, J, Gasser, E, Kafka-Ritsch, R, Felsenreich, D, Dawoud, C, Riss, S, Gomes, C, Gomes, F, Gonzaga, R, Canton, C, Pereira, B, Fraga, G, Zem, L, Cordeiro-Fonseca, V, de Mesquita Tauil, R, Atanasov, B, Belev, N, Kovachev, N, Melendez, L, Dimova, A, Dimov, S, Zelic, Z, Augustin, G, Bogdanic, B, Moric, T, Chouillard, E, Bajul, M, De Simone, B, Panis, Y, Esposito, F, Notarnicola, M, Lauka, L, Fabbri, A, Hentati, H, Fnaiech, I, Aurelien, V, Bougard, M, Roulet, M, Demetrashvili, Z, Pipia, I, Merabishvili, G, Bouliaris, K, Koukoulis, G, Doudakmanis, C, Xenaki, S, Chrysos, E, Kokkinakis, S, Vassiliu, P, Michalopoulos, N, Margaris, I, Kechagias, A, Avgerinos, K, Katunin, J, Lostoridis, E, Nagorni, E, Pujante, A, Mulita, F, Maroulis, I, Vailas, M, Marinis, A, Siannis, I, Bourbouteli, E, Manatakis, D, Tasis, N, Acheimastos, V, Maria, S, Stylianos, K, Kuzeridis, H, Korkolis, D, Fradelos, E, Kavalieratos, G, Petropoulou, T, Polydorou, A, Papacostantinou, I, Triantafyllou, T, Kimpizi, D, Theodorou, D, Toutouzas, K, Chamzin, A, Frountzas, M, Schizas, D, Karavokyros, I, Syllaios, A, Charalabopoulos, A, Boura, M, Baili, E, Ioannidis, O, Loutzidou, L, Anestiadou, E, Tsouknidas, I, Petrakis, G, Polenta, E, Bains, L, Gupta, R, Singh, S, Khanduri, A, Bala, M, Kedar, A, Pisano, M, Podda, M, Pisanu, A, Martines, G, Trigiante, G, Lantone, G, Agrusa, A, Di Buono, G, Buscemi, S, Veroux, M, Gioco, R, Veroux, G, Oragano, L, Zonta, S, Lovisetto, F, Feo, C, Pesce, A, Fabbri, N, Marino, F, Perrone, F, Vincenti, L, Papagni, V, Picciariello, A, Rossi, S, Picardi, B, Del Monte, S, Visconti, D, Osella, G, Petruzzelli, L, Pignata, G, Andreuccetti, J, D'Alessio, R, Buonfantino, M, Guaitoli, E, Spinelli, S, Sampietro, G, Corbellini, C, Lorusso, L, Frontali, A, Pezzoli, I, Bonomi, A, Chierici, A, Cotsoglou, C, Manca, G, Delvecchio, A, Musa, N, Casati, M, Letizia, L, Abate, E, Ercolani, G, D'Acapito, F, Solaini, L, Guercioni, G, Cicconi, S, Sasia, D, Borghi, F, Giraudo, G, Sena, G, Castaldo, P, Cardamone, E, Portale, G, Zuin, M, Spolverato, Y, Esposito, M, Isernia, R, Di Salvo, M, Manunza, R, Esposito, G, Agus, M, Asti, E, Bernardi, D, Tonucci, T, Luppi, D, Casadei, M, Bonilauri, S, Pezzolla, A, Panebianco, A, Laforgia, R, De Luca, M, Zese, M, Parini, D, Jovine, E, De Sario, G, Lombardi, R, Aprea, G, Palomba, G, Capuano, M, Argenio, G, Orio, G, Armellino, M, Troian, M, Guerra, M, Nagliati, C, Biloslavo, A, Germani, P, Aizza, G, Monsellato, I, Chahrour, A, Anania, G, Bombardini, C, Bagolini, F, Sganga, G, Fransvea, P, Bianchi, V, Boati, P, Ferrara, F, Palmieri, F, Cianci, P, Gattulli, D, Restini, E, Cillara, N, Cannavera, A, Nita, G, Sarnari, J, Roscio, F, Clerici, F, Scandroglio, I, Berti, S, Cadeo, A, Filippelli, A, Conti, L, Grassi, C, Cattaneo, G, Pighin, M, Papis, D, Gambino, G, Bertino, V, Schifano, D, Prando, D, Fogato, L, Cavallo, F, Ansaloni, L, Picheo, R, Pontarolo, N, Depalma, N, Spampinato, M, D'Ugo, S, Lepre, L, Capponi, M, Campa, R, Sarro, G, Dinuzzi, V, Olmi, S, Uccelli, M, Ferrari, D, Inama, M, Moretto, G, Fontana, M, Favi, F, Picariello, E, Rampini, A, Barberis, A, Azzinnaro, A, Oliva, A, Totaro, L, Benzoni, I, Ranieri, V, Capolupo, G, Carannante, F, Caricato, M, Ronconi, M, Casiraghi, S, Casole, G, Pantalone, D, Alemanno, G, Scheiterle, M, Ceresoli, M, Cereda, M, Fumagalli, C, Zanzi, F, Bolzon, S, Guerra, E, Lecchi, F, Cellerino, P, Ardito, A, Scaramuzzo, R, Balla, A, Lepiane, P, Tartaglia, N, Ambrosi, A, Pavone, G, Palini, G, Veneroni, S, Garulli, G, Ricci, C, Torre, B, Russo, I, Rottoli, M, Tanzanu, M, Belvedere, A, Milone, M, Manigrasso, M, De Palma, G, Piccoli, M, Pattacini, G, Magnone, S, Bertoli, P, Massucco, P, Palisi, M, Luzzi, A, Fleres, F, Clarizia, G, Spolini, A, Kobe, Y, Toma, T, Shimamura, F, Parker, R, Ranketi, S, Mitei, M, Svagzdys, S, Pauzas, H, Zilinskas, J, Poskus, T, Kryzauskas, M, Jakubauskas, M, Zakaria, A, Zakaria, Z, Wong, M, Jusoh, A, Zakaria, M, Cruz, D, Elizalde, A, Reynaud, A, Hernandez, E, Monroy, J, Hinojosa-Ugarte, D, Quiodettis, M, Du Bois, M, Latorraca, J, Major, P, Pedziwiatr, M, Pisarska-Adamczyk, M, Waledziak, M, Kwiatkowski, A, Czyzykowski, L, da Costa, S, Ferreira, A, Almeida, F, Rocha, R, Carneiro, C, Perez, D, Carvas, J, Rocha, C, Ferreira, C, Marques, R, Fernandes, U, Leao, P, Goulart, A, Pereira, R, Patrocinio, S, de Mendonca, N, Manso, M, Morais, H, Cardoso, P, Calu, V, Miron, A, Toma, E, Gachabayov, M, Abdullaev, A, Litvin, A, Nechay, T, Tyagunov, A, Yuldashev, A, Bradley, A, Wilson, M, Panyko, A, Lateckova, Z, Lacko, V, Lesko, D, Soltes, M, Radonak, J, Turrado-Rodriguez, V, Termes-Serra, R, Morales-Sevillano, X, Lapolla, P, Mingoli, A, Brachini, G, Degiuli, M, Sofia, S, Reddavid, R, de Manzoni Garberini, A, Buffone, A, del Pozo, E, Aparicio-Sanchez, D, Dos Barbeito, S, Estaire-Gomez, M, Viton-Herrero, R, de los Angeles Gil Olarte-Marquez, M, Gil-Martinez, J, Alconchel, F, Nicolas-Lopez, T, Rahy-Martin, A, Pelloni, M, Banolas-Suarez, R, Mendoza-Moreno, F, Nisa, F, Diez-Alonso, M, Rodas, M, Agundez, M, Andres, M, Moreira, C, Perez, A, Ponce, I, Gonzalez-Castillo, A, Membrilla-Fernandez, E, Salvans, S, Serradilla-Martin, M, Pardo, P, Rivera-Alonso, D, Dziakova, J, Huguet, J, Valle, N, Ruiz, E, Valcarcel, C, Moreno, C, Salazar, Y, Garcia, J, Mico, S, Lopez, J, Farre, S, Gomez, M, Petit, N, Titos-Garcia, A, Aranda-Narvaez, J, Romacho-Lopez, L, Sanchez-Guillen, L, Aranaz-Ostariz, V, Bosch-Ramirez, M, Martinez-Perez, A, Martinez-Lopez, E, Sebastian-Tomas, J, Jimenez-Riera, G, Jimenez-Vega, J, Cuellar, J, Campos-Serra, A, Munoz-Campana, A, Gracia-Roman, R, Alegre, J, Pinto, F, O'Sullivan, S, Antona, F, Jimenez, B, Lopez-Sanchez, J, Carmona, Z, Fernandez, R, Sierra, I, de Leon, L, Moreno, V, Iglesias, E, Cumplido, P, Bravo, A, Simo, I, Dominguez, C, Caamano, A, Lozano, R, Martinez, M, Torres, A, de Quiros, J, Pellino, G, Cloquell, M, Moller, E, Jalal-Eldin, S, Abdoun, A, Hamid, H, Lohsiriwat, V, Mongkhonsupphawan, A, Baraket, O, Ayed, K, Abbassi, I, Ali, A, Ammar, H, Kchaou, A, Tlili, A, Zribi, I, Colak, E, Polat, S, Koylu, Z, Guner, A, Usta, M, Reis, M, Mantoglu, B, Gonullu, E, Akin, E, Altintoprak, F, Bayhan, Z, Firat, N, Isik, A, Memis, U, Bayrak, M, Altintas, Y, Kara, Y, Bozkurt, M, Kocatas, A, Das, K, Seker, A, Ozer, N, Atici, S, Tuncer, K, Kaya, T, Ozkan, Z, Ilhan, O, Agackiran, I, Uzunoglu, M, Demirbas, E, Altinel, Y, Meric, S, Hacim, N, Uymaz, D, Omarov, N, Balik, E, Tebala, G, Khalil, H, Rana, M, Khan, M, Florence, C, Swaminathan, C, Leo, C, Liasis, L, Watfah, J, Trostchansky, I, Delgado, E, Pontillo, M, Latifi, R, Coimbra, R, Edwards, S, Lopez, A, Velmahos, G, Dorken, A, Gebran, A, Palmer, A, Oury, J, Bardes, J, Seng, S, Coffua, L, Ratnasekera, A, Egodage, T, Echeverria-Rosario, K, Armento, I, Napolitano, L, Sangji, N, Hemmila, M, Quick, J, Austin, T, Hyman, T, Curtiss, W, Mcclure, A, Cairl, N, Biffl, W, Truong, H, Schaffer, K, Reames, S, Banchini, F, Capelli, P, Coccolini, F, Sartelli, M, Bravi, F, Vallicelli, C, Agnoletti, V, Baiocchi, G, Catena, F, Perrone G., Giuffrida M., Abu-Zidan F., Kruger V. F., Livrini M., Petracca G. L., Rossi G., Tarasconi A., Tian B. W. C. A., Bonati E., Mentz R., Mazzini F. N., Campana J. P., Gasser E., Kafka-Ritsch R., Felsenreich D. M., Dawoud C., Riss S., Gomes C. A., Gomes F. C., Gonzaga R. A. T., Canton C. A. B., Pereira B. M., Fraga G. P., Zem L. G., Cordeiro-Fonseca V., de Mesquita Tauil R., Atanasov B., Belev N., Kovachev N., Melendez L. J. J., Dimova A., Dimov S., Zelic Z., Augustin G., Bogdanic B., Moric T., Chouillard E., Bajul M., De Simone B., Panis Y., Esposito F., Notarnicola M., Lauka L., Fabbri A., Hentati H., Fnaiech I., Aurelien V., Bougard M., Roulet M., Demetrashvili Z., Pipia I., Merabishvili G., Bouliaris K., Koukoulis G., Doudakmanis C., Xenaki S., Chrysos E., Kokkinakis S., Vassiliu P., Michalopoulos N., Margaris I., Kechagias A., Avgerinos K., Katunin J., Lostoridis E., Nagorni E. -A., Pujante A., Mulita F., Maroulis I., Vailas M., Marinis A., Siannis I., Bourbouteli E., Manatakis D. K., Tasis N., Acheimastos V., Maria S., Stylianos K., Kuzeridis H., Korkolis D., Fradelos E., Kavalieratos G., Petropoulou T., Polydorou A., Papacostantinou I., Triantafyllou T., Kimpizi D., Theodorou D., Toutouzas K., Chamzin A., Frountzas M., Schizas D., Karavokyros I., Syllaios A., Charalabopoulos A., Boura M., Baili E., Ioannidis O., Loutzidou L., Anestiadou E., Tsouknidas I., Petrakis G., Polenta E., Bains L., Gupta R., Singh S. K., Khanduri A., Bala M., Kedar A., Pisano M., Podda M., Pisanu A., Martines G., Trigiante G., Lantone G., Agrusa A., Di Buono G., Buscemi S., Veroux M., Gioco R., Veroux G., Oragano L., Zonta S., Lovisetto F., Feo C. V., Pesce A., Fabbri N., Marino F., Perrone F., Vincenti L., Papagni V., Picciariello A., Rossi S., Picardi B., Del Monte S. R., Visconti D., Osella G., Petruzzelli L., Pignata G., Andreuccetti J., D'Alessio R., Buonfantino M., Guaitoli E., Spinelli S., Sampietro G. M., Corbellini C., Lorusso L., Frontali A., Pezzoli I., Bonomi A., Chierici A., Cotsoglou C., Manca G., Delvecchio A., Musa N., Casati M., Letizia L., Abate E., Ercolani G., D'Acapito F., Solaini L., Guercioni G., Cicconi S., Sasia D., Borghi F., Giraudo G., Sena G., Castaldo P., Cardamone E., Portale G., Zuin M., Spolverato Y., Esposito M., Isernia R. M., Di Salvo M., Manunza R., Esposito G., Agus M., Asti E. L. G., Bernardi D. T., Tonucci T. P., Luppi D., Casadei M., Bonilauri S., Pezzolla A., Panebianco A., Laforgia R., De Luca M., Zese M., Parini D., Jovine E., De Sario G., Lombardi R., Aprea G., Palomba G., Capuano M., Argenio G., Orio G., Armellino M. F., Troian M., Guerra M., Nagliati C., Biloslavo A., Germani P., Aizza G., Monsellato I., Chahrour A. C., Anania G., Bombardini C., Bagolini F., Sganga G., Fransvea P., Bianchi V., Boati P., Ferrara F., Palmieri F., Cianci P., Gattulli D., Restini E., Cillara N., Cannavera A., Nita G. E., Sarnari J., Roscio F., Clerici F., Scandroglio I., Berti S., Cadeo A., Filippelli A., Conti L., Grassi C., Cattaneo G. M., Pighin M., Papis D., Gambino G., Bertino V., Schifano D., Prando D., Fogato L., Cavallo F., Ansaloni L., Picheo R., Pontarolo N., Depalma N., Spampinato M., D'Ugo S., Lepre L., Capponi M. G., Campa R. D., Sarro G., Dinuzzi V. P., Olmi S., Uccelli M., Ferrari D., Inama M., Moretto G., Fontana M., Favi F., Picariello E., Rampini A., Barberis A., Azzinnaro A., Oliva A., Totaro L., Benzoni I., Ranieri V., Capolupo G. T., Carannante F., Caricato M., Ronconi M., Casiraghi S., Casole G., Pantalone D., Alemanno G., Scheiterle M., Ceresoli M., Cereda M., Fumagalli C., Zanzi F., Bolzon S., Guerra E., Lecchi F., Cellerino P., Ardito A., Scaramuzzo R., Balla A., Lepiane P., Tartaglia N., Ambrosi A., Pavone G., Palini G. M., Veneroni S., Garulli G., Ricci C., Torre B., Russo I. S., Rottoli M., Tanzanu M., Belvedere A., Milone M., Manigrasso M., De Palma G. D., Piccoli M., Pattacini G. C., Magnone S., Bertoli P., Massucco P., Palisi M., Luzzi A. -P., Fleres F., Clarizia G., Spolini A., Kobe Y., Toma T., Shimamura F., Parker R., Ranketi S., Mitei M., Svagzdys S., Pauzas H., Zilinskas J., Poskus T., Kryzauskas M., Jakubauskas M., Zakaria A. D., Zakaria Z., Wong M. P. -K., Jusoh A. C., Zakaria M. N., Cruz D. R., Elizalde A. B. R., Reynaud A. B., Hernandez E. E. L., Monroy J. M. V. P., Hinojosa-Ugarte D., Quiodettis M., Du Bois M. E., Latorraca J., Major P., Pedziwiatr M., Pisarska-Adamczyk M., Waledziak M., Kwiatkowski A., Czyzykowski L., da Costa S. D., Pereira B., Ferreira A. R. O., Almeida F., Rocha R., Carneiro C., Perez D. P., Carvas J., Rocha C., Ferreira C., Marques R., Fernandes U., Leao P., Goulart A., Pereira R. G., Patrocinio S. D. D., de Mendonca N. G. G., Manso M. I. C., Morais H. M. C., Cardoso P. S., Calu V., Miron A., Toma E. A., Gachabayov M., Abdullaev A., Litvin A., Nechay T., Tyagunov A., Yuldashev A., Bradley A., Wilson M., Panyko A., Lateckova Z., Lacko V., Lesko D., Soltes M., Radonak J., Turrado-Rodriguez V., Termes-Serra R., Morales-Sevillano X., Lapolla P., Mingoli A., Brachini G., Degiuli M., Sofia S., Reddavid R., de Manzoni Garberini A., Buffone A., del Pozo E. P., Aparicio-Sanchez D., Dos Barbeito S., Estaire-Gomez M., Viton-Herrero R., de los Angeles Gil Olarte-Marquez M. a., Gil-Martinez J., Alconchel F., Nicolas-Lopez T., Rahy-Martin A. C., Pelloni M., Banolas-Suarez R., Mendoza-Moreno F., Nisa F. G. -M., Diez-Alonso M., Rodas M. E. V., Agundez M. C., Andres M. I. P., Moreira C. C. L., Perez A. L., Ponce I. A., Gonzalez-Castillo A. M., Membrilla-Fernandez E., Salvans S., Serradilla-Martin M., Pardo P. S., Rivera-Alonso D., Dziakova J., Huguet J. M., Valle N. P., Ruiz E. C., Valcarcel C. R., Moreno C. R., Salazar Y. T. M., Garcia J. J. R., Mico S. S., Lopez J. R., Farre S. P., Gomez M. S., Petit N. M., Titos-Garcia A., Aranda-Narvaez J. M., Romacho-Lopez L., Sanchez-Guillen L., Aranaz-Ostariz V., Bosch-Ramirez M., Martinez-Perez A., Martinez-Lopez E., Sebastian-Tomas J. C., Jimenez-Riera G., Jimenez-Vega J., Cuellar J. A. N., Campos-Serra A., Munoz-Campana A., Gracia-Roman R., Alegre J. M., Pinto F. L., O'Sullivan S. N., Antona F. B., Jimenez B. M., Lopez-Sanchez J., Carmona Z. G., Fernandez R. T., Sierra I. B., de Leon L. R. G., Moreno V. P., Iglesias E., Cumplido P. L., Bravo A. A., Simo I. R., Dominguez C. L., Caamano A. G., Lozano R. C., Martinez M. D., Torres A. N., de Quiros J. T. M. B., Pellino G., Cloquell M. M., Moller E. G., Jalal-Eldin S., Abdoun A. K., Hamid H. K. S., Lohsiriwat V., Mongkhonsupphawan A., Baraket O., Ayed K., Abbassi I., Ali A. B., Ammar H., Kchaou A., Tlili A., Zribi I., Colak E., Polat S., Koylu Z. A., Guner A., Usta M. A., Reis M. E., Mantoglu B., Gonullu E., Akin E., Altintoprak F., Bayhan Z., Firat N., Isik A., Memis U., Bayrak M., Altintas Y., Kara Y., Bozkurt M. A., Kocatas A., Das K., Seker A., Ozer N., Atici S. D., Tuncer K., Kaya T., Ozkan Z., Ilhan O., Agackiran I., Uzunoglu M. Y., Demirbas E., Altinel Y., Meric S., Hacim N. A., Uymaz D. S., Omarov N., Balik E., Tebala G. D., Khalil H., Rana M., Khan M., Florence C., Swaminathan C., Leo C. A., Liasis L., Watfah J., Trostchansky I., Delgado E., Pontillo M., Latifi R., Coimbra R., Edwards S., Lopez A., Velmahos G., Dorken A., Gebran A., Palmer A., Oury J., Bardes J. M., Seng S. S., Coffua L. S., Ratnasekera A., Egodage T., Echeverria-Rosario K., Armento I., Napolitano L. M., Sangji N. F., Hemmila M., Quick J. A., Austin T. R., Hyman T. S., Curtiss W., McClure A., Cairl N., Biffl W. L., Truong H. P., Schaffer K., Reames S., Banchini F., Capelli P., Coccolini F., Sartelli M., Bravi F., Vallicelli C., Agnoletti V., Baiocchi G. L., Catena F., Perrone, G, Giuffrida, M, Abu-Zidan, F, Kruger, V, Livrini, M, Petracca, G, Rossi, G, Tarasconi, A, Tian, B, Bonati, E, Mentz, R, Mazzini, F, Campana, J, Gasser, E, Kafka-Ritsch, R, Felsenreich, D, Dawoud, C, Riss, S, Gomes, C, Gomes, F, Gonzaga, R, Canton, C, Pereira, B, Fraga, G, Zem, L, Cordeiro-Fonseca, V, de Mesquita Tauil, R, Atanasov, B, Belev, N, Kovachev, N, Melendez, L, Dimova, A, Dimov, S, Zelic, Z, Augustin, G, Bogdanic, B, Moric, T, Chouillard, E, Bajul, M, De Simone, B, Panis, Y, Esposito, F, Notarnicola, M, Lauka, L, Fabbri, A, Hentati, H, Fnaiech, I, Aurelien, V, Bougard, M, Roulet, M, Demetrashvili, Z, Pipia, I, Merabishvili, G, Bouliaris, K, Koukoulis, G, Doudakmanis, C, Xenaki, S, Chrysos, E, Kokkinakis, S, Vassiliu, P, Michalopoulos, N, Margaris, I, Kechagias, A, Avgerinos, K, Katunin, J, Lostoridis, E, Nagorni, E, Pujante, A, Mulita, F, Maroulis, I, Vailas, M, Marinis, A, Siannis, I, Bourbouteli, E, Manatakis, D, Tasis, N, Acheimastos, V, Maria, S, Stylianos, K, Kuzeridis, H, Korkolis, D, Fradelos, E, Kavalieratos, G, Petropoulou, T, Polydorou, A, Papacostantinou, I, Triantafyllou, T, Kimpizi, D, Theodorou, D, Toutouzas, K, Chamzin, A, Frountzas, M, Schizas, D, Karavokyros, I, Syllaios, A, Charalabopoulos, A, Boura, M, Baili, E, Ioannidis, O, Loutzidou, L, Anestiadou, E, Tsouknidas, I, Petrakis, G, Polenta, E, Bains, L, Gupta, R, Singh, S, Khanduri, A, Bala, M, Kedar, A, Pisano, M, Podda, M, Pisanu, A, Martines, G, Trigiante, G, Lantone, G, Agrusa, A, Di Buono, G, Buscemi, S, Veroux, M, Gioco, R, Veroux, G, Oragano, L, Zonta, S, Lovisetto, F, Feo, C, Pesce, A, Fabbri, N, Marino, F, Perrone, F, Vincenti, L, Papagni, V, Picciariello, A, Rossi, S, Picardi, B, Del Monte, S, Visconti, D, Osella, G, Petruzzelli, L, Pignata, G, Andreuccetti, J, D'Alessio, R, Buonfantino, M, Guaitoli, E, Spinelli, S, Sampietro, G, Corbellini, C, Lorusso, L, Frontali, A, Pezzoli, I, Bonomi, A, Chierici, A, Cotsoglou, C, Manca, G, Delvecchio, A, Musa, N, Casati, M, Letizia, L, Abate, E, Ercolani, G, D'Acapito, F, Solaini, L, Guercioni, G, Cicconi, S, Sasia, D, Borghi, F, Giraudo, G, Sena, G, Castaldo, P, Cardamone, E, Portale, G, Zuin, M, Spolverato, Y, Esposito, M, Isernia, R, Di Salvo, M, Manunza, R, Esposito, G, Agus, M, Asti, E, Bernardi, D, Tonucci, T, Luppi, D, Casadei, M, Bonilauri, S, Pezzolla, A, Panebianco, A, Laforgia, R, De Luca, M, Zese, M, Parini, D, Jovine, E, De Sario, G, Lombardi, R, Aprea, G, Palomba, G, Capuano, M, Argenio, G, Orio, G, Armellino, M, Troian, M, Guerra, M, Nagliati, C, Biloslavo, A, Germani, P, Aizza, G, Monsellato, I, Chahrour, A, Anania, G, Bombardini, C, Bagolini, F, Sganga, G, Fransvea, P, Bianchi, V, Boati, P, Ferrara, F, Palmieri, F, Cianci, P, Gattulli, D, Restini, E, Cillara, N, Cannavera, A, Nita, G, Sarnari, J, Roscio, F, Clerici, F, Scandroglio, I, Berti, S, Cadeo, A, Filippelli, A, Conti, L, Grassi, C, Cattaneo, G, Pighin, M, Papis, D, Gambino, G, Bertino, V, Schifano, D, Prando, D, Fogato, L, Cavallo, F, Ansaloni, L, Picheo, R, Pontarolo, N, Depalma, N, Spampinato, M, D'Ugo, S, Lepre, L, Capponi, M, Campa, R, Sarro, G, Dinuzzi, V, Olmi, S, Uccelli, M, Ferrari, D, Inama, M, Moretto, G, Fontana, M, Favi, F, Picariello, E, Rampini, A, Barberis, A, Azzinnaro, A, Oliva, A, Totaro, L, Benzoni, I, Ranieri, V, Capolupo, G, Carannante, F, Caricato, M, Ronconi, M, Casiraghi, S, Casole, G, Pantalone, D, Alemanno, G, Scheiterle, M, Ceresoli, M, Cereda, M, Fumagalli, C, Zanzi, F, Bolzon, S, Guerra, E, Lecchi, F, Cellerino, P, Ardito, A, Scaramuzzo, R, Balla, A, Lepiane, P, Tartaglia, N, Ambrosi, A, Pavone, G, Palini, G, Veneroni, S, Garulli, G, Ricci, C, Torre, B, Russo, I, Rottoli, M, Tanzanu, M, Belvedere, A, Milone, M, Manigrasso, M, De Palma, G, Piccoli, M, Pattacini, G, Magnone, S, Bertoli, P, Massucco, P, Palisi, M, Luzzi, A, Fleres, F, Clarizia, G, Spolini, A, Kobe, Y, Toma, T, Shimamura, F, Parker, R, Ranketi, S, Mitei, M, Svagzdys, S, Pauzas, H, Zilinskas, J, Poskus, T, Kryzauskas, M, Jakubauskas, M, Zakaria, A, Zakaria, Z, Wong, M, Jusoh, A, Zakaria, M, Cruz, D, Elizalde, A, Reynaud, A, Hernandez, E, Monroy, J, Hinojosa-Ugarte, D, Quiodettis, M, Du Bois, M, Latorraca, J, Major, P, Pedziwiatr, M, Pisarska-Adamczyk, M, Waledziak, M, Kwiatkowski, A, Czyzykowski, L, da Costa, S, Ferreira, A, Almeida, F, Rocha, R, Carneiro, C, Perez, D, Carvas, J, Rocha, C, Ferreira, C, Marques, R, Fernandes, U, Leao, P, Goulart, A, Pereira, R, Patrocinio, S, de Mendonca, N, Manso, M, Morais, H, Cardoso, P, Calu, V, Miron, A, Toma, E, Gachabayov, M, Abdullaev, A, Litvin, A, Nechay, T, Tyagunov, A, Yuldashev, A, Bradley, A, Wilson, M, Panyko, A, Lateckova, Z, Lacko, V, Lesko, D, Soltes, M, Radonak, J, Turrado-Rodriguez, V, Termes-Serra, R, Morales-Sevillano, X, Lapolla, P, Mingoli, A, Brachini, G, Degiuli, M, Sofia, S, Reddavid, R, de Manzoni Garberini, A, Buffone, A, del Pozo, E, Aparicio-Sanchez, D, Dos Barbeito, S, Estaire-Gomez, M, Viton-Herrero, R, de los Angeles Gil Olarte-Marquez, M, Gil-Martinez, J, Alconchel, F, Nicolas-Lopez, T, Rahy-Martin, A, Pelloni, M, Banolas-Suarez, R, Mendoza-Moreno, F, Nisa, F, Diez-Alonso, M, Rodas, M, Agundez, M, Andres, M, Moreira, C, Perez, A, Ponce, I, Gonzalez-Castillo, A, Membrilla-Fernandez, E, Salvans, S, Serradilla-Martin, M, Pardo, P, Rivera-Alonso, D, Dziakova, J, Huguet, J, Valle, N, Ruiz, E, Valcarcel, C, Moreno, C, Salazar, Y, Garcia, J, Mico, S, Lopez, J, Farre, S, Gomez, M, Petit, N, Titos-Garcia, A, Aranda-Narvaez, J, Romacho-Lopez, L, Sanchez-Guillen, L, Aranaz-Ostariz, V, Bosch-Ramirez, M, Martinez-Perez, A, Martinez-Lopez, E, Sebastian-Tomas, J, Jimenez-Riera, G, Jimenez-Vega, J, Cuellar, J, Campos-Serra, A, Munoz-Campana, A, Gracia-Roman, R, Alegre, J, Pinto, F, O'Sullivan, S, Antona, F, Jimenez, B, Lopez-Sanchez, J, Carmona, Z, Fernandez, R, Sierra, I, de Leon, L, Moreno, V, Iglesias, E, Cumplido, P, Bravo, A, Simo, I, Dominguez, C, Caamano, A, Lozano, R, Martinez, M, Torres, A, de Quiros, J, Pellino, G, Cloquell, M, Moller, E, Jalal-Eldin, S, Abdoun, A, Hamid, H, Lohsiriwat, V, Mongkhonsupphawan, A, Baraket, O, Ayed, K, Abbassi, I, Ali, A, Ammar, H, Kchaou, A, Tlili, A, Zribi, I, Colak, E, Polat, S, Koylu, Z, Guner, A, Usta, M, Reis, M, Mantoglu, B, Gonullu, E, Akin, E, Altintoprak, F, Bayhan, Z, Firat, N, Isik, A, Memis, U, Bayrak, M, Altintas, Y, Kara, Y, Bozkurt, M, Kocatas, A, Das, K, Seker, A, Ozer, N, Atici, S, Tuncer, K, Kaya, T, Ozkan, Z, Ilhan, O, Agackiran, I, Uzunoglu, M, Demirbas, E, Altinel, Y, Meric, S, Hacim, N, Uymaz, D, Omarov, N, Balik, E, Tebala, G, Khalil, H, Rana, M, Khan, M, Florence, C, Swaminathan, C, Leo, C, Liasis, L, Watfah, J, Trostchansky, I, Delgado, E, Pontillo, M, Latifi, R, Coimbra, R, Edwards, S, Lopez, A, Velmahos, G, Dorken, A, Gebran, A, Palmer, A, Oury, J, Bardes, J, Seng, S, Coffua, L, Ratnasekera, A, Egodage, T, Echeverria-Rosario, K, Armento, I, Napolitano, L, Sangji, N, Hemmila, M, Quick, J, Austin, T, Hyman, T, Curtiss, W, Mcclure, A, Cairl, N, Biffl, W, Truong, H, Schaffer, K, Reames, S, Banchini, F, Capelli, P, Coccolini, F, Sartelli, M, Bravi, F, Vallicelli, C, Agnoletti, V, Baiocchi, G, Catena, F, Perrone G., Giuffrida M., Abu-Zidan F., Kruger V. F., Livrini M., Petracca G. L., Rossi G., Tarasconi A., Tian B. W. C. A., Bonati E., Mentz R., Mazzini F. N., Campana J. P., Gasser E., Kafka-Ritsch R., Felsenreich D. M., Dawoud C., Riss S., Gomes C. A., Gomes F. C., Gonzaga R. A. T., Canton C. A. B., Pereira B. M., Fraga G. P., Zem L. G., Cordeiro-Fonseca V., de Mesquita Tauil R., Atanasov B., Belev N., Kovachev N., Melendez L. J. J., Dimova A., Dimov S., Zelic Z., Augustin G., Bogdanic B., Moric T., Chouillard E., Bajul M., De Simone B., Panis Y., Esposito F., Notarnicola M., Lauka L., Fabbri A., Hentati H., Fnaiech I., Aurelien V., Bougard M., Roulet M., Demetrashvili Z., Pipia I., Merabishvili G., Bouliaris K., Koukoulis G., Doudakmanis C., Xenaki S., Chrysos E., Kokkinakis S., Vassiliu P., Michalopoulos N., Margaris I., Kechagias A., Avgerinos K., Katunin J., Lostoridis E., Nagorni E. -A., Pujante A., Mulita F., Maroulis I., Vailas M., Marinis A., Siannis I., Bourbouteli E., Manatakis D. K., Tasis N., Acheimastos V., Maria S., Stylianos K., Kuzeridis H., Korkolis D., Fradelos E., Kavalieratos G., Petropoulou T., Polydorou A., Papacostantinou I., Triantafyllou T., Kimpizi D., Theodorou D., Toutouzas K., Chamzin A., Frountzas M., Schizas D., Karavokyros I., Syllaios A., Charalabopoulos A., Boura M., Baili E., Ioannidis O., Loutzidou L., Anestiadou E., Tsouknidas I., Petrakis G., Polenta E., Bains L., Gupta R., Singh S. K., Khanduri A., Bala M., Kedar A., Pisano M., Podda M., Pisanu A., Martines G., Trigiante G., Lantone G., Agrusa A., Di Buono G., Buscemi S., Veroux M., Gioco R., Veroux G., Oragano L., Zonta S., Lovisetto F., Feo C. V., Pesce A., Fabbri N., Marino F., Perrone F., Vincenti L., Papagni V., Picciariello A., Rossi S., Picardi B., Del Monte S. R., Visconti D., Osella G., Petruzzelli L., Pignata G., Andreuccetti J., D'Alessio R., Buonfantino M., Guaitoli E., Spinelli S., Sampietro G. M., Corbellini C., Lorusso L., Frontali A., Pezzoli I., Bonomi A., Chierici A., Cotsoglou C., Manca G., Delvecchio A., Musa N., Casati M., Letizia L., Abate E., Ercolani G., D'Acapito F., Solaini L., Guercioni G., Cicconi S., Sasia D., Borghi F., Giraudo G., Sena G., Castaldo P., Cardamone E., Portale G., Zuin M., Spolverato Y., Esposito M., Isernia R. M., Di Salvo M., Manunza R., Esposito G., Agus M., Asti E. L. G., Bernardi D. T., Tonucci T. P., Luppi D., Casadei M., Bonilauri S., Pezzolla A., Panebianco A., Laforgia R., De Luca M., Zese M., Parini D., Jovine E., De Sario G., Lombardi R., Aprea G., Palomba G., Capuano M., Argenio G., Orio G., Armellino M. F., Troian M., Guerra M., Nagliati C., Biloslavo A., Germani P., Aizza G., Monsellato I., Chahrour A. C., Anania G., Bombardini C., Bagolini F., Sganga G., Fransvea P., Bianchi V., Boati P., Ferrara F., Palmieri F., Cianci P., Gattulli D., Restini E., Cillara N., Cannavera A., Nita G. E., Sarnari J., Roscio F., Clerici F., Scandroglio I., Berti S., Cadeo A., Filippelli A., Conti L., Grassi C., Cattaneo G. M., Pighin M., Papis D., Gambino G., Bertino V., Schifano D., Prando D., Fogato L., Cavallo F., Ansaloni L., Picheo R., Pontarolo N., Depalma N., Spampinato M., D'Ugo S., Lepre L., Capponi M. G., Campa R. D., Sarro G., Dinuzzi V. P., Olmi S., Uccelli M., Ferrari D., Inama M., Moretto G., Fontana M., Favi F., Picariello E., Rampini A., Barberis A., Azzinnaro A., Oliva A., Totaro L., Benzoni I., Ranieri V., Capolupo G. T., Carannante F., Caricato M., Ronconi M., Casiraghi S., Casole G., Pantalone D., Alemanno G., Scheiterle M., Ceresoli M., Cereda M., Fumagalli C., Zanzi F., Bolzon S., Guerra E., Lecchi F., Cellerino P., Ardito A., Scaramuzzo R., Balla A., Lepiane P., Tartaglia N., Ambrosi A., Pavone G., Palini G. M., Veneroni S., Garulli G., Ricci C., Torre B., Russo I. S., Rottoli M., Tanzanu M., Belvedere A., Milone M., Manigrasso M., De Palma G. D., Piccoli M., Pattacini G. C., Magnone S., Bertoli P., Massucco P., Palisi M., Luzzi A. -P., Fleres F., Clarizia G., Spolini A., Kobe Y., Toma T., Shimamura F., Parker R., Ranketi S., Mitei M., Svagzdys S., Pauzas H., Zilinskas J., Poskus T., Kryzauskas M., Jakubauskas M., Zakaria A. D., Zakaria Z., Wong M. P. -K., Jusoh A. C., Zakaria M. N., Cruz D. R., Elizalde A. B. R., Reynaud A. B., Hernandez E. E. L., Monroy J. M. V. P., Hinojosa-Ugarte D., Quiodettis M., Du Bois M. E., Latorraca J., Major P., Pedziwiatr M., Pisarska-Adamczyk M., Waledziak M., Kwiatkowski A., Czyzykowski L., da Costa S. D., Pereira B., Ferreira A. R. O., Almeida F., Rocha R., Carneiro C., Perez D. P., Carvas J., Rocha C., Ferreira C., Marques R., Fernandes U., Leao P., Goulart A., Pereira R. G., Patrocinio S. D. D., de Mendonca N. G. G., Manso M. I. C., Morais H. M. C., Cardoso P. S., Calu V., Miron A., Toma E. A., Gachabayov M., Abdullaev A., Litvin A., Nechay T., Tyagunov A., Yuldashev A., Bradley A., Wilson M., Panyko A., Lateckova Z., Lacko V., Lesko D., Soltes M., Radonak J., Turrado-Rodriguez V., Termes-Serra R., Morales-Sevillano X., Lapolla P., Mingoli A., Brachini G., Degiuli M., Sofia S., Reddavid R., de Manzoni Garberini A., Buffone A., del Pozo E. P., Aparicio-Sanchez D., Dos Barbeito S., Estaire-Gomez M., Viton-Herrero R., de los Angeles Gil Olarte-Marquez M. a., Gil-Martinez J., Alconchel F., Nicolas-Lopez T., Rahy-Martin A. C., Pelloni M., Banolas-Suarez R., Mendoza-Moreno F., Nisa F. G. -M., Diez-Alonso M., Rodas M. E. V., Agundez M. C., Andres M. I. P., Moreira C. C. L., Perez A. L., Ponce I. A., Gonzalez-Castillo A. M., Membrilla-Fernandez E., Salvans S., Serradilla-Martin M., Pardo P. S., Rivera-Alonso D., Dziakova J., Huguet J. M., Valle N. P., Ruiz E. C., Valcarcel C. R., Moreno C. R., Salazar Y. T. M., Garcia J. J. R., Mico S. S., Lopez J. R., Farre S. P., Gomez M. S., Petit N. M., Titos-Garcia A., Aranda-Narvaez J. M., Romacho-Lopez L., Sanchez-Guillen L., Aranaz-Ostariz V., Bosch-Ramirez M., Martinez-Perez A., Martinez-Lopez E., Sebastian-Tomas J. C., Jimenez-Riera G., Jimenez-Vega J., Cuellar J. A. N., Campos-Serra A., Munoz-Campana A., Gracia-Roman R., Alegre J. M., Pinto F. L., O'Sullivan S. N., Antona F. B., Jimenez B. M., Lopez-Sanchez J., Carmona Z. G., Fernandez R. T., Sierra I. B., de Leon L. R. G., Moreno V. P., Iglesias E., Cumplido P. L., Bravo A. A., Simo I. R., Dominguez C. L., Caamano A. G., Lozano R. C., Martinez M. D., Torres A. N., de Quiros J. T. M. B., Pellino G., Cloquell M. M., Moller E. G., Jalal-Eldin S., Abdoun A. K., Hamid H. K. S., Lohsiriwat V., Mongkhonsupphawan A., Baraket O., Ayed K., Abbassi I., Ali A. B., Ammar H., Kchaou A., Tlili A., Zribi I., Colak E., Polat S., Koylu Z. A., Guner A., Usta M. A., Reis M. E., Mantoglu B., Gonullu E., Akin E., Altintoprak F., Bayhan Z., Firat N., Isik A., Memis U., Bayrak M., Altintas Y., Kara Y., Bozkurt M. A., Kocatas A., Das K., Seker A., Ozer N., Atici S. D., Tuncer K., Kaya T., Ozkan Z., Ilhan O., Agackiran I., Uzunoglu M. Y., Demirbas E., Altinel Y., Meric S., Hacim N. A., Uymaz D. S., Omarov N., Balik E., Tebala G. D., Khalil H., Rana M., Khan M., Florence C., Swaminathan C., Leo C. A., Liasis L., Watfah J., Trostchansky I., Delgado E., Pontillo M., Latifi R., Coimbra R., Edwards S., Lopez A., Velmahos G., Dorken A., Gebran A., Palmer A., Oury J., Bardes J. M., Seng S. S., Coffua L. S., Ratnasekera A., Egodage T., Echeverria-Rosario K., Armento I., Napolitano L. M., Sangji N. F., Hemmila M., Quick J. A., Austin T. R., Hyman T. S., Curtiss W., McClure A., Cairl N., Biffl W. L., Truong H. P., Schaffer K., Reames S., Banchini F., Capelli P., Coccolini F., Sartelli M., Bravi F., Vallicelli C., Agnoletti V., Baiocchi G. L., and Catena F.

Abstract

Background: Literature suggests colonic resection and primary anastomosis (RPA) instead of Hartmann’s procedure (HP) for the treatment of left-sided colonic emergencies. We aim to evaluate the surgical options globally used to treat patients with acute left-sided colonic emergencies and the factors that leading to the choice of treatment, comparing HP and RPA. Methods: This is a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. A total 1215 patients with left-sided colonic emergencies who required surgery were included from 204 centers during the period of March 1, 2020, to May 31, 2020. with a 1-year follow-up. Results: 564 patients (43.1%) were females. The mean age was 65.9 ± 15.6 years. HP was performed in 697 (57.3%) patients and RPA in 384 (31.6%) cases. Complicated acute diverticulitis was the most common cause of left-sided colonic emergencies (40.2%), followed by colorectal malignancy (36.6%). Severe complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3b) were higher in the HP group (P < 0.001). 30-day mortality was higher in HP patients (13.7%), especially in case of bowel perforation and diffused peritonitis. 1-year follow-up showed no differences on ostomy reversal rate between HP and RPA. (P = 0.127). A backward likelihood logistic regression model showed that RPA was preferred in younger patients, having low ASA score (≤ 3), in case of large bowel obstruction, absence of colonic ischemia, longer time from admission to surgery, operating early at the day working hours, by a surgeon who performed more than 50 colorectal resections. Conclusions: After 100 years since the first Hartmann’s procedure, HP remains the most common treatment for left-sided colorectal emergencies. Treatment’s choice depends on patient characteristics, the time of surgery and the experience of the surgeon. RPA should be considered as the gold standard for surgery, with HP being an exception.

Published
2024

11. Process Parameter Optimisation in Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Duplex Stainless Steel 2205.

Author

Mayoral, N., Medina, L., Rodríguez-Aparicio, R., Díaz, A., Alegre, J. M., and Cuesta, I. I.

Subjects
SELECTIVE laser melting, MANUFACTURING processes, ALLOYS, HEAT treatment, PROCESS optimization
Abstract

Additive Manufacturing (AM) appears as a very interesting alternative to conventional production routes for alloys and metals, thanks to the fact that at the end of printing, the final product is obtained directly. The present article looks for the inclusion of duplex stainless steel 2205 (DSS-2205) in the commercial catalog of steels utilized in powder bed fusion (PBF) technologies, specifically applying the selective laser melting (SLM) technique. The main objective is to establish optimal printing parameters that reproduce the closest results to the base material properties. To achieve this, the response surface method was used in the methodology and experimental design, studying the parameters of laser power, scanning speed, and hatching distance. A reference material, machined from a hot-rolled plate, was utilized to compare the results obtained through tensile strength. Lastly, the optimal parameters have been obtained for this stainless steel. Additionally, a study of heat treatments has been developed, aiming to optimize the austenitization process, achieving an improvement in mechanical properties. A steel with mechanical properties practically identical to those of steel produced using conventional techniques has been obtained through SLM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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30. Polymer pre-notched small punch specimens to evaluate the essential work of fracture (EWF) parameters.

Author

Cuesta, I. I., Alegre, J. M., and Ortega-López, V.

Subjects
*FRACTURE mechanics, *POLYMERS, *TENSILE strength, *STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics), *STRUCTURAL plates
Abstract

Standardized deeply double edge notched tensile specimens (DDEN-T) have been usually used to assess fracture properties in thin polymer plates under plane stress conditions. The methodology is based on a multi specimen technique and is well known as the essential work of fracture (EWF) method. In some special circumstances these standard specimens cannot be machined as could be the case if the material is limited. A possible solution proposed in this paper could be the use of pre-notched small punch test specimens, in which the aim is to establish the feasibility of using pre-notched SPT specimens for evaluating the essential work of fracture parameters. The results obtained with these miniature specimens have been compared with those obtained from standard DDEN-T specimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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31. Determination of the fracture properties of metallic materials using pre-cracked small punch tests.

Author

Alegre, J. M., Cuesta, I. I., and Barbachano, H. L.

Subjects
*NOTCH effect, *LASER beam cutting, *SCANNING electron microscopes, *STAINLESS steel fractures, *CRACK initiation (Fracture mechanics)
Abstract

ABSTRACT In this paper, the use of pre-cracked small punch test (p-SPT) miniature specimens to obtain the fracture parameters of a material is presented. The geometry of the specimens used was square of 10 × 10 mm with a thickness of 0.5 mm. An initial crack-like notch was created in the SPT specimens by means of a laser micro-cutting technique. In order to obtain the fracture parameters from p-SPT specimens three different approaches have been considered here. The first approach is based on the crack tip opening displacement concept, the second is based on the measure of the fracture energy using the area under the load-displacement curve for different crack sizes, and the third approach is based on the direct numerical simulation of the p-SPT specimen and the numerical calculation of the J-integral. In order to study the crack initiation in these p-SPT specimens, several interrupted tests and the subsequent scanning electron microscope analysis have been carried out. The results indicate that p-SPT specimens can be used as an alternative method for determining the fracture properties of a material in those cases where there is not enough material to undertake conventional fracture tests. For these p-SPT specimens, the multi-specimen method for the determination of the fracture energy is the most promising approach. The results indicate that this small specimen size allows the value of the material toughness, under low constraint conditions to be obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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34. Identification, characterization and analysis of expression of genes encoding arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferases in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum.

Author

Barberà, M., Mengual, B., Collantes‐Alegre, J. M., Cortés, T., González, A., and Martínez‐Torres, D.

Subjects
GENE expression, ARYLALKYLAMINE N-acetyltransferase, PEA aphid, CIRCADIAN rhythms, MELATONIN, PHOTOPERIODISM
Abstract

Most organisms exhibit some kind of rhythmicity in their behaviour and/or physiology as an adaptation to the cyclical movements of the Earth. In addition to circadian rhythms, many organisms have an annual rhythmicity in certain activities, such as reproduction, migration or induction of diapause. Current knowledge of the molecular basis controlling seasonal rhythmicity, especially in insects, is scarce. One element that seems to play an essential role in the maintenance of both circadian and seasonal rhythms in vertebrates is the hormone melatonin. In vertebrates, the limiting enzyme in its synthesis is the arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase ( AANAT). Melatonin is also present in insects but the precise biochemical pathway and the enzymes involved in its synthesis are unknown. Insects possess phylogenetically distant arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferases but their involvement in melatonin synthesis still needs to be fully demonstrated. Aphids have a seasonally rhythmical life cycle, reproducing parthenogenetically by viviparity in favourable seasons but, in unfavourable seasons, they produce a single generation of sexual individuals. The length of the photoperiod is the main environmental factor that controls the mode of reproduction in aphids. Taking advantage of the availability of the genome of the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum, we searched for genes encoding aphid arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase homologues that could be candidates for participation in seasonal rhythmicity. We identified four AANAT genes, of which at least two ( Ap- AANAT1 and Ap- AANAT3) showed highly significant variation in transcription levels depending on the photoperiod conditions. These results are discussed in the context of how seasonality can be controlled in aphids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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36. Trends and outcome of neoadjuvant treatment for rectal cancer: A retrospective analysis and critical assessment of a 10-year prospective national registry on behalf of the Spanish Rectal Cancer Project

Author

Gianluca Pellino, Rafael Alós, Sebastiano Biondo, Antonio Codina-Cazador, José María Enríquez-Navascues, Eloy Espín-Basany, José Vicente Roig-Vila, Andrés Cervantes, Eduardo García-Granero, Raúl Adell Carceller, Juan Guillermo Ais Conde, Evelio Alonso Alonso, Antonio Amaya Cortijo, Antonio Arroyo Sebastian, Pedro Barra Baños, Ricard Batlle Solé, Juan C. Bernal Sprekelsen, Francisco J. Blanco Gonzalez, Santiago Blanco, J. Bollo, Nieves Cáceres Alvarado, Ignasi Camps Ausas, Ramon Cantero Cid, José Antonio Carmona Saez, Enrique Casal Nuñez, Luis Cristobal Capitán Morales, Guillermo Carreño Villarreal, Jesús Cifuentes Tebar, Miguel Á. Ciga Lozano, Antonio Codina Cazador, Juan de Dios Franco Osorio, María de la Vega Olías, Mario de Miguel Velasco, Sergio Rodrigo del Valle, José G. Díaz Mejías, José M. Díaz Pavón, Javier Die Trill, José L. Dominguez Tristancho, Paula Dujovne Lindenbaum, José Errasti Alustiza, Alejandro Espí Macias, Eloy Espín Basany, Rafael Estévan Estévan, Alfredo M. Estevez Diz, Luis Flores, Domenico Fraccalvieri, Alessandro Garcea, Mauricio García Alonso, Miguel Garcia Botella, Maria José García Coret, Alfonso García Fadrique, José M. García García, Jacinto García García, Jesús Á. Garijo Alvarez, José Gomez Barbadillo, Fernando Gris, Verónica Gumbau, Javier Gutierrez, Pilar Hernandez Casanovas, Daniel Huerga Alvarez, Ana M. Huidobro Piriz, Francisco Javier Jimenez Miramón, Ana Lage Laredo, Alberto Lamiquiz Vallejo, Félix Lluis Casajuana, Manuel López Lara, Juan A. Lujan Mompean, María Victoria Maestre, Eva Martí Martínez, M. Martinez, Javier Martinez Alegre, Gabriel Martínez Gallego, Roberto Martinez Pardavila, Olga Maseda Díaz, Mónica Millan Schedling, Benito Mirón, José Monzón Abad, José A. Múgica Martinera, Francisco Olivet Pujol, Mónica Orelogio Orozco, Luis Ortiz de Zarate, Rosana Palasí Gimenez, Natividad Palencia García, Pablo Palma Carazo, Alberto Parajo Calvo, Jesús Paredes Cotore, Carlos Pastor Idoate, Miguel Pera Roman, Francisco Pérez Benítez, José A. Pérez García, Marta Piñol Pascual, Isabel Prieto Nieto, Ricardo Rada Morgades, Mónica Reig Pérez, Ángel Reina Duarte, Didac Ribé Serrat, Xavier Rodamilans, María D. Ruiz Carmona, Marcos Rodriguez Martin, Francisco Romero Aceituno, Jesús Salas Martínez, Ginés Sánchez de la Villa, Inmaculada Segura Jimenez, José Enrique Sierra Grañon, Amparo Solana Bueno, Albert Sueiras Gil, Teresa Torres Sanchez, Natalia Uribe Quintana, Javier Valdés Hernández, Fancesc Vallribera, Vicent Viciano Pascual, Pellino, G., Alos, R., Biondo, S., Codina-Cazador, A., Enriquez-Navascues, J. M., Espin-Basany, E., Roig-Vila, J. V., Cervantes, A., Garcia-Granero, E., Carceller, R. A., Ais Conde, J. G., Alonso, E. A., Cortijo, A. A., Sebastian, A. A., Banos, P. B., Sole, R. B., Bernal Sprekelsen, J. C., Blanco Gonzalez, F. J., Blanco, S., Bollo, J., Alvarado, N. C., Ausas, I. C., Cid, R. C., Carmona Saez, J. A., Nunez, E. C., Capitan Morales, L. C., Villarreal, G. C., Tebar, J. C., Ciga Lozano, M. A., Cazador, A. C., de Dios Franco Osorio, J., Olias, M. D. L. V., de Miguel Velasco, M., Rodrigo del Valle, S., Diaz Mejias, J. G., Diaz Pavon, J. M., Trill, J. D., Dominguez Tristancho, J. L., Lindenbaum, P. D., Alustiza, J. E., Macias, A. E., Basany, E. E., Estevan, R. E., Estevez Diz, A. M., Flores, L., Fraccalvieri, D., Garcea, A., Alonso, M. G., Botella, M. G., Garcia Coret, M. J., Fadrique, A. G., Garcia Garcia, J. M., Garcia, J. G., Garijo Alvarez, J. A., Barbadillo, J. G., Gris, F., Gumbau, V., Gutierrez, J., Casanovas, P. H., Alvarez, D. H., Huidobro Piriz, A. M., Jimenez Miramon, F. J., Laredo, A. L., Vallejo, A. L., Casajuana, F. L., Lara, M. L., Lujan Mompean, J. A., Maestre, M. V., Martinez, E. M., Martinez, M., Alegre, J. M., Gallego, G. M., Pardavila, R. M., Diaz, O. M., Schedling, M. M., Miron, B., Abad, J. M., Mugica Martinera, J. A., Pujol, F. O., Orozco, M. O., Ortiz de Zarate, L., Gimenez, R. P., Garcia, N. P., Carazo, P. P., Calvo, A. P., Cotore, J. P., Idoate, C. P., Roman, M. P., Benitez, F. P., Perez Garcia, J. A., Pascual, M. P., Nieto, I. P., Morgades, R. R., Perez, M. R., Duarte, A. R., Serrat, D. R., Rodamilans, X., Ruiz Carmona, M. D., Martin, M. R., Aceituno, F. R., Martinez, J. S., Sanchez de la Villa, G., Jimenez, I. S., Sierra Granon, J. E., Bueno, A. S., Gil, A. S., Sanchez, T. T., Quintana, N. U., Hernandez, J. V., Vallribera, F., and Pascual, V. V.

Subjects
Male, Survival, Colorectal cancer, medicine.medical_treatment, T stage, 030230 surgery, TNM, 0302 clinical medicine, Registries, Stage (cooking), Rectal cancer, Aged, 80 and over, Margins of Excision, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Neoadjuvant Therapy, Survival Rate, medicine.anatomical_structure, Treatment Outcome, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Neoadjuvant treatment, Prognosi, Rectum, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, medicine, Adjuvant therapy, Humans, Chemotherapy, Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Retrospective Studies, Radiotherapy, business.industry, Rectal Neoplasms, Cancer, Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant, medicine.disease, Surgery, Radiation therapy, Spain, T-stage, business, Follow-Up Studies, Forecasting
Abstract

Introduction: Preoperative treatment and adequate surgery increase local control in rectal cancer. However, modalities and indications for neoadjuvant treatment may be controversial. Aim of this study was to assess the trends of preoperative treatment and outcomes in patients with rectal cancer included in the Rectal Cancer Registry of the Spanish Associations of Surgeons. Method: This is a STROBE-compliant retrospective analysis of a prospective database. All patients operated on with curative intention included in the Rectal Cancer Registry were included. Analyses were performed to compare the use of neoadjuvant/adjuvant treatment in three timeframes: I)2006–2009; II)2010–2013; III)2014–2017. Survival analyses were run for 3-year survival in timeframes I-II. Results: Out of 14, 391 patients, 8871 (61.6%) received neoadjuvant treatment. Long-course chemo/radiotherapy was the most used approach (79.9%), followed by short-course radiotherapy ± chemotherapy (7.6%). The use of neoadjuvant treatment for cancer of the upper third (15-11 cm) increased over time (31.5%vs 34.5%vs 38.6%, p = 0.0018). The complete regression rate slightly increased over time (15.6% vs 16% vs 18.5%; p = 0.0093); the proportion of patients with involved circumferential resection margins (CRM) went down from 8.2% to 7.3%and 5.5% (p = 0.0004). Neoadjuvant treatment significantly decreased positive CRM in lower third tumors (OR 0.71, 0.59–0.87, Cochrane-Mantel-Haenszel P = 0.0008). Most ypN0 patients also received adjuvant therapy. In MR-defined stage III patients, preoperative treatment was associated with significantly longer local-recurrence-free survival (p < 0.0001), and cancer-specific survival (p < 0.0001). The survival benefit was smaller in upper third cancers. Conclusion: There was an increasing trend and a potential overuse of neoadjuvant treatment in cancer of the upper rectum. Most ypN0 patients received postoperative treatment. Involvement of CRM in lower third tumors was reduced after neoadjuvant treatment. Stage III and MRcN + benefited the most.

Published
2020

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