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Resume But de l’etude Cette etude multicentrique europeenne a pour objectif de comparer les resultats de la cœlioscopie versus la laparotomie realisees pour la resection de carcinomes angulaires coliques gauches (CACG). Patients et methodes Des patients presentant un CACG et necessitant une chirurgie curative par cœlioscopie (COELIO) ou laparotomie (LAP) entre 2000 et 2018 ont ete inclus. Trois types d’intervention ont ete consideres : la colectomie droite elargie, la colectomie gauche et la resection angulaire gauche. Les groupes COELIO et LAP ont ete apparies selon le score de propension et compares avec les tests du Chi-2, Mann–Whitney et des modeles de regression multivariee. La survie globale et la survie sans recidive ont ete evaluees avec la methode de Kaplan–Meier. Resultats La population d’etude etait composee de 399 patients, dont 297 operes par COELIO et 102 par LAP. Une Colectomie droite etendue a ete realisee dans 35,8 % des cas, une Colectomie gauche dans 32,8 % et une Resection angulaire gauche dans 31,4 %. Apres appariement selon le score de propension, les groupes COELIO (n = 64) et LAP (n = 64) etaient comparables pour toutes les variables preoperatoires et les caracteristiques tumorales. Le groupe COELIO a montre des pertes sanguines moindres et un temps de reprise de transit et de l’alimentation plus court par rapport au groupe LAP quelle que soit la technique de resection. Il n’y avait pas de differences entre les groupes en termes de survie globale et survie sans recidive a 5 ans. Conclusion Ces resultats sont en faveur a l’application de la cœlioscopie pour la resection des CACG.

Background In contrast to adults, the situation for pediatric trauma care from an international point of view and the global management of severely injured children remain rather unclear. The current study investigates structural management of pediatric trauma in centers of different trauma levels as well as experiences with pediatric trauma management around the world. Methods A web-survey had been distributed to the global mailing list of the World Society of Emergency Surgery from 10/2021–03/2022, investigating characteristics of respondents and affiliated hospitals, case-load of pediatric trauma patients, capacities and infrastructure for critical care in children, trauma team composition, clinical work-up and individual experiences with pediatric trauma management in response to patients´ age. The collaboration group was subdivided regarding sizes of affiliated hospitals to allow comparisons concerning hospital volumes. Comparable results were conducted to statistical analysis. Results A total of 133 participants from 34 countries, i.e. 5 continents responded to the survey. They were most commonly affiliated with larger hospitals (> 500 beds in 72.9%) and with level I or II trauma centers (82.0%), respectively. 74.4% of hospitals offer unrestricted pediatric medical care, but only 63.2% and 42.9% of the participants had sufficient experiences with trauma care in children ≤ 10 and ≤ 5 years of age (p = 0.0014). This situation is aggravated in participants from smaller hospitals (p 500 in-hospital beds), larger hospitals were more likely affiliated with advanced trauma centers, more elaborated pediatric intensive care infrastructure (p p = 0.0938) and have higher case-loads of severely injured children p = 0.0009). Therefore, the majority of larger hospitals reserve either pediatric surgery departments or board-certified pediatric surgeons (p Conclusions Multi-professional management of pediatric trauma and individual experiences with severely injured children depend on volumes, level of trauma centers and infrastructure of the hospital. However, respondents from hospitals at all levels of trauma care complain about an alarming lack of knowledge on pediatric trauma management.

Background The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is still ongoing and a major challenge for health care services worldwide. In the first WSES COVID-19 emergency surgery survey, a strong negative impact on emergency surgery (ES) had been described already early in the pandemic situation. However, the knowledge is limited about current effects of the pandemic on patient flow through emergency rooms, daily routine and decision making in ES as well as their changes over time during the last two pandemic years. This second WSES COVID-19 emergency surgery survey investigates the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on ES during the course of the pandemic. Methods A web survey had been distributed to medical specialists in ES during a four-week period from January 2022, investigating the impact of the pandemic on patients and septic diseases both requiring ES, structural problems due to the pandemic and time-to-intervention in ES routine. Results 367 collaborators from 59 countries responded to the survey. The majority indicated that the pandemic still significantly impacts on treatment and outcome of surgical emergency patients (83.1% and 78.5%, respectively). As reasons, the collaborators reported decreased case load in ES (44.7%), but patients presenting with more prolonged and severe diseases, especially concerning perforated appendicitis (62.1%) and diverticulitis (57.5%). Otherwise, approximately 50% of the participants still observe a delay in time-to-intervention in ES compared with the situation before the pandemic. Relevant causes leading to enlarged time-to-intervention in ES during the pandemic are persistent problems with in-hospital logistics, lacks in medical staff as well as operating room and intensive care capacities during the pandemic. This leads not only to the need for triage or transferring of ES patients to other hospitals, reported by 64.0% and 48.8% of the collaborators, respectively, but also to paradigm shifts in treatment modalities to non-operative approaches reported by 67.3% of the participants, especially in uncomplicated appendicitis, cholecystitis and multiple-recurrent diverticulitis. Conclusions The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic still significantly impacts on care and outcome of patients in ES. Well-known problems with in-hospital logistics are not sufficiently resolved by now; however, medical staff shortages and reduced capacities have been dramatically aggravated over last two pandemic years.

Background Recurrence after common bile duct stone (CBDS) clearance is the major long-term drawback of their management. Its prevalence is significant, and it occurs after all primary therapeutic alternatives. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive factors associated with stone recurrence after surgical common bile duct exploration (CBDE). Methods A retrospective cohort study based on patients undergoing CBDE between 2000 and 2018 was conducted. Uni- and multivariate hierarchical regression analyses were performed to assess the independent predictive factors associated with recurrent CBDS in patients with initially successful surgery. Results A total of 365 patients underwent successful surgical procedures. After a median follow-up of 43.2 (IQR 84) months, 31 (8.4%) patients were diagnosed with CBD stone recurrence. The median time to recurrence was 30.3 (IQR 38) months. The only variable associated with CBDS recurrence was preoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy (HR 2.436, 95% CI: 1.031-5.751, P = 0.042)). Conclusion Patients who undergo preoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy and then cholecystectomy with successful common bile duct clearance may be at increased risk for recurrent stone disease compared to those who go straight to surgery.

Technological improvements are crucial in the evolution of surgery. Real-time fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) has spread worldwide, mainly because of its usefulness during the intraoperative decision-making processes. The success of any gastrointestinal oncologic resection is based on the anatomical identification of the primary tumor and its regional lymph nodes. FGS allows also to evaluate the blood perfusion at the gastrointestinal stumps after colorectal or esophageal resections. Therefore, a reduction on the anastomotic leak rates has been postulated as one of the foreseeable benefits provided by the use of FGS in these procedures. Although the use of fluorescence in lymph node detection was initially described in breast cancer surgery, the technique is currently applied in gastric or splenic flexure cancers, as they both present complex and variable lymphatic drainages. FGS allows also to perform intraoperative lymphograms or sentinel lymph node biopsies. New applications of FGS are being developed to assist in the detection of peritoneal metastases or in the evaluation of the tumor resection margins. The present review aims to provide a general overview of the current status of real-time FGS in gastrointestinal oncologic surgery. We put a special focus on the different applications of FGS, discussing the main findings and limitations found in the contemporary literature and also the promising near future applications.

Total mesorectal excision (TME) is the standard surgical treatment for the curative radical resection of rectal cancers. Minimally invasive TME has been gaining ground favored by the continuous technological advancements. New procedures, such as transanal TME (TaTME), have been introduced to overcome some technical limitations, especially in low rectal tumors, obese patients, and/or narrow pelvis. The earliest TaTME reports showed promising results when compared with the conventional laparoscopic TME. However, recent publications raised concerns regarding the high rates of anastomotic leaks or local recurrences observed in national series. Robotic TaTME (R-TaTME) has been proposed as a novel technique incorporating the potential benefits of a perineal dissection together with precise control of the distal margins, and also offers all those advantages provided by the robotic technology in terms of improved precision and dexterity. Encouraging short-term results have been reported for R-TaTME, but further studies are needed to assess the real role of the new technique in the long-term oncological or functional outcomes. The present review aims to provide a general overview of R-TaTME by analyzing the body of the available literature, with a special focus on the potential benefits, harms, and future perspectives for this novel approach.

Introduction The present study aimed to evaluate the short- and mid-term outcomes of laparoscopic colon-first staged resection for colorectal cancer (CRC) and colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM). Methods This study included patients with metastatic CRC who underwent laparoscopic surgical staged resection for the primary tumor and CRCLM between June 2013 and December 2018. Data collection included the baseline patient's and tumor features, the perioperative and histopathologic outcomes from both surgical procedures, and the oncologic follow-up. Results Twenty-five patients were eligible for the study. Three major and 22 minor laparoscopic liver resections were performed following laparoscopic CRC surgery. Five patients required conversion to laparotomy during CRCLM resection, but no conversion was needed for the colorectal procedures. The rate of severe intraoperative complications (CLASSIC grade III-IV) was 8% and 16% during CRC and CRCLM resection, respectively. Three patients (12%) developed major postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grade > III) after both interventions, including one death due to intraoperative bleeding. During a median follow-up of 30 months, 15 patients were diagnosed with disease recurrence. The 3-year disease-free survival and overall survival were 33.3% and 73.9%, respectively. Conclusions Laparoscopic staged resection for CRC and CRCLM is safe, feasible, and offers acceptable midterm oncological outcomes in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

The role of robotic surgery for partial mesorectal excision (PME) in patients with high rectal cancer (RC) remains unexplored. This study aimed to compare the operative and postoperative outcomes of robotic (R-PME) versus laparoscopic (L-PME) PME for high RC. This was a single-center propensity score cohort study of consecutive patients diagnosed with RC in the high rectum (>10 to 15 cm from the anal verge) who underwent surgery between September 2012 and May 2019. Of 131 selected patients (50 R-PME and 81 L-PME), 88 were matched using propensity score (44 per group). Operative and postoperative variables were similar between R-PME and L-PME patients, except for operative time (220 min and 190 min, respectively; p

Several studies highlighted an inferior outcome of R1 resection for colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM); it is still unclear whether directly involved margins (R1-contact) are associated with a poorer outcome compared to R1 1 mm. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact on surgical margin recurrence (SMR) of R1-contact vs R1 1 mm patients.Patients who underwent surgery for CRLM between 2009-2018 with both R1 resections on final histology were included and compared in terms of recurrence and survival. Factors associated with SMR were assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis.Out of 477, 77 (17.2%) patients showed R1 resection (53 R1-Contact and 24 R1 1 mm). Overall recurrence rate was 79.2% (R1 1 mm = 70.8% vs R1-contact group = 83%, P = .222). Median disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were significantly higher in R1 1 mm vs R1-contact group (93 vs 55 months; P = .025 and 69 vs 46 months; P = .038, respectively). The SMR rate was higher in R1-contact compared to R1 1 mm group (30.2% vs 8.3%; P = .036). At univariate analysis, age, number of metastases, open surgical approach, RAS status, and R1-contact were associated with SMR. At multivariate analysis, R1-contact margin was the only factor independently associated with higher SMR (OR = 5.6; P = .046).R1-contact margin is independently associated with SMR after liver resection for CRLM. Patients with R1-contact margin will also experience poorer DFS and DSS.

Robotic-assisted abdominal surgery was introduced with the aim to overcome the drawbacks of the conventional laparoscopic approach. The present narrative review focuses on the comparison between laparoscopic and robotic-assisted approaches for right colectomy (RC) on the short and long-term outcomes, costs, and learning curve. Main technical aspects related with the use of robotic assistance for this specific procedure are further discussed. The introduction of the latest generation optics (3D, 4K) and more ergonomic tools can be considered a bridge towards technical facilitation. Minimally invasive RC is considered technically challenging due to the particularities of the right and middle colic vascular anatomy. Robotic RC has not yet widespread due to the high costs and operating times. However, its use may result in advantages regarding the short term clinical outcomes and facilitates the acquisition of basic surgical skills, speeding up the learning curve of minimally-invasive colorectal surgery.

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a major challenge for health care services worldwide. It’s impact on oncologic therapies and elective surgery has been described recently, and the literature provides guidelines regarding appropriate elective patient treatment during the pandemic. However, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on emergency surgery services has been poorly investigated up to now. Methods: A 17-item web survey had been distributed to emergency surgeons in June 2020 around the world, investigating the impact of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on patients and septic diseases both requiring emergency surgery and the time-to-intervention in emergency surgery routine, as well as experiences with surgery in COVID-19 patients. Results: Ninety-eight collaborators from 31 countries responded to the survey. The majority (65.3%) estimated the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on emergency surgical patient care as being strong or very strong. Due to the pandemic, 87.8% reported a decrease in the total number of patients undergoing emergency surgery and approximately 25% estimated a delay of more than 2 h in the time-to-diagnosis and another 2 h in the time-to-intervention. Fifty percent make structural problems with in-hospital logistics (e.g. transport of patients, closed normal wards etc.) mainly responsible for delayed emergency surgery and the frequent need (56.1%) for a triage of emergency surgical patients. 56.1% of the collaborators observed more severe septic abdominal diseases during the pandemic, especially for perforated appendicitis and severe septic cholecystitis (41.8% and 40.2%, respectively). 62.2% had experiences with surgery in COVID-19-infected patients. Conclusions: The results of The WSES COVID-19 emergency surgery survey are alarming. The combination of an estimated decrease in numbers of emergency surgical patients and an observed increase in more severe septic diseases may be a result of the fear of patients from infection with COVID-19 and a consecutive delayed hospital admission and diagnosis. A critical delay in time-to-diagnosis and time-to-intervention may be a result of changes in in-hospital logistics and operating room as well as intensive care capacities. Both reflect the potentially harmful impact of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on emergency surgery services. publishedVersion

espanolIntroduccion La pancreatectomia izquierda laparoscopica (PIL) es una tecnica quirurgica cada vez mas utilizada para el tratamiento de lesiones benignas y malignas del pancreas izquierdo. Analizamos los resultados de nuestra serie de PIL para el tratamiento de las lesiones primarias de cuerpo y cola pancreaticos. Metodos Desde noviembre de 2011 a noviembre de 2017 se han intervenido 18pacientes por lesiones primarias del pancreas realizandose una pancreatectomia distal laparoscopica. En todos los casos se dejo un drenaje intraabdominal y se siguieron las recomendaciones del International Study Group for Pancreatic Fistula (ISGPF). Resultados La mediana de edad fue de 66,5anos (RIQ46-74). De las 18 pancreatectomias izquierdas, cuatro se realizaron con preservacion esplenica, una de ellas una pancreatectomia central. Hubo dos conversiones. La mediana del tiempo operatorio fue de 247,5min (RIQ242-275). La mediana de estancia hospitalaria fue de 7dias (RIQ6-8). A los 90dias se detectaron complicaciones en cinco pacientes: tres gradoII, una gradoIII y una gradoV segun la clasificacion modificada de Clavien-Dindo. Hubo una fistula pancreatica gradoB y cuatro pacientes reingresaron por colecciones peripancreaticas. La anatomia patologica evidencio malignidad en el 38,9% de los casos, presentando todos ellos margenes negativos. Conclusiones La PIL puede ser considerada tecnica de eleccion para el tratamiento de las lesiones pancreaticas benignas y una alternativa al abordaje abierto para pacientes seleccionados diagnosticados de neoplasias malignas, siempre que la realicen cirujanos con experiencia en cirugia pancreatica y laparoscopica avanzada. EnglishIntroduction Laparoscopic left-sided pancreatectomy (LLP) is an increasingly used surgical technique for the treatment of benign and malignant lesions of the left side of the pancreas. The results of LLP as a treatment for primary pancreatic lesions of the head and tail of the pancreas were evaluated. Methods From November 2011 to November 2017, 18 patients underwent surgery for primary lesions of the pancreas by means of a laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy. An intra-abdominal drain tube was used in all cases, and the recommendations of the International Study Group for Pancreatic Fistula (ISGPF) were followed. Results The mean age was 66.5years (IQR 46-74). Among the 18 left pancreatectomies performed, four were with splenic preservation, and one was a central pancreatectomy. There were two conversions. The median surgical time was 247.5minutes (IQR 242-275). The median postoperative hospital stay was 7days (IQR 6-8). After 90days, complications were detected in five patients: three gradeII, one gradeIII and one gradeV according to the modified Clavien-Dindo classification. There was one gradeB pancreatic fistula, and four patients had to be readmitted to hospital because of peripancreatic collections. The anatomic pathology diagnosis was malignant neoplasm in 38.9% of cases, all of them with negative resection margins. Conclusions LLP can be considered the technique of choice in the treatment of primary benign pancreatic lesions and an alternative to the open approach in selected patients diagnosed with malignant pancreatic lesions.

Bile duct injury (BDI) is a dangerous complication of cholecystectomy, with significant postoperative sequelae for the patient in terms of morbidity, mortality, and long-term quality of life. BDIs have an estimated incidence of 0.4–1.5%, but considering the number of cholecystectomies performed worldwide, mostly by laparoscopy, surgeons must be prepared to manage this surgical challenge. Most BDIs are recognized either during the procedure or in the immediate postoperative period. However, some BDIs may be discovered later during the postoperative period, and this may translate to delayed or inappropriate treatments. Providing a specific diagnosis and a precise description of the BDI will expedite the decision-making process and increase the chance of treatment success. Subsequently, the choice and timing of the appropriate reconstructive strategy have a critical role in long-term prognosis. Currently, a wide spectrum of multidisciplinary interventions with different degrees of invasiveness is indicated for BDI management. These World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) guidelines have been produced following an exhaustive review of the current literature and an international expert panel discussion with the aim of providing evidence-based recommendations to facilitate and standardize the detection and management of BDIs during cholecystectomy. In particular, the 2020 WSES guidelines cover the following key aspects: (1) strategies to minimize the risk of BDI during cholecystectomy; (2) BDI rates in general surgery units and review of surgical practice; (3) how to classify, stage, and report BDI once detected; (4) how to manage an intraoperatively detected BDI; (5) indications for antibiotic treatment; (6) indications for clinical, biochemical, and imaging investigations for suspected BDI; and (7) how to manage a postoperatively detected BDI. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13017-021-00369-w.

Background: Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) is an effective treatment for choledocholithiasis. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive factors associated with conversion during LCBDE and to assess the implications of conversion on the patients' postoperative course. Methods: A retrospective cohort study based on patients undergoing LCBDE between 2000 and 2018 was conducted. Uni- and multivariate regression analyses were performed. Results: A total of 357 patients underwent LCBDE, and the conversion rate was 14.2%. The main reasons for conversion were lithiasis extraction (21; 41%) and difficult dissection (13; 26%). Independent predictors for conversion were increasing levels of serum bilirubin prior to surgery (OR=4.745, 95% CI: 1.390-16.198; p=0.013), and emergency setting (OR=4.144, 95% CI: 1.449-11.846; p=0.008). Age was independently associated with lower odds of conversion (OR=0.979, 95% CI: 0.960-0.999; p=0.036). Conversion had a negative impact on the patients' postoperative course, including severe complication (21.6% vs. 5.2% p

Adequate fluid resuscitation is paramount in the management of acute pancreatitis (AP). The aim of this study is to assess benefits and harms of fluid therapy protocols in patients with AP.MEDLINE, Embase, Science Citation Index and clinical trial registries were searched for randomised clinical trials published before May 2020, assessing types of fluids, routes and rates of administration.A total 15 trials (1073 participants) were included. Age ranged from 38 to 73 years; follow-up period ranged from 0.5 to 6 months. Ringer lactate (RL) showed a reduced number of severe adverse events (SAE) when compared to normal saline (NS) (OR 0.48; 95%CI 0.29-0.81, p = 0.006); additionally, NS showed reduced SAE (RR 0.38; 95%IC 0.27-0.54, p 0.001) and organ failure (RR 0.30; 95%CI 0.21-0.44, p 0.001) in comparison with hydroxyethyl starch (HES). High fluid rate fluid infusion showed increased mortality (OR 2.88; 95%CI 1.41-5.88, p = 0.004), increased number of SAE (RR 1.42; 95%CI 1.04-1.93, p = 0.030) and higher incidence of sepsis (RR 2.80; 95%CI 1.51-5.19, p = 0.001) compared to moderate fluid rate infusion.In patients with AP, RL should be preferred over NS and HES should not be recommended. Based on low-certainty evidence, moderate-rate fluid infusion should be preferred over high-rate infusion.

Being able to predict preoperatively the difficulty of a cholecystectomy can increase safety and improve results. However, there is a need to reach a consensus on the definition of a cholecystectomy as "difficult". The aim of this study is to achieve a national expert consensus on this issue.A two-round Delphi study was performed. Based on the previous literature, history of biliary pathology, preoperative clinical, analytical, and radiological data, and intraoperative findings were selected as variables of interest and rated on a Likert scale. Inter-rater agreement was defined as "unanimous" when 100% of the participants gave an item the same rating on the Likert scale; as "consensus" when ≥80% agreed; as "majority" when the agreement was ≥70%. The delta of change between the two rounds was calculated.After the two rounds, the criteria that reached "consensus" were bile duct injury (96.77%), non-evident anatomy (93.55%), Mirizzi syndrome (93.55%), severe inflammation of Calot's triangle (90.32%), conversion to laparotomy (87.10%), time since last acute cholecystitis (83.87%), scleroatrophic gallbladder (80.65%) and pericholecystic abscess (80.65%).The ability to predict difficulty in cholecystectomy offers important advantages in terms of surgical safety. As a preliminary step, the items that define a surgical procedure as difficult should be established. Standardization of the criteria can provide scores to predict difficulty both preoperatively and intraoperatively, and thus allow the comparison of groups of similar difficulty.

Background To prepare for surgery, surgeons often recur to surgical videos, with YouTube being reported as the preferred source. This study aimed to compare the evaluation of three surgical trainees and three senior surgeons of the 25 most viewed laparoscopic appendectomy videos listed on YouTube. Additionally, we assessed the video conformity to the published guidelines on how to report laparoscopic surgery videos (LAP-VEGaS). Methods Based on the number of visualization, the 25 most viewed videos on laparoscopic appendectomy uploaded on YouTube between 2010 and 2018 were selected. Videos were evaluated on the surgical technical performance (GOALS score), critical view of safety (CVS), and overall video quality and utility. Results Video image quality was poor for nine (36%) videos, good for nine (36%), and in high definition for seven (28%). Educational content (e.g., audio or written commentary) was rarely present. With the exception of the overall level of difficulty, poor consistency was observed for the GOALS domains between senior surgeons and trainees. Fifteen videos (60%) demonstrated a satisfactory CVS score (≥ 5). Concerning the overall video quality, agreement among senior surgeons was higher (Cronbach’s alpha 0.897) than among trainees (Cronbach’s alpha 0.731). The mean overall videos utility (Likert scale, 1 to 5) was 1.92 (SD 0.88) for senior examiners, and 3.24 (SD 1.02) for trainee examiners. The conformity to the LAP-VEGaS guidelines was weak, with a median value of 8.1% (range 5.4–18.9%). Conclusion Laparoscopic videos represent a useful and appropriate educational tool but they are not sufficiently reviewed to obtained standard quality. A global effort should be made to improve the educational value of the uploaded surgical videos, starting from the application of the nowadays-available LAP-VEGaS guidelines. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13017-019-0241-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Introduction Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is the most dreadful complication of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and previous literature focused on technical modifications of pancreatic remnant reconstruction. We developed a multifactorial mitigation strategy (MS) and the aim of the study is to assess its clinical impact in patients at high-risk of POPF. Methods All patients candidate to PD between 2012 and 2018 were considered. Only patients with a high Fistula Risk Score (FRS 7–10) were included. Patients undergoing MS were compared to patients receiving Standard Strategy (SS). Clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. Multivariate hierarchical logistic regression analyses were performed to detect independent predictors of POPF. Results Out of 212 patients, 33 were finally included in MS Group and 29 in SS Group. POPF rate was significantly lower in MS Group (12.1% vs 44.8%, p = 0.005). Delayed gastric emptying, postoperative pancreatitis, complications and hospital stay were also significantly lower in MS Group. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses showed that Body Mass Index (OR = 1.196, p = 0.036) and MS (OR = 0.187, p = 0.032) were independently associated with POPF. Conclusion A multifactorial MS can be helpful to reduce POPF rate in patients with high FRS following PD. Personalized approach for vulnerable patients should be investigated in the future.

Appendicitis-related hospitalizations linked with peritonitis or postoperative complications result in longer lengths of stay and higher costs. The aim of the present study was to assess the independent association between potential predictors and prolonged hospitalization after laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) for complicated acute appendicitis (CAA). A retrospective cohort study was conducted on adult patients diagnosed with CAA in which LA was attempted. The primary outcome was a prolonged length of stay (LOS) after surgery, defined as hospitalizations longer than or equal to the 75th percentile for LOS, including the day of discharge. Hierarchical regression models were run to elucidate the independent predictors for the variable of interest. The present study involved 160 patients with a mean age of 50.71 years. The conversion rate was 1.9%, and the overall postoperative morbidity rate was 23.8%. The median length of stay (LOS) was 5 days (75th percentile: 7 days). Multivariate analyses included nine variables that are statistically and/or clinically relevant to assess its relationship with a prolonged LOS: three preoperative (age, sex, and comorbidity), four intraoperative (appendix gangrene, perforation, degree of peritonitis, and drain placement), and two postoperative (immediate ICU admission and complications). The development of postoperative complications (OR 6.162, 95% CI 2.451–15.493; p = 0.000) and the placement of an abdominal drain (OR 3.438, 95% CI 1.107–10.683; p = 0.033) were found to be independent predictors for prolonged LOS. For patients not presenting postoperative complications, drain placement was the only independent predictor for the outcome (OR 7.853, 95% CI 1.520–40.558; p = 0.014). Sensitivity analyses showed confirmatory results. The intraoperative process of care has a clear impact on LOS after LA for CAA in adults; therefore, the decision of whether to drain in these situations should be made more restrictively yet with judicious caution.

The European MRI and Rectal Cancer Surgery (EuMaRCS) score was proposed to identify preoperatively difficult laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (L-TME) for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). This study aimed to test EuMaRCS's validity.Data were retrieved from a European multicenter database, including patients with mid/low LARC, treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy and L-TME with primary anastomosis. The EuMaRCS score was calculated on: BMI30 (3 points), interspinous distance96.4 mm (2 points), ymrT stage≥T3b (4 points), and male sex (1 point).The sample was composed of 141 patients, of whom 23 (16.3%) had a difficult L-TME. The EuMaRCS score demonstrated high accuracy in predicting difficult surgery (AROC: 0.806, 95%CI=0.72-0.88), with a cut-off3 being associated with the best balance in sensitivity (82.6%) and specificity (66.1%).The EuMaRCS score represents a validated tool to predict preoperatively difficult L-TME in LARC patients.

Age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (a-CCI) score has been used to weight comorbid conditions in predicting adverse outcomes. A retrospective cohort study on adult patients diagnosed with complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAI) requiring emergency surgery was conducted in order to elucidate the role of age and comorbidity in this scenario. Two main outcomes were evaluated: 90-day severe postoperative complications (grade ≥ 3 of Dindo-Clavien Classification), and 90-day all-cause mortality. 358 patients were analyzed. a-CCI score for each patient was calculated and then divided in two comorbid categories whether they were ≤ or > to percentile 75 ( = 4): Grade-A (0–4) and Grade-B ( ≥ 5). Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed, and the predictive validity of the models was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) curve. Independent predictors of 90-day severe postoperative complications were Charlson Grade-B (Odds Ratio [OR] = 3.49, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.86–6.52; p 24 hours (OR = 2.28, 95%CI: 1.18–4.68; p

Iatrogenic colonoscopy perforation (ICP) is a severe complication that can occur during both diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Although 45–60% of ICPs are diagnosed by the endoscopist while performing the colonoscopy, many ICPs are not immediately recognized but are instead suspected on the basis of clinical signs and symptoms that occur after the endoscopic procedure. There are three main therapeutic options for ICPs: endoscopic repair, conservative therapy, and surgery. The therapeutic approach must vary based on the setting of the diagnosis (intra- or post-colonoscopy), the type of ICP, the characteristics and general status of the patient, the operator’s level of experience, and surgical device availability. Although ICPs have been the focus of numerous publications, no guidelines have been created to standardize the management of ICPs. The aim of this article is to present the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) guidelines for the management of ICP, which are intended to be used as a tool to promote global standards of care in case of ICP. These guidelines are not meant to substitute providers’ clinical judgment for individual patients, and they may need to be modified based on the medical team’s level of experience and the availability of local resources.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is one of the most frequent surgeries performed in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). LC in SCD patients is associated with a particularly high postoperative morbidity. The aim of the present study is to assess the safety and feasibility of cholecystectomy performed by mini-laparoscopy with low- and stable-pressure pneumoperitoneum (MLC + LSPP) and to compare the rate of postoperative SCD-related morbidity with standard LC. Thirty-five consecutive SCD patients admitted between November 2015 and March 2017 for cholelithiasis requiring surgery were compared with an historical cohort of 126 SCD patients who underwent LC for the same indication. Operative variables, postoperative outcomes, patient and surgeon satisfaction, and costs were evaluated. MLC + LSPP exhibited a mean operative time comparable to LC (p = 0.169). Operative blood loss was significantly reduced in the MLC + LSPP group, and the suction device was rarely used (p = 0.036). SCD-related morbidity (including acute chest syndrome) was significantly higher in the LC group compared with the MLC + LSPP group (18.3 vs. 2.9%; p = 0.029). The mean times to resume ambulation (p = 0.018) and regular diet (p = 0.045) were significantly reduced in the MLC + LSPP group. The mean incision length (all trocars combined) was 28.22 mm for MLC + LSPP and 49.64 mm for LC patients (p

This is a systematic review and meta-analysis on the surgical treatments of splenic flexure carcinomas (SFCs). Medline, EMBASE, and Scopus were searched from January 1990 to May 2016. Studies of at least 5 patients comparing extended right colectomy (ERC) versus left colectomy (LC) and/or laparoscopy versus open surgery for SFCs were retrieved and analyzed. Overall, 12 retrospective studies were selected, including 569 patients. ERC was performed in 23.2% of patients, whereas LC in 76.8%. Pooled data suggested that ERC and LC had similar oncologic quality of resection and postoperative outcomes. Laparoscopy was used in 50.6% of patients (conversion rate: 2.5%) and it was associated with significantly shorter time to oral diet, fewer postoperative complications, and shorter hospital stay than open surgery. In conclusion, the optimal extent of SFC surgical resection, that is, ERC or LC remains under debate. However, laparoscopy provides better postoperative outcomes and fewer postoperative complications than open surgery.

Introduction La resection de l’angle colique gauche reste difficile et la chirurgie ideale debattue. L’objectif est d’evaluer les resultats a court et long terme de l’hemicolectomie droite elargie (HCD) versus hemicolectomie gauche (HCG) versus colectomie angulaire gauche (CAG) pour carcinome angulaire gauche sur une cohorte multicentrique europeenne. Methodes C’est une etude retrospective multicentrique europeenne analysant les resultats chirurgicaux et oncologiques des patients pris en charge pour une lesion colique angulaire gauche entre 2000 et 2018. Les resultats descriptifs des differentes techniques ont ete compares selon le score de propension. La survie globale (SG) et la survie sans recidive (SSR) ont ete evalue selon la methode de Kaplan–Meier. Resultats Un total de 399 patients ont ete inclus : 143 (35,8 %) HCD, 131 (32,8 %) HCG et 125 (31,4 %) CAG. 297 (74,4 %) procedures etaient laparoscopiques. La duree operatoire, la reprise du transit, la reprise alimentaire et la duree d’hospitalisation augmentaient avec l’extension progressive de la resection colique. L’HCD etait associee significativement a une augmentation du risque d’ileus post operatoire compare a l’HCG et a la CAG. Le curage ganglionnaire etait significativement plus important lors de l’HCD mais le nombre de 12 ganglions reseques etait atteint dans 85 % des cas sans modifications de la procedure. Pas de difference en termes de SG ou SSR entre HCD vs HCG vs CAG. Conclusion Ces resultats encouragent l’epargne colique lors de la resection de carcinome angulaire gauche et la realisation de la CAG.

A 54-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency department with a 2-week history of alimentary vomiting. She had undergone laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding 6 years earlier. CT revealed a mesenteroaxial gastric volvulus and ischemia on the gastric wall. Emergent diagnostic laparoscopy was performed, and severe peritonitis and gastric necrosis caused by volvulation was found. After band removal, a fundal perforation was noted, but a viable lesser curvature enabled laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy to be performed. The postoperative course was uneventful. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding is considered a safe and effective method for the surgical treatment of obesity, but it is associated with a number of complications, such as pouch dilatation and band slippage. Although infrequent, ischemic complications are life-threatening conditions that require urgent surgery. This is the first report of this unusual complication managed laparoscopically.

Background: Recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reported conflicting results regarding the safety of laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD). The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of the available RCTs concerning the short-term outcomes of LPD versus open pancreaticoduodenectomy (OPD). Methods: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE (through PubMed), EMBASE, Scopus databases and ClinicalTrials.gov register were searched. Only RCTs published up to February 2019 were eligible for inclusion. Random-effect models were used to summarize the relative risks (RR) and mean differences. Results: 3 RCTs were identified, including a total number of 114 and 110 patients who underwent LPD and OPD, respectively. The rate of major postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo >= 3) was 29% in LPD vs 31% in OPD group (RR 0.80 (95% CI: 0.36-1.79); p = 0.592). Complication-related mortality occurred in 5% (LPD) vs 4% (OPD) patients (RR 1.22 (95% CI: 0.19-8.02); p = 0.841). LPD was significantly associated with longer operative time [95 min (95% CI: 24-167; p = 0.009)] and lower perioperative blood loss [-151 ml (95% CI: 169-133; p < 0.001)]. Conclusions: There are no statistically significant differences between LPD and OPD in terms of postoperative complications and mortality. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution due to high clinical and statistical heterogeneity of pooled data. Further studies with different outcome measures are needed to clarify the future of LPD.

Colorectal cancers are the third most common malignant tumors worldwide and are associated with an increased economic expenditure for healthcare systems due to its high diagnostic, therapeutic, and follow-up costs. Elective surgical resection is the gold standard for CRCs curative treatment, but up to 30% of CRC patients are presenting at emergency setting. Emergency surgery for CRC increases postoperative morbidity, mortality, length of admissions, and costs. Moreover, curative resection rates are lower and recurrences higher after emergency operations. There is substantial heterogeneity in the methodologies and quality of the published economic evaluations of CRC, and emergency surgery may represent an underestimated cost burden to healthcare systems and society worldwide. Novel strategies to separately evaluate, reduce, and improve the quality for the emergent management of colorectal cancer should be explored as a global health target.

Table S1. Conformity to the 37 items of the LAP-VEGaS guidelines. (DOCX 172 kb)

Introduction: Laparoscopic left-sided pancreatectomy (LLP) is an increasingly used surgical technique for the treatment of benign and malignant lesions of the left side of the pancreas. The results of LLP as a treatment for primary pancreatic lesions of the head and tail of the pancreas were evaluated. Methods: From November 2011 to November 2017, 18 patients underwent surgery for primary lesions of the pancreas by means of a laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy. An intra-abdominal drain tube was used in all cases, and the recommendations of the International Study Group for Pancreatic Fistula (ISGPF) were followed. Results: The mean age was 66.5 years (IQR 46-74). Among the 18 left pancreatectomies performed, four were with splenic preservation, and one was a central pancreatectomy. There were two conversions. The median surgical time was 247.5 minutes (IQR 242-275). The median postoperative hospital stay was 7 days (IQR 6-8). After 90 days, complications were detected in five patients: three grade II, one grade III and one grade V according to the modified Clavien-Dindo classification. There was one grade B pancreatic fistula, and four patients had to be readmitted to hospital because of peripancreatic collections. The anatomic pathology diagnosis was malignant neoplasm in 38.9% of cases, all of them with negative resection margins. Conclusions: LLP can be considered the technique of choice in the treatment of primary benign pancreatic lesions and an alternative to the open approach in selected patients diagnosed with malignant pancreatic lesions. (C) 2019 AEC. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

BACKGROUND: Polycystic liver disease ( PLD) has a low frequency overall in the worldwide population. As the patient's symptoms are produced by the expansion of hepatic volume, the different therapeutic alternatives are focused on reducing it. Surgery is still considered the most effective treatment for symptomatic PLD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for PLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 14 patients who were diagnosed with symptomatic PLD and underwent surgery by a laparoscopic approach between 2004 and 2012. It involved collecting data on the characteristics of those patients and their liver disease, surgical procedures, intra-and postoperative complications, and the long-term follow-up. RESULTS: Twelve laparoscopic multiple-cyst fenestrations and two segmentary liver resections associated with remaining-cyst fenestration were performed. One procedure required conversion to laparotomy and the other was complicated by anhepatic severe bleeding. The rest of the procedures were uneventful. One patient developed persistent self-limited ascites in the immediate postoperative period. Symptoms disappeared after surgical intervention in all patients. During a median follow-up of 62 months ( range 14-113 months), there were two clinical recurrences and one asymptomatic radiological recurrence. One patient required further surgery. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic cystic fenestration and laparoscopic liver resection are safe and long-term, effective procedures for the treatment of symptomatic PLD. Severity and morphological characteristics of the hepatic disease will determine the surgical indication and the optimal approach for each patient.