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Background: In patients with advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and prostate adenocarcinoma, the identification of somatic/germline BRCA1/2 mutations allows new therapeutic opportunities. To estimate the prevalence of somatic and germline BRCA1/2 mutations in non-mucinous high grade ovarian/fallopian tube/peritoneal extraovarian cancer (NMHGOC) and prostate adenocarcinoma. Methods: Prevalence was established by analyzing patients with NMHGOC or prostate adenocarcinoma, with a BRCA1/2 study in the tumor between 2017 and 2018. Whether a germline study had been carried out was subsequently reviewed. Results: 10 patients out of 43 (23.3%) with NMHGOC had a BRCA1/2 mutation in the tumor. 9 patients (20.9%) presented a BRCA1/2 mutation in the germline setting (2 without tumor result due to limited tissue sample). 3 patients (6.9%) had only somatic mutations. 30% of the mutations in the tumor were, therefore, somatic mutations. Of the 9 patients with prostate adenocarcinoma, 2 (22.2%) had a BRCA2 mutation in the tumor. While 1 (11.1%) had the mutation in the germline setting, 1 patient (11.1%) had only somatic mutations. Conclusion: In our series, the prevalence of somatic and germline BRCA1/2 mutations in NMHGOC is similar to that reported in the literature. Whereas somatic mutations are only present at the neoplastic tissue, the rate of mutations in the tumor is higher than in the germline setting. A more effective diagnostic and predictive strategy could be achieved with tumor BRCA analysis as the first attempt. Initial results in prostate adenocarcinoma point to the same conclusion for this tumor.

espanolEl presente trabajo aborda la problematica de la desalacion de agua en las dos islas mas orientales del Archipielago Canario: Lanzarote y Fuerteventura, espacios con unas evidentes carencias de recursos hidricos debido a la escasez de precipitaciones. Ello ha propiciado que el hombre haya tenido que transformar de forma significativa el medio para captar las aguas de escorrentia. Tambien ha perforado el subsuelo para detraer las aguas subalveas. Con todo, la escasez de las mismas posibilito que en la segunda mitad del siglo XX se fueran desarrollando distintos sistemas de desalinizacion con un coste de consumo energetico cada vez menor. francaisLe present travail aborde le probleme du dessalement de l’eau dans les deux iles les plus a l’est des iles Canaries: Lanzarote et Fuerteventura, des espaces ou le manque de ressources en eau est evident en raison du manque de precipitations. Cela a conduit au fait que l'homme a du transformer de maniere significative les moyens de capturer les eaux de ruissellement. Il a egalement fore le sous-sol pour empecher les eaux souterraines. Cependant, leur penurie a permis de developper differents systemes de dessalement dans la seconde moitie du XXe siecle, avec un cout de consommation energetique de plus en plus bas. portuguesEste artigo aborda o problema da dessalinizacao de agua nas duas ilhas mais orientais das Ilhas Canarias: Lanzarote e Fuerteventura, espacos com evidente falta de recursos hidricos devido a falta de chuvas. Isto levou ao fato de que o homem teve que transformar significativamente os meios para capturar as aguas do escoamento. Tambem perfurou o subsolo para diminuir as aguas subalveais. No entanto, sua escassez tornou possivel o desenvolvimento de diferentes sistemas de dessalinizacao na segunda metade do seculo XX, com um menor e menor custo de consumo de energia. EnglishThis study focuses the historical process and the geographical handicaps in relation to the saltwater conversion from sea water in The East Canaries: Lanzarote and Fuerteventura, which has obvious scarcities of hydrological resources due to aridity and low rainfall. This circumstance has generated that men have had to transform in a significant form the environment in order to obtain water. In addition, men have had to drill the subsoil to get water from the aquifer. However, the shortage of water made possible that in the second half of the 20th Century different systems were developing with the objective of getting desalination water with a cost of energetic consumption every time minor italianoIl presente lavoro affronta il problema della dissalazione dell'acqua nelle due isole piu orientali delle Isole Canarie: Lanzarote e Fuerteventura, spazi con evidente mancanza di risorse idriche a causa della mancanza di precipitazioni. Cio ha portato al fatto che l'uomo ha dovuto trasformare in modo significativo i mezzi per catturare le acque di deflusso. Ha anche perforato il sottosuolo per sminuire le acque sotterranee. Tuttavia, la loro carenza ha permesso di sviluppare diversi sistemi di dissalazione nella seconda meta del 20 ° secolo, con un costo sempre piu basso di consumo di energia.

Multispectral imaging (MI) techniques are being used very often to identify different properties of nature in several domains, going from precision agriculture to environmental studies, not to mention quality inspection of pharmaceutical production, art restoration, biochemistry, forensic sciences or geology, just to name some. Different implementations are commercially available from the industry and yet there is quite an interest from the scientific community to spread its use to the majority of society by means of cost effectiveness and ease of use for solutions. These devices make the most sense when combined with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), going a step further and alleviating repetitive routines which could be strenuous if traditional methods were adopted. In this work, a low cost and modular solution for a multispectral camera is presented, based on the use of a single panchromatic complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor combined with a rotating wheel of interchangeable band pass optic filters. The system is compatible with open source hardware permitting one to capture, process, store and/or transmit data if needed. In addition, a calibration and characterization methodology has been developed for the camera, allowing not only for quantifying its performance, but also able to characterize other CMOS sensors in the market in order to select the one that best suits the budget and application. The process was experimentally validated by mounting the camera in a Dji Matrice 600 UAV to uncover vegetation indices in a reduced area of palm trees plantation. Results are presented for the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) showing a generated colored map with the captured information.

There is a growing interest in setting hyperspectral cameras on UAVs for periodically scanning farming areas with the goal of obtaining more information about the crops and soil state and optimize the productivity of the agricultural field. Hyperspectral pushbroom scanners offer a good trade off between spatial and spectral resolution for such purpose. However, this kind of hyperspectral cameras also introduces technical difficulties mainly related to the lack of intraframe spatial information, turning the registration of subsequent frames a hard task which is typically carried out off-board, once the flight mission has ended, preventing the posibility of obtaining real-time results. This work tackles this problem by controlling the aircraft flight movement in such a way that meaningful hyperspectral images can be directly obtained by just stitching the subsequent captured frames together. The main goal is to offer the possibility of analysing the acquired data in real time, avoiding the necessity of carrying out any registration process. The developed UAV movement control has been tested on real flight campaigns over a vineyard in the island of Gran Canaria. The obtained results verify the goodness of our proposal.

Este artículo aborda un estudio diacrónico y comparativo entre dos ciudades atlánticas: Salvador de Bahía, Brasil, y Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España, analizando su reciente transformación. Se estudia la evolución de ambas ciudades en relación con sus respectivos puertos y se establecen las concordancias y diferencias existentes en ambos procesos. El análisis comparativo aborda la geografía de cada ciudad, tanto como el origen y desarrollo portuario y urbano, para concluir que ambos espacios han seguido procesos similares de desarrollo, pero con etapas y casuísticas diferentes en cada caso.

Es objetivo de este trabajo realizar una propuesta metodológica para la elaboración de una guía de patrimonio natural y cultural, a partir de la cual los turistas-senderistas puedan confeccionar sus propios itinerarios. Se trata de proporcionar las herramientas y la metodología por medio del inventario del patrimo‑ nio y cartografiado de la ruta, obteniéndose como resultado una guía de interpretación del patrimonio cultur‑ al y natural del sendero. Asimismo, también es objeto de esta comunicación contribuir a incrementar el cono‑ cimiento del valioso y variado patrimonio de Santa Lucía de Tirajana a través de su interpretación, para ello es necesario que los potenciales senderistas-turistas que utilicen las rutas sepan utilizar las herramientas técnicas y los métodos que le permitan una adecuada interpretación de los paisajes y espacios observados. The aim of this work is to develop a methodological guide to help potentials walkers to prepare their own trails. It is about providing fitting tools to the users of nature trails, in order to enable them to know properly the natural and cultural patrimony of the island. In fact, there are natural and anthropic areas, which can only be known by walking off the beaten track, (as they are far away from paved roads). Furthermore, another major goal of this paper is to increase awareness of the rich and valuable patrimony of Santa Lucía de Tirajana (Gran Canaria). It is, therefore, necessary that potential walkers making use of the recommended routes in this article should know how to use the technical tools with the aim of having an adequate interpretation of the observed landscapes.

The paper analyses the performance of an Automatic Vessel Identification System on Medium Frequency (AVISOMEF), which works with the Grid Method (GM) on high density maritime European routes using real data and uniformly distributed data. Compared to other systems, AVISOMEF is a novelty, as it is not a satellite system, nor is it limited by a given coverage distance, in contrast to the Automatic Identification System (AIS), though in exceptional circumstances it leans towards it. To perform the analysis, special simulation software was developed. Moreover, a number of maritime routes along with their traffic density data were selected for the study. For each route, two simulations were performed, the first of which based on the uniform traffic distribution along the route, while the second one made use of real AIS data positioning of vessels sailing on the selected routes. The obtained results for both simulations made the basis for formulating conclusions regarding the capacity of selected routes to support AVISOMEF.

espanolEl paisaje vitivinicola y los espacios rurales conforman un atractivo turistico singular y destacado en la isla de Lanzarote, pero tambien un elemento de valor para las politicas de ordenacion del territorio en este ambito insular. El patrimonio del pasado agricola y los desarrollos tu- risticos recientes deben convivir en el espacio y en la memoria local del espacio. En este escenario, la agricultura y el turismo son compatibles y complementarios. El objeto del presente articulo es analizar las cuali- dades turisticas en el paisaje y su tratamiento desde la plani cacion del territorio como un ejemplo de coordinacion de politicas y estrategias en los espacios insulares. EnglishLandscape of vineyards and rural areas form a unique and outstanding touristic resource in the island of Lanzarote, but they are also very important as elements of value for planning of this insular environment. The assets of the agricultural past and recent tourism developments coexist in this space and in the local memory. In this scenario, agriculture and tourism become compatible and complementary. The purpose of this article is to analyze the tourist qualities in the landscape and its treatment from the spatial planning, as an example of policies and strategies coordination in insular spaces. francaisLes paysages viticoles et les espaces ruraux de l’ile de Lanzarote constituent un attrait touristique singulier, mais aussi un element a valoriser au sein des politiques d’amenagement du territoire. Le patrimoine du passe agricole et le developpement touristique recent doivent cohabiter dans l’espace et la memoire locale . Les activites agricoles et touristiques sont compatibles et complementaires. Cet article analyse les qualites touristiques du paysage insulaire de Lanzarote et leur integration a l’amenagement en tant qu’exemple de coordination de strategies territoriales.

In the light of the changes that have taken place in the Canary Islands over the last half century, which have affected agricultural structures in a substantial way, it is the object of this paper to make an updated proposal for a classification of the agricultural landscape of the Canary Islands. Starting from a historiographical revision, the proposals made to date, referring to the classification of the agrarian island landscapes, are analyzed. A critical analysis of these classifications is made, questioning their validity regarding the current conditions and situation and, finally, an update based on seven categories is proposed: landscapes of the abandonment, landscapes of the country tourism, landscapes of the new crops, landscapes of growing and recent urbanization in rural areas, landscapes of export crops, landscapes of soils covered with organogenic sands, pumitas and lapillis and, finally, landscapes of historical crops., A tenor de los cambios acontecidos en las Islas en el último medio siglo y habiendo afectado éstos a las estructuras agrarias de manera sustancial, es objeto del presente trabajo realizar una propuesta actualizada de clasificación del paisaje agrario de Canarias. Partiendo de una revisión historiográfica, se analizan las propuestas realizadas hasta la fecha, referidas a la clasificación de los paisajes agrarios insulares. Se lleva a cabo un análisis crítico de estas clasificaciones, se cuestiona su validez respecto a las condiciones y situación actuales y finalmente se propone una actualización basada en siete categorías: los paisajes del abandono, los paisajes del turismo en el campo, los paisajes de los nuevos cultivos, los paisajes de urbanización creciente y reciente en áreas rurales, los paisajes de cultivos de exportación, los paisajes de suelos cubiertos de arenas organógenas, pumitas y lapillis y, por último, los paisajes de cultivos históricos. [fr] L´objet du présent article c´est effectuer une mise à jour de la classification des paysages agricoles qu´il y a á les Iles Canaries. Cela commence avec un examen historiographique, dans lequel sont analysées les propositions faites à ce jour, concernant le classement des paysages agricoles des îles. On a effectué une analyse critique de ces classifications, est remise en question leur validité respect la situation courant et, enfin, il sont proposés sept catégories: les paysages de l’abandon, les paysages du tourisme dans la campagne, les paysages de nouvelles cultures, les paysages et l’urbanisation croissante récente dans les zones rurales, les paysages de cultures d’exportation, les paysages de sols couverts de sable organogène, pumita et de lapilli et, enfin, les paysages des cultures historiques.

Canarias es uno de los destinos turísticos principales de Europa. El Archipiélago recibió en 2015 más de 13 millones de turistas y todo ello en un territorio muy limitado (7.4 mil km2 y una población de 2.1 millones). Las dimensiones de estas cifras adquieren relevancia en un contexto donde el 63 % de la superficie de las Islas ha sido declarada Reserva Mundial de la Biosfera. Se estudia aquí pues, el impacto del turismo -así como algunas alternativas en aras de paliar dicho impacto-, en las cinco islas que han sido declaradas en su integridad como tales, partiendo de sus particularidades. ABSTRACT The Canary Islands is a major tourist destination in Europe. The Archipelago received than 14 million tourists in 2015, and in a very limited territory (only 7.4 thousand km 2 anda population of 2.1 million). These figures become relevant in a context where 63 % of the area of the islands has been declared a World Biosphere Reserve. We study the impact of tourism –as some alternatives in order to reduce this impact-on the five islands that have been declared in full as World Biosphere Reserves, based on their characteristics.

La ciudad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria es una urbe atlántica que derivó en área metropolitana ya avanzada su historia. El hecho de ser encrucijada de rutas e influencias humanas, comerciales y culturales, la convierte en un espacio de profunda vocación marítima. La ciudad quedó inicialmente confinada a un espacio reducido, entre el mar, por naciente, y un relieve de disposición norte-sur que representó durante siglos el límite occidental de expansión urbana. El objeto del presente trabajo es estudiar la transformación del litoral capitalino en relación al proceso de origen y desarrollo del puerto y la consecuente expansión urbana. Las fuentes básicas son el archivo de la Autoridad Portuaria de Las Palmas, la Oficina de Planeamiento del Ayuntamiento de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Museo Canario, fondo cartográfico y fotografías aéreas del Departamento de Geografía de la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, fondo fotográfico de la Fundación para el Estudio y Desarrollo de la Artesanía Canaria (Fedac). Se realiza un estudio diacrónico y se establecen etapas del proceso. Las Palmas is an Atlantic city that has grown into a metropolitan area. As a crossroads of commercial routes and cultural influences, the city has become an important port. The city was initially confined to a limited space between the sea (to the East) and a terrain that represented for centuries the western limit of urban growth. This work analyses the transformation of the coastal zone of Las Palmas in relation to the origin and development of the port and urban growth. The basic sources have been the archive of the Port Authority of Las Palmas, the Office of Planning of Las Palmas, The Museum of the Canary Islands, and photos from FEDAC and Department of Geography of University of Las Palmas. Este trabajo se enmarca dentro del proyecto Global South. Puertos y desarrollo económico y social en el Atlántico Meridional (1850-1910). HAR2015-64044-R MINECO/FEDER, UE.

Hyperspectral sensors that are mounted in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) offer many benefits for different remote sensing applications by combining the capacity of acquiring a high amount of information that allows for distinguishing or identifying different materials, and the flexibility of the UAVs for planning different kind of flying missions. However, further developments are still needed to take advantage of the combination of these technologies for applications that require a supervised or semi-supervised process, such as defense, surveillance, or search and rescue missions. The main reason is that, in these scenarios, the acquired data typically need to be rapidly transferred to a ground station where it can be processed and/or visualized in real-time by an operator for taking decisions on the fly. This is a very challenging task due to the high acquisition data rate of the hyperspectral sensors and the limited transmission bandwidth. This research focuses on providing a working solution to the described problem by rapidly compressing the acquired hyperspectral data prior to its transmission to the ground station. It has been tested using two different NVIDIA boards as on-board computers, the Jetson Xavier NX and the Jetson Nano. The Lossy Compression Algorithm for Hyperspectral Image Systems (HyperLCA) has been used for compressing the acquired data. The entire process, including the data compression and transmission, has been optimized and parallelized at different levels, while also using the Low Power Graphics Processing Units (LPGPUs) embedded in the Jetson boards. Finally, several tests have been carried out to evaluate the overall performance of the proposed design. The obtained results demonstrate the achievement of real-time performance when using the Jetson Xavier NX for all the configurations that could potentially be used during a real mission. However, when using the Jetson Nano, real-time performance has only been achieved when using the less restrictive configurations, which leaves room for further improvements and optimizations in order to reduce the computational burden of the overall design and increase its efficiency.

This article develops and validates a new methodology and tool for rescue assistance in traffic accidents, with the aim of improving its efficiency and safety in the evacuation of people, reducing the number of victims in road accidents.Different tests supported by professionals and experts have been designed under different circumstances and with different categories of damaged vehicles coming from real accidents and simulated trapped victims in order to calibrate and refine the proposed methodology and tool.To validate this new approach, a tool called App_Rescue has been developed. This tool is based on the use of a computer system that allows an efficient access to the technical information of the vehicle and sanitary information of the common passengers. The time spent during rescue using the standard protocol and the proposed method was compared.This rescue assistance system allows us to make vital information accessible in posttrauma care services, improving the effectiveness of interventions by the emergency services, reducing the rescue time and therefore minimizing the consequences involved and the number of victims. This could often mean saving lives. In the different simulated rescue operations, the rescue time has been reduced an average of 14%.

This paper presents an efficient and low-cost approach for energy analysis of road accidents using images obtained using consumer-grade digital cameras and smartphones. The developed method could be used by security forces in order to improve the qualitative and quantitative analysis of traffic accidents. This role of the security forces is crucial to settle arguments; consequently, the remote and non-invasive collection of accident related data before the scene is modified proves to be essential. These data, taken in situ, are the basis to perform the necessary calculations, basically the energy analysis of the road accident, for the corresponding expert reports and the reconstruction of the accident itself, especially in those accidents with important damages and consequences. Therefore, the method presented in this paper provides the security forces with an accurate, three-dimensional, and scaled reconstruction of a road accident, so that it may be considered as a support tool for the energy analysis. This method has been validated and tested with a real crash scene simulated by the local police in the Academy of Public Safety of Extremadura, Spain.

La década de los sesenta fue una etapa de gran interés para el desarrollo turístico de la isla de La Palma. Varias iniciativas de carácter público y privado, como el impulso para la construcción de un nuevo aeropuerto, diversas urbanizaciones, el plan turístico del Cabildo de 1968 o también la creación de la entidad pública “La Palma, Sociedad Anónima de Turismo” en 1969, constituirán los pilares básicos del futuro desarrollo del turismo en la Isla y serán el resultado del empuje a las inversiones privadas en este sector económico. En la década de los sesenta, ya se habían materializado dos hoteles, mientras que al menos otros tres más, superiores al centenar de plazas cada uno, quedaron inacabados. The sixties was a time of great interest for tourism development on the La Palma island. Various actions of public and private, as the policy of building a new airport, various tourist resorts, the tourism plan of 1968 or insular government also creating public entity "La Palma, Tourism SA” in 1969, will be the basis for future development of tourism on the island and will result push for private investment in this economic sector. Indeed, in the sixties, private investors had opened two hotels, while at least three others over a hundred beds each, weren´t finished. Les années soixante a été un moment de grand intérêt pour le développement du tourisme sur l'île de La Palma. Plusieurs initiatives de public et privé, que l'impulsion pour la construction d'un nouvel aéroport, plusieurs stations touristiques, plan de tourisme Cabildo 1968 et aussi la création de l'organisation publique "La Palma, SA Tourisme" en 1969 sera le résultat de la poussée de l'investissement privé dans ce domaine. Ainsi, dans les années soixante, avait concrétisé deux hôtels, tandis qu'au moins trois autres plus d'une centaine sièges chacun, ont été laissées en suspens.

This paper presents a new approach for energetic analyses of traffic accidents against fixed road elements using close-range photogrammetry. The main contributions of the developed approach are related to the quality of the 3D photogrammetric models, which enable objective and accurate energetic analyses through the in-house tool CRASHMAP. As a result, security forces can reconstruct the accident in a simple and comprehensive way without requiring spreadsheets or external tools, and thus avoid the subjectivity and imprecisions of the traditional protocol. The tool has already been validated, and is being used by the Local Police of Salamanca (Salamanca, Spain) for the resolution of numerous accidents. In this paper, a real accident of a car against a fixed metallic pole is analysed, and significant discrepancies are obtained between the new approach and the traditional protocol of data acquisition regarding collision speed and absorbed energy

La agricultura es un sector económico importante pero actualmente en regresión. El paisaje agrícola constituye un patrimonio que puede ser puesto en valor como recurso turístico, de manera que ambas actividades, agricultura y turismo, se verían mutuamente beneficiadas de esa relación. El presente trabajo aborda la evolución y situación actual del sector vitivinícola, su producción y sistemas de cultivo, distribución espacial y expectativas de futuro. Asimismo, se pone en relación el paisaje vitivinícola con la actividad turística y el uso que del primero se está llevando a cabo, y aún puede potenciarse, como atractivo en rutas y actividades de ocio para los visitantes de Lanzarote. Agriculture is an important economic sector but on regression in relation to the past period. The agricultural landscape is a heritage that can be value as a tourist resource, so that both activities, agriculture and tourism, would mutually benefit from that relationship. This paper deals with the evolution and current status of the wine sector, its production and farming systems, spatial distribution and future expectations. Also, placed in relation the wine landscape with tourist activity and use that is being conducted of the first, and may even be enhanced like attractive on routes and recreational activities for visitors to Lanzarote.

Este trabajo es fruto de un proyecto de investigación realizado para el Ayuntamiento de Telde, consistente en una evaluación externa del Urban Jinámar entre los años 1998 y 1999. En un primer momento se realiza un análisis de los objetivos generales, problemas, etc. que detectó el Urban Jinámar en su comienzo —al igual que un diagnóstico de la situación—. Posteriormente, en una segunda fase, se hace un análisis exhaustivo de las características principales de la población de este espacio, para con posterioridad acometer el estudio de campo que llevó aparejado una encuesta a los habitantes de este espacio y un reconocimiento de las infraestructuras existentes. Por último y en función de ello, desarrollamos la evaluación externa con objeto de detectar las principales deficiencias, teniendo como finalidad principal la consecución de una mayor integración del tejido social y urbano.This work is a project of investigation made for the City council of Telde, consisting of an external evaluation of the Urban Jinámar between years 1998 and 1999. In a first moment it is made a general target analysis, problems, etc. that the Urban Jinámar in its beginning detected —like a diagnosis of the situation—. Later, in one second phase, becomes an exhaustive analysis of the basic characteristicses of the population of this area, towards posteriority to undertake the study field that took prepared a survey to the inhabitants of this area and a recognition of existing infrastructures. Finally, based on it, we developed the external evaluation with object to detect the main deficiencies, having like main purpose the attainment of a greater integration of the social and urban weave.

La brecha demográfica abierta en América Latina en la década de los ochenta del siglo XX tuvo una repercusión negativa muy prolongada sobre las estructuras sociodemográficas y económicas de la región. No obstante, a fines de siglo parecía que la dinámica de deterioro y crisis estructural había adquirido un nuevo rumbo a la luz de los registros demográficos y económicos (fundamentados en los estudios de la CEPAL) que aventuraban a ser optimistas para el futuro de los países latinoamericanos. Ahora bien, esto es así si consideramos al conjunto por el tirón que ejercían algunas economías líderes regionales; por el contrario, el análisis pormenorizado de las situaciones a escala estatal o intraestatal presenta procesos aún agudos de marginalidad y pobreza, especialmente en Mesoamérica y en los estados del sureste de México. Este espacio, caracterizado por la riqueza natural y humana, con mayor porcentaje de población indígena en México, será objeto de atención de esta aportación.The demographic gap opened in Latin America in the decade of the eighties of the 20th century had a negative repercussion very prolonged on the demographic and economic structures of the region. Nevertheless, at the end of century it was looking like that the dynamics of deterioration and structural crisis a new course had acquired in the light of the demographic and economic records (based on the studies of the CEPAL) that were venturing to be optimists for the future of the Latin-American countries. Now then, this is this way if we think to the set for the pull that some economies were practising regional leaders; on the contrary, the analysis detailed of the situations to state scale or intraestatal its presents still acute processes of marginality and poverty, specially in Mesoamérica and in the states of the south-east of Mexico. This space characterized by the natural and human wealth, with bigger percentage of indigenous population in Mexico, will be an object of attention on this paper.

La zona del istmo constituye un espacio de gran atractivo económico por su proximidad al puerto y por ser puente entre la parte de la ciudad con mayor dinamismo económico, zona comprendida entre la avenida Mesa y López, el parque de Santa Catalina y la mencionada zona portuaria. Se plantea el análisis de la propuesta de intervención en el Istmo desde la perspectiva de lo que supone la intervención urbanística en el territorio, de los nuevos usos propuestos, pero también desde la perspectiva del papel del ciudadano en la configuración de la ciudad como parte que interviene.The area of the isthmus is highly attractive from an economic point of view, because of its proximity to the port and because it is a bridge between the most dynamic area of the city, between Avenida Mesa y Lopez and Parque Santa Catalina, and the aforesaid port. This article is an analysis of the plans proposed for the isthmus from the point of view of what this urban development will do to the region and the new uses proposed for the area, but also from the point of view of the role of the city resident in the layout of the city as a stakeholder.

El transporte aéreo, más aún en un territorio fragmentado y alejado como es el caso del Archipiélago canario, ha jugado un papel trascendental para el desarrollo del turismo de masas en los años sesenta y setenta. En efecto, sin la llegada del motor a reacción a Canarias, no se podría comprender el espectacular desarrollo turístico que las Islas experimentaron en este periodo, siendo el principal objetivo de este trabajo, abordar —aunque de forma sucinta—, este proceso absolutamente decisivo para las Islas. ABSTRACT: Air transport has played a significant role in the development of mass tourism in the sixties and seventies, especially in a fragmented territory and away as the Canary Islands. Thus, without the advent of the jet engine to the Canary Islands, can’t understand the spectacular development of tourism in the islands during this period. Thus the main objective of this paper, is to show the decisive role of air transport for tourism development in the Canary Islands.

This work supposes an approximation to the study of the shopping centres and of leisure in Las Palmas of Great Canary from the perspective of the spatial analysis, considering the characteristics of each one of them, the process of location, the consequences of his introduction and the conditions of insertion in the urban space. Este trabajo supone una aproximación al estudio de los centros comerciales y de ocio en Las Palmas de Gran Canaria desde la perspectiva del análisis espacial, considerando las características de cada uno de ellos, el proceso de localización, las consecuencias de su implantación y las condiciones de inserción en el tejido urbano.

Este artículo aborda la organización territorial y evolución reciente de la isla de Lanzarote desde la óptica de su denominación como Reserva de la Biosfera, haciendo espe­cial hincapié en si esta designación ha contri­buido a transformar las bases del desarrollo insular y ha propiciado un modelo alternativo más sostenible.This article approaches the terri­torial organization and recent evolution of Lanzarote’s island from the optics of his de­nomination as Reserve of the Biosphere, do­ing special support in if this designation has helped to transform the bases of the insular development and there has caused a more sustainable alternative model.

El presente trabajo versa sobre las implicaciones medioambientales del desarrollo turístico en la isla de Lanzarote. En este sentido hemos comprobado como su crecimiento afecta al resto de las actividades y ha terciarizado de forma considerable la economía insular.The present article is on turist's develop of Lanzarote Island (Lanary Island). The agriculture is going down, whole than the tourist is over. The economy of island is very third.

Este artículo no dispone de resumen.

Este artículo no dispone de resumen.

Este artículo no dispone de resumen.

Texto resumen.

En este artículo se aborda el análisis de la Reserva de la Biosfera de la isla de Gran Canaria, espacio de gran valor natural y paisajístico pero afectado de serios problemas económico-demográficos debido al estancamiento poblacional y al proceso de abandono de las actividades tradicionales. Frente a esto se plantean programas centrados en solucionar los principales déficit que afectan a la zona para poder cumplir con los compromisos de desarrollo sostenible que conlleva este reconocimiento internacional.