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In the article possibility of water solution LiOH tertiary treatment from chlorine anions after electrolysis is viewed. Analyzing the existing purification methods, it is proposed to use the purification of lithium hydroxide in an ion exchange column. A mathematical model and a computational algorithm for ion exchange column having stationary and moving anionite layers AВ-17-08 in ОН-form are given. Relationships of the main parameters such as working cycle period, usage ratio of ionite exchange volume and specific ratio of solution being purified per 1 kg ionite for standard column have been received. The curves of the chlorine anions density in ionite depending on its layer height in the solution being purified in the middle and at the end of the working cycle period are given. In the article recommendations on prevention of ionite granules abrasion during the operation in ion exchange columns are given.

The article covers a system of self-adaptable automatic adjustment for elastically deformable packing blocks in mass-exchange apparatuses based on the identification of inertial component peaks in the structure of the filtration flow through the layers of elastically deformable packing materials. It shows the possibilities for the use of wastes from metal-building enterprises formed during machine processing of stainless alloyed steels as packing materials in elastically deformable blocks of mass-exchange apparatuses. The article also describes the automatic control system for hydraulic and mechanic modes by means of stepwise volumetric deformation of the blocks with packing materials.

The paper presents the scheme and algorithm of automatic adjustment of process parameters for elastically deformed blocks of packing materials in mass exchange apparatuses by the turbulization index that indicates fluid dynamics bursts of the inertial compound in the structure of the filtration flow and is an instrument for automatic adjustment of flow dynamic modes of developed turbulization and emulsification in elastically deformed packing blocks at the commissioning stage. The article describes main features and prospects of use of industrial wastes from metal-working plants as packing materials in elastically deformable contact blocks in mass exchanges apparatuses.

Based on the developed method of construction of a database of technical functions carried out by physical effects, realized the software with following functions: (a) extraction of technical functions; (b) search of the physical effect description; (c) construction of term-document matrices “Patent - Technical Function” and “Patent - Physical Effect”; (d) construction based on the reduced term-document matrices the matrix “Physical Effect - Technical Function”. The system consists of two main and independent parts: the patents repository and the semantic core. The repository implements a standard CRUD interface for creating, reading, updating, and deleting documents. The semantic core is a library that implements all text processing functionality. The correctness of algorithms work was estimated on a test sample, the method of extraction of technical functions showed the following criteria: precision—0.87, recall—0.77, F—0.82, the method of search of physical effect description showed precision—0.92.

The article presents the results of the experiments on fluid and gas dynamics through a layer of packing material S-Aisi304ε-0, 95 (ε=0, 95, σ=160m2/m3) suggested for use as packing blocks in small-size evaporation cooling apparatuses for industrial recirculated water. Experimentally confirmed effects are covered that prove the performance efficiency of wastes from metal-working machinery as packing materials for contact evaporation blocks. Results of mathematical modelling and engineering calculation of the main process parameters and dimensions for a small-size evaporation cooling apparatus for industrial recirculated water with use of contact blocks filled with the studied packing material are provided.

The paper provides a new approach to the high-quality implementation of gas-liquid and catalytic gas-and liquid-phase reactions in displacement reactors. The authors have described the scheme and algorithm for automatic control of the parameters of the catalyst layer. The authors have developed algorithms (mode) for automatic adjustment of the hydrodynamic and thermal modes of the catalytic section and also the principle of automatic adjustment of the system to a gradual or impulse adjusting mode which in case of liquid-phase reaction products results in active dispersion and mutual mixing of reaction products and sharp activation of hydrodynamic and diffusion processes. The article also covers the main requirements for elastically deformable catalytic layers and the advantages of using metalworking machines wastes as adjustable catalyst layers which will have a very significant environmental effect within the recycling and remarketing program.

In this study, physical and mathematical model of the absorber with countercurrent flow of dispersed gas phase was proposed. The model considered ideal displacement regime and uniform liquid phase with the diffusion flow structure. The calculation algorithm was proposed. The technological and geometrical parameters of absorbers were compared with considered in the study flow structures as well as with flow structures of ideal displacement for both phases. The calculation algorithm for the phases is described in previous studies. The variation observed between the absorber flow structure and ideal displacement requires the increase in the column packing height.

The article describes a new promising heat and mass exchange packing for evaporation cooling maintaining an intensive dripping flow mode and providing for disinfection of circulation water in electric field. The article includes the schematic diagram of the designed packing and a sample calculation of an industrial apparatus for evaporation cooling applying the designed heat and mass exchange packing. The authors describe the principle for preservation of surface properties of the packing elements. A method is offered to process experimental data, which helps to classify the packing material of various configurations, by mass exchange processes. The article also covers the calculation algorithm for key geometric and technological parameters of evaporation cooling apparatuses ensuring intensive dripping and film-dripping flow modes. Initial, reference and calculation parameters of the designed evaporation cooling apparatus with heat and mass exchange packing ensuring an intensive dripping flow mode and providing for disinfection of circulation water was introduced.

Authors use physical effects (PE) to synthesize the physical operation principle of a technical system. PEs implements the technical functions (TF) that describe the functional structure of the declared technical system. The method finds out relationships between physical effects and technical functions performed by them based on the construction of term-document matrices and the search for hidden dependencies in them. To this end, the authors developed a method for extracting descriptions of physical effects from patents in USPTO and RosPatent databases, as well as a method for extracting technical functions from the natural language texts of the same documents. The developed software has been tested for the tasks of extracting physical effects and technical functions from patent documents.

The paper provides a scheme of the designed sectioned mass exchange packing, a description of an experimental plant for studying flow dynamics and heat and mass exchange processes in packing devices, and experimental results of investigation on flow characteristics of the designed sectioned mass exchange packing. The authors describe the advantages and structural aspects of the use of new adjustable packing materials. The authors have studied the use of wastes from metal working machines for packings of heat-and-mass exchange apparatuses as well as the adjustment (self-adjustment) of their basic parameters and flow modes. The article also covers the classifying method for processing of experimental data that helps to perform an express investigation and provide conclusions on the applicability of packing materials for different mass exchange processes. Besides, the authors provide the results of calculation of main process parameters and dimensions of an industrial absorber equipped with a sectioned mass exchange packing each section in which is to be adjusted and managed by flow modes.

In the article an algorithm for calculating the continuous ion exchange column is proposed. By analogy with the calculation of the optimal phlegm number of the rectification column this algorithm takes into consideration depreciation charges for capital costs associated with the size of the column and working capital associated with the consumption of ionite and its regeneration. This algorithm can be used to calculate depreciation charges for capital costs related to column sizes and working capital regarded to ionite consumption and regeneration. Examples of ionite consumption calculation at typical and proposed algorithms of calculation and technological and geometric parameters used in column of water purification from sodium cations are given. Thus, in a typical calculation, when the water being purified from sodium cations moves in the ideal displacement mode and the excess of ionite is 1% of its minimum consumption. The optimal ionite consumption corresponding to the minimum of capital costs and working capital, which requires an increase in the ionite consumption by 5.6% of its minimum consumption. In this case the cost of ion exchange increases by 4.5%. It confirms the recommendations for industrial operation and design of ion exchange columns and increases the minimum ionite consumption by 1÷10%. The continuous ion exchange column was calculated including the longitudinal diffusion. Necessity of the further increase of the ionite consumption with regard to the longitudinal diffusion is shown. In the article an example of the ion exchange process calculation in comparison with the typical one, when the displacement mode for the treated water is ideal, is given. Similar equations for the dependences of the concentration of extracted ions in the purified solution and ionite granules are proposed if the equilibrium dependence is described by a linear equation. The working line is dependent on the concentration of the extracted ions in an ionite and on their concentration in the purified water, first, because of a jump in concentration at the inlet and a concave shape of the working line (the latter is usually a straight one in case of the mass-transfer processes) reduces the local and average driving forces of mass-transfer process significantly. It leads to increasing of the moving layer height of the ion exchanger in the column 2 times, and can lead to crossing the line of equilibrium by reducing the concentration jump at the entrance. Consequently, it is necessary to increase ionite consumption by more than 18% compared to its minimum consumption.

The paper presents main calculation dependencies, their advantages and disadvantages for calculating the hydraulic resistance of granular and porous layers in the area of low filtration rates. Approaches are given to account for the influence of porosity and size of particles (sorbent granules) that differ in the values of constants and different ways to account for the influence of particle shape on the hydraulic resistance of the granular layer.

Nowadays using of various computer-aided design systems is the most perspective method of getting new technical solutions. In those systems used special databases, which stored physical knowledge that is represented by Physical Effects (PhE). The physical effect is the connection between two or more physical phenomena, which are characterized by physical quantities. Authors of this paper developed a methodology for calculation of PhE’s compatibility, an algorithm for constructing structures of physical operation principle (POP) of new technical systems. Developed software has been implemented and tested for tasks of POP synthesis with enhanced conditions of physical effects compatibility (quantitative compatibility conditions, PhE objects with structural transformation comparing). The developed software is more effective than the POP synthesis softwares such as “Assistant”, “Novator”, “Intellect”, “SAPFIT”.

The paper covers the prospects to use industrial wastes from machine-building enterprises, appearing while machining various steel grades, as packing materials for industrial absorbers for environmental cleaning processes of gas emissions. The article provides obtained and processed in the criterial way experimental data in hydrodynamics of a packing material sample from metal working machines wastes appearing while treating Aisi 316Ti steel bars; packing material according to the classification method for processing experimental data λ=f(Rem) is oriented to the absorption process during selective gas cleaning in environmental equipment. The authors have compared the studied packing material to the packing that are widely used in industries. The authors have studied the main experimentally confirmed hydrodynamic effects indicating the high efficiency of the proposed packing material. The authors have made calculations for a small-sized industrial absorber for cleaning gas emissions with the use of the studied packing material.

This study presents an approaches for evaluation of synthesized structures of the physical operation principle of designing technical systems on the basis of Graph theory and the mathematical tools of Petri nets and Bayesian networks. The developed synthesis methods show an increase of the performance and quality of computer-aided design of technical system as compared with the existing software systems of the physical operation principle synthesis as a result of ignoring the unrealizable structures.