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Forged high-performance components form the basis of technical innovations in the energy and transport sector. Great efforts are undertaken to develop new materials for forging, aiming at optimizing both the material performance and the effort needed for materials processing. The development of new forging alloys is accomplished using computational methods in combination with experimental techniques. The experimental characterization is time-consuming and requires a significant material effort. In high-alloy grades, inevitable segregations occur during casting which require substantial efforts for homogenizing the alloys by annealing and forging. In this work, gas atomization of powder and Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is explored as a new means to provide small, homogeneous samples of the desired alloys at reduced processing times. In this regard, gas atomization is used to produce raw material for SLM, which is used to prepare the specimens for the analysis of forging process parameters. The Waspaloy is considered in this work. SLM and conventional specimens are compared by means of hot isostatic compression tests in a dilatometer to determine the flow stress and microstructure evolution. The work shows that thermomechanical treatment of the as-printed state allows to convert the additive manufactured (AM) microstructures into structures that are useful inferring on the forging properties of the considered alloy., Procedia Manufacturing, 47, ISSN:2351-9789, 23rd International Conference on Material Forming

The paper presents a new technology for the oil and gas industry for azimuthal electromagnetic scanning of the first tubular wall defects, the basis of which is a small-sized sector scanning tool that measures the pipe wall thickness. The paper presents the results of laboratoryand well tests, as well as the early field surveys using this technology. These constitute thebasis on which the actual sensitivity of the technology and its prospects in diagnosing well integrity are determined.

Efficient lightweight solutions are of great interest in many industries (aviation, automotive) particularly regarding the limitation of CO2-emissions and material waste. An innovative strategy to address these challenges is the use of hybrid manufacturing. Additive manufacturing (laser metal deposition, LMD) and conventional forming methods (hole-flanging) are used to optimize and functionalize AA 6016 sheet metal parts, which are widely used in the manufacturing of car body parts. First of all, the effects of the additive reinforcements on the mechanical and microstructural properties are investigated using tensile and microstructural tests. After manufacturing reinforced blanks and performing subsequent forming operations, the parts are investigated regarding damages and functionalized through threading. This allows the application of a bolt connection, which is tested through rip-off tests to evaluate the effect of the reinforcements on the fracture forces. It can be shown, that reinforcements can be manufactured without defects and virtually no porosity and the formability is only slightly reduced compared to conventional materials. At the same time, the performance of the reinforced bolt joint can be enhanced while the increase in weight can be limited to relatively small amounts., Production Engineering, 15 (2)

The industrial development of new materials in metal forming is a time consuming, iterative process. Although it is already being attempted to predict the properties of new materials using computational methods, experimental production and characterization must always be carried out. This typically involves casting of larger blocks of material, which are then processed to specimens. Particularly in the case of high-alloyed materials (e.g., nickel-base superalloys) pronounced macrosegregations occur, which must be removed by time-consuming homogenization. In this paper, additive manufacturing of small specimens is investigated as an alternative to traditional ways for developing new alloys for metal forming. The microstructure and thermomechanical transformation behavior of as-built material are analyzed and it is shown that thermomechanical treatment of the as-built state allows for transforming the microstructure in such a way that processing parameters for forming and final product properties can be identified.

The well integrity monitoring including Sustained Annulus Pressure (SAP) assessment on offshore stationary platforms in the conditions of a limited number of well slots plays an important role in the development of oilfield with thin oil rims and a massive gas cap. The presence of SAP leads to uncontrolled release of gas or liquid to the surface, disruption the operating condition of the wells and its completion components, that overall can result to severe accidents at the offshore oil and gas production facility. Another difficulty that SAP brings is secondary gas cap accumulation across untargeted reservoir zones that might lead to blowouts in operating wells. To identify the causes of SAP, constant monitoring of annulus pressure, as well as proper diagnostics are needed. One of the most reliable and effective methods for identifying SAP causes is Through-Barrier Diagnostics that able to accurately localize reservoir-sources of SAP behind multiple casing strings in the wells, which helps production engineers further production strategy and weighted workover planning. Conventional diagnostics on identifying SAP sources is significantly limited by complexity of the well construction and downhole equipment. This paper describes using of Through-Barrier Diagnostics on the sources of SAP identification on the ice-resistant stationary platform named after Yuri Korchagin, detailly explains the approach and challenges on real case studies. High precision temperature and passive spectral acoustics play a key role in described technique. Passive spectral acoustics, which have a scanning radius of about a few meters, helps to detect fluid flows in the reservoir and behind casing channels in cracked cement.

Additive manufacturing (AM) offers the possibility of locally reinforcing sheet metal or sheet metal products by adding patches that are metallurgically bonded to the substrate. Due to the high design freedom of AM, patches can be easily adapted to loads in geometry and thickness. However, the heat input and the high cooling rates during AM processes have a strong influence on the microstructure in the patch as well as in the substrate, which will affect forming properties. The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of patches produced by laser material deposition (LMD) on formability of micro-alloyed sheet metals. After determining a suitable process window for metallurgically bonded patches without cracks and pores, investigations were carried out on the microstructure and mechanical properties of reinforced samples. This work includes metallographic examinations using optical microscopy, hardness measurements and tensile tests. The formability of sheets with local reinforcement was investigated by stretching and Nakajima tests. The heat input creates a heat affected zone (HAZ) directly next to the patches with a reduced strength, caused by recrystallization that may lead to failure in the forming process and thus limits the forming capacity of locally reinforced sheet metals. A subsequent laser heat treatment can homogenize the properties in the HAZ., Procedia Manufacturing, 47, ISSN:2351-9789, 23rd International Conference on Material Forming

Additive manufacturing (AM) processes such as Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) are highly flexible and particularly suited for manufacturing complex geometries in small batch-sizes. In the case of large batch-sizes, the low production rate of WAAM is a bottleneck, and therefore forming processes with higher production rates are more suitable. However, forming processes such as closed die forging require dedicated tooling and hence lack the flexibility needed to produce product variants. The current study proposes to combine additive manufacturing with forging to form hybrid components with high complexity and acceptable production rates. This is particularly advantageous for parts that are produced in variants. However, the main challenge in achieving a combination of these manufacturing technologies is the design of the process chain, ensuring that the final properties meet the specifications of the part. In this regard, the process sequence of forming followed by WAAM is investigated. The base material EN AW-6082 was formed to a preform by forging, followed by the deposition of different aluminum alloys by WAAM. The evolution of mechanical properties such as hardness and microstructure was analyzed. Based on the experimental observations, strategies to improve the performance of the hybrid components are presented., Procedia Manufacturing, 47, ISSN:2351-9789, 23rd International Conference on Material Forming

Wire-arc additive manufacturing is an additive manufacturing technology which allows for high deposition rates and is well suited for manufacturing larger parts in a short time compared to other additive manufacturing technologies. The technology has already received considerable industrial take-up for various materials and applications. The aim of this work is to investigate the alloy EN AW 6016 as wire stock for WAAM. To establish this, aluminum wire was produced by wire drawing. Using this wire, specimens were produced on base plate material using a variety of process parameters. These parts were then used to evaluate the mechanical properties. Further properties such as porosity and hardness were investigated using light optical microscopy. Based on the results, the potential of the alloy for WAAM of lightweight parts is discussed., Procedia Manufacturing, 47, ISSN:2351-9789, 23rd International Conference on Material Forming

Mechanical joining processes provide various advantages over conventional fusion welding of metallic components such as shorter cycle times, little or no heat input and reduced need for subsequent surface finishing operations. Several investigations in the past have shown that joints between tubes and sheets or plates can be manufactured by upsetting operations. Under axial compression, the tube develops a plastic instability in form of bulge. In-between two such bulges, a force and form fit to sheet material can be created. Previous work concentrated on forming fully developed bulges, i.e., at the end of the bulging process, both hinges of the bulge are in contact. This paper presents a numerical and experimental study aiming at optimizing the bulge shape to increase the bearable limit loads. Two new bulge designs are investigated, an ‘arrow bulge’ and a ‘wave bulge’. The paper details the results of FE-simulations of the bulge shapes under bending and torsion loads. Forming tools were designed and both bulge shapes were produced experimentally. The results show that the material flow under compressive plastic instability can be controlled and that the resulting bulge shapes yield improved strength in various load cases.

Metal forming often draws upon cutting or machining operations to produce the final part geometry. Both in sheet and in bulk metal forming, a large amount of scrap is produced by the limited capability of metal forming processes for net-shape production. Additive manufacturing, in contrast, enables the production of complex components with only little requirements for finishing operations. Its drawbacks, however, are the low productivity, the limited part size and the high energy consumption for powder production and melting during manufacturing. This paper explores the potential of combining metal forming and additive manufacturing to new process chains from the viewpoint of energy consumption. The production of load-adapted, locally reinforced sheet metal parts of Aluminium alloys is considered. The energy requirements for metal forming, additive manufacturing and the combination of both processes are compared. Powder production from primary and secondary Aluminium is regarded. 54 powder-producing companies were identified, 11 of which offer Aluminium powder material. So far, only a single company produces Aluminium powder from secondary Aluminium. It is shown that the process combination of metal forming and additive manufacturing may enable substantial energy savings for powder produced from secondary Aluminium.

Especially in crash relevant car body structures, local reinforcements of sheet metal parts can combine high crash performance and lightweight design. Patchwork blanks (PB) can be used to manufacture locally reinforced hot stampings. However, PB may entail disadvantages like corrosion in the gap between patch and base material or low formability of the joining zone and low shear strength at the spot welds. Additively manufactured local patches with metallurgical bonding to the substrate material are a promising alternative. The patches are generated by Laser Metal Deposition (LMD), where metal powder is melted together with the surface of the substrate to build a metallurgical bond. This new approach has already been tested with steel and aluminum alloys. For hot stamping of 22MnB5 steel, the hardenability of the additively manufactured material is of key importance. With quenching experiments, a similar hardening behavior of additively manufactured 22MnB5 compared to conventional sheet material can be shown. Based on this, a component with additive reinforcements was manufactured by hot stamping. For this purpose, rolled 22MnB5 sheets were locally reinforced by LMD and subsequently formed in a hot stamping process. The formability of locally reinforced sheets and the hardenability of the additively manufactured 22MnB5 patches are analyzed and compared with quenching experiments. Additionally, the hardenability and martensite/bainite transformation of additively manufactured 22MnB5 is investigated using dilatometer experiments and compared to conventional 22MnB5.

Intermetallic Titanium Aluminides (TiAl) have been designed for high-temperature lightweight applications. Powder-bed additive manufacturing (AM) processes such as laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) or electron beam melting (EBM) allow near-net-shape production of TiAl components. However, TiAl parts produced by LPBF or EBM do not reach the structural integrity and mechanical properties of forged parts. The main post-processing step of TiAl parts made by AM is hot-isostatic pressing (HIP), which has several disadvantages such as a long process time and an undesired coarsening of the microstructure. High-performance TiAl components such as turbine blades are thus still produced by isothermal forging of preforms made by investment casting and hot isostatic pressing. Due to the low workability of TiAl alloys, often more than one deformation step is required, and the tooling costs and the low material yield make this process chain very expensive. This paper explores the feasibility of combining AM with isothermal forming in order to replace HIP by thermomechanical post-processing. The hot forming behavior of the Ti-43.5Al-4Nb-1Mo-0.1B (at. %) TNM-B1 alloy, manufactured by EBM and LPBF, is analyzed concerning the evolution of the voids and grain sizes and compared to hot isostatic pressing. It is shown that the fine microstructure produced by AM yields a much lower flow stress and faster globularization kinetics in comparison to conventional cast and HIPed material. While HIP experiments are shown to significantly coarsen the microstructure, isothermal hot working is shown to convert the AM microstructure to a dense and refined state. Moderate hot working with total strains of ∼1 of AM pre-forms may thus serve as an alternative process chain to conventional large strains forging of cast pre-forms and to AM + HIP in the series production of high-performance TiAl components.

As an alternative to joining by fusion welding, joining by upset bulging (JUB) can be applied in cases where tubes are joined to plates, sheet metal, or other tubes and profiles. If a tube is joined to a pierced flat plate, joining is accomplished by creating bulges in the tube by axial compression, which enclose and securely lock the plate. The JUB process has a large potential for reducing cycle times, realizing joints between different materials and for increasing the dimensional accuracy of the joints compared to fusion welding. The joints produced by this forming technique are free from the negative impact of heat affected zones on the material properties. However, the material undergoes large plastic deformation during the JUB process. When the bulges are fully compressed, local damage and failure can be observed which reduce the service life properties of the joints. This paper presents an experimental and numerical study of the damage evolution and crack initiation in mechanical joining by upset bulging. Experiments were carried out to analyse the occurrence of failure. The results are supported by FE analyses. Nucleation of cracks strongly depends on the final bulge height and consequently on the degree of deformation on the inner side of bulges. Tensile tests show that cracks in the bulge reduce the strength of the joint to half of the undamaged material. A new bulge design with a modified shape is presented, which reduces the damaging effect of the upset bulging process and thus improves the strength of the joints.

In this paper there is proposed a method of user interface design, which is based on semantic model of user activity in the domain, which is formed by the end user himself in natural language, as a source data for design. This description is further transformed into a mechanism of action, the combination of which can be called a model. Also the paper contains the analysis of possible models used in model-oriented approaches to interface development, advantages and features of the proposed model are highlighted. Based on the model in the form of action mechanisms, the user interface of the information system is formed. The paper contains the general example of the process of user interface construction.

New technological challenges like electro-mobility pose an increasing demand for cost-efficient processes for the production of product variants. This demand opens the possibility to combine established die-based manufacturing methods and innovative, dieless technologies like additive manufacturing [1, 2]. In this context, additive manufacturing technologies allow for the weight-efficient local reinforcement of parts before and after forming, enabling manufacturers to produce product variants from series parts [3].Previous work by the authors shows that the optimal shape of the reinforcing structure can be determined using sizing optimization. Sheet metal parts can then be reinforced using laser metal deposition. The material used is a pearlite-reduced, micro-alloyed steel (ZE 630). The aim of this paper is to determine the effect of the additive manufacturing process on the material behavior and the mechanical properties of the base material and the resulting composite material. The parameters of the AM process are optimized to reach similar material properties in the base material and the build-up volume. A metallographic analysis of the parts is presented, where the additive layers, the base material and also the bonding between the additive layers and the base material are analyzed. The paper shows the feasibility of the approach and details the resulting mechanical properties and performance.New technological challenges like electro-mobility pose an increasing demand for cost-efficient processes for the production of product variants. This demand opens the possibility to combine established die-based manufacturing methods and innovative, dieless technologies like additive manufacturing [1, 2]. In this context, additive manufacturing technologies allow for the weight-efficient local reinforcement of parts before and after forming, enabling manufacturers to produce product variants from series parts [3].Previous work by the authors shows that the optimal shape of the reinforcing structure can be determined using sizing optimization. Sheet metal parts can then be reinforced using laser metal deposition. The material used is a pearlite-reduced, micro-alloyed steel (ZE 630). The aim of this paper is to determine the effect of the additive manufacturing process on the material behavior and the mechanical properties of the base material and the resulting composite material. The parameters of the AM ...

Within the scope of consumer-oriented production, individuality and cost-effectiveness are two essential aspects, which can barely be met by traditional manufacturing technologies. Conventional metal forming techniques are suitable for large batch sizes. If variants or individualized components have to be formed, the unit costs rise due to the inevitable tooling costs. For such applications, additive manufacturing (AM) processes, which do not require tooling, are more suitable. Due to the low production rates and limited build space of AM machines, the manufacturing costs are highly dependent on part size and batch size. Hence, a combination of both manufacturing technologies i.e. conventional metal forming and additive manufacturing seems expedient for a number of applications. The current study develops a process chain combining forming and additive manufacturing. First, a semi-finished product is formed with forming tools of reduced complexity and then finished by additive manufacturing. This research investigates the addition of features using AlSi12 created by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) on formed EN-AW 6082 preforms. By forming, the strength of the material was increased, while this effect was partly reduced by the heat input of the WAAM process.

Durch eine systematische Vorgehensweise und den konsequenten Abgleich der Ergebnisse aus experimentellen und numerischen Untersuchungen konnte zunachst ein tiefgreifendes Verstandnis fur die beim Knickbauchen wirksamen Mechanismen entwickelt und daraus abgeleitete Verfahrensgrenzen ermittelt und in Form eines Arbeitsdiagrammes fur den Werkstoff E235+N dargestellt werden. Im Hinblick auf eine breite industrielle Nutzung des Knickbauchens als Fugeverfahren wurde auserdem eine sowohl aus technologischer als auch aus fertigungstechnischer und wirtschaftlicher Sichtweise geeignete Methode entwickelt und anhand praktischer und numerischer Versuche validiert.

Joining by upset bulging is a mechanical joining method where axial load is applied to a tube to form two revolving bulges, which clamp the parts to be joined and create a force and form fit. It can be used to join tubes with other structures such as sheets, plates, tubes or profiles of the same or different materials. Other processes such as welding are often limited in joining multi-material assemblies or high-strength materials. With joining by upset bulging at room temperature, the main drawback is the possible initiation of damage (cracks) in the inner buckling zone because of high local stresses and strains. In this paper, a method to avoid the formation of cracks is introduced. Before forming the bulge the tube is locally heated by an induction coil. For the construction steel (E235+N) a maximum temperature of 700 °C was used to avoid phase transformation. For the numerical study of the process the mechanical properties of the tube material were examined at different temperatures and strain rates t...

Metals 7(4), 113 (2017). doi:10.3390/met7040113, Published by MDPI, Basel

Tailored blanks are established solutions for the production of load-adapted sheet metal components. In the course of the individualization of production, such semi-finished products are gaining importance. In addition to tailored welded blanks and tailored rolled blanks, patchwork blanks have been developed which allow a local increase in sheet thickness by welding, gluing or soldering patches onto sheet metal blanks. Patchwork blanks, however, have several limitations, on the one hand, the limited freedom of design in the production of patchwork blanks and, on the other hand, the fact that there is no optimum material bonding with the substrate. The increasing production of derivative and special vehicles on the basis of standard vehicles, prototype production and the functionalization of components require solutions with which semi-finished products and sheet metal components can be provided flexibly with local thickenings or functional elements with a firm metallurgical bond to the substrate. An alter...

Existing data modeling notations and methods of database development are dedicated to technicians. At the same time, there is a tendency to involve the end-user in the development process. This requires the creation of new modeling notations and development methods for databases area. These tools should be understandable both to end-users and to developers. Because of unified understanding, it is possible to consider the action of the subject (end-user) as a basis of such modelling and designing tools. Subject's action describes the process of creating domain concepts with which end-users are working and which developers should implement in an information system. The paper proposes a subject-oriented data model and its modeling notation, which are devoted to the end user. Minimizing of graphic primitives quantity and universalization of modeling tools are results of using both the unified structure of action mechanism and its variable content.

Existing object concept of systems building where in center stage is put software object that implements the functions assigned to it, leading to a mismatch of the solutions obtained and domain. This applies both to information systems in general and in particular databases. The object approach uses concepts with a concrete sense, which greatly limits the variability of systems, including configurable systems. To solve this problem requires a transition to subject-oriented concept, in center of which is placed the process of obtaining the object. This concept requires working with concepts with implicit sense, which is specified according to the situation in different ways. In turn, the storage in a subject-oriented concept should provide advanced as compared to the database functionality. The paper proposes a model of subject-oriented storage of concepts sense for configurable information systems and the method of its implementation.

The problem of data storing in configurable information systems is solved today by introducing redundancy in the storage structure and interaction logic between information system and storage. Causes which are forcing developers of configurable information systems to introduce such a redundancy are rooted in diverse ways to present system parts and the absence of a single coherent system model. To avoid redundancy and to create new generation of configurable information systems an unified abstraction. Studies have shown that the most appropriate abstraction to a subject area as well as to information systems is the action abstraction. An information system inherently is nothing but a reflection of user actions with the help of computer technology.

Titanium aluminide (TiAl) turbine blades produced by isothermal forging have recently been implemented in the low-pressure part of commercial aircraft jet engines. However, the slow speed of isothermal forging, costly molybdenum-based dies and the required protective forging atmosphere makes the process rather expensive. Currently, industrial forging is done by closed-die isothermal forging processes with stationary dies. Idle time occurs when single parts are inserted and extracted from the dies. As an interesting alternative for forging small parts, a new set-up is devised and explored in this work, i.e., batch processing. Using a die set which allow for off-line preassembly and preheating, multiple parts can be forged in one stroke. The design of the batch process was based on a new material model, which was implemented into a finite element system to identify the forging parameters. The setup of the press transport system for batch processing, as well as the results of the simulations and forging experiments are presented. A cost comparison between the new process and conventional forging with stationary dies concludes that for smaller parts such as compressor blades, batch processing offers advantages regarding productivity and cost.

The new innovative materials enable the production of rail vehicles with excellent crash safety as well as with less weight. This article presents the results of the research project “Crash-safe front modules for rail vehicles of aluminium foam”. The team of the project consists of user, manufacturer and developer. The partners are Bombardier Transportation, Wilhelm Schmidt Co., AMIC Angewandte Micromesstechnik Co. and Chair of Design and Manufacturing of The Technical University of Cottbus. The main object of this research project was the developing of technology for the production of front module for ITINO-Trainset of aluminium foam sandwich (AFS). The technical and economic feasibility of front modules made of this innovative material should be demonstrated.

Eine gute Umformbarkeit von Blechhalbzeugen aus Magnesiumknetlegierungen stellt sich bekanntlich bei Anwendung von Umformtemperaturen im Bereich von 175 °C – 240 °C ein. Anhand der wirkmedienbasierten Umformverfahren hydromechanisches Tiefziehen und Hochdruckblechumformung ist an handelsublichen AZ31B-0 Feinblechen die Einstellung unterschiedlicher Umformparameter erprobt worden. Unter Verwendung von Umformtemperaturen von 175 °C, 200 °C, 225 °C und 240 °C und entsprechend angepassten Niederhalterdrucken ist eine praxisnahe Versuchsgeometrie „Minihood” ausgeformt worden. Im Hinblick auf angewendete Umformverfahren und Versuchsparameter wurde an den Versuchsbauteilen die Blechdickenabnahme und die Radienauspragung bewertet und verglichen. Fur ausgewahlte Versuchsbauteile, umgeformt mittels der Hochdruckblechumformung bei Temperaturen von 175 °C und 225 °C, ist eine erganzende Untersuchung hinsichtlich der durch den Umformvorgang verursachten Veranderungen von Oberflachenkennwerten durchgefuhrt worden. Anhand dieser Ergebnisse werden Hinweise auf die Grenzen des Einsatzes der o.g. Umformverfahren fur Magnesiumblech des Legierungstyps AZ31B-0 gegeben. Hydro Mechanical Deep-Drawing and High Pressure Sheet Metal Forming as Forming Technologies for the Production of Complex Parts Made of Magnesium Sheet Metal AZ31B-0 Semi - finished sheet - metal products made of magnesium alloys such as AZ31B are known as better deformable at temperatures in the range of 175 °C - 240 °C. By means of hydroforming technologies, as there are hydro mechanical deep-drawing and high pressure sheet metal forming, the influence of different forming parameters on the forming results has been investigated. A more complex experimental geometry was deformed applying forming temperatures of 175 °C, 200 °C, 225 °C and 240 °C and accordingly adjusted forces of the blank holder. Concerning the applied forming - methods and experimental parameters the forming results have been evaluated and compared regarding the decrease of sheet thickness and the development of small radii. For some experimental parts, which have been deformed by means of high pressure sheet metal forming at temperatures of 175 °C and 225 °C, supplementary investigations have been carried out in order to determine the evolution of characteristic surface values in dependence on the forming operation. On the basis of these results practical recommendations for the limits of application of aforementioned forming technologies for AZ31B-0 magnesium sheet metal are given.

The article presents an approach to the development of systems based on a methodological approach. Information system may be represented as a methodological system, which describes the structure and content of the work of all actors involved in the development process. The concept of mechanism is proposed to use as methodological form of work representation. Mechanisms in the system have interpenetration and interaction and form a structure which is a form of methodological knowledge of system creation. Methodological approach applications will simplify the development and adaptation of information systems.

The Integrated Life Cycle Model demands presence of the information environment which combines in it functions on storage of a subject domain description, a configuration of system and a user data. The given information environment is based on the Structure-Independent Database operated by Database Management System. Using of the Integrating Information Environment allows to raise information systems flexibility, to lower expenses and terms for developing, to refuse the Relational approach to databases design. In the article requirements to the Integrating Information Environment are stated. The analysis of matrix representation of entities and their sets in Relational model and Entity-Attribute-Value model is made. The Integrating Information Environment and realization of a Structure-Independent Database is described.

Static databases are a class of databases that can solve a problem to add new entities and attributes without changing their physical structure. Structure-independent database is relates to this class. To use it successfully we need to estimate its performance in comparison with a relational database. This article presents structures of selection and inserting procedures in relational and structure-independent databases. As a result, computational experiments were held and quantitative estimation is given.

The possibility of applying the theory metacomputation to represent the business processes is considered. It is proposed to use methods metacomputation for analysis of business processes and their properties. The construction of the Business Process Configuration Tree from IDEF3diagram is described. An example of a convolution of the Business Process Configuration Tree into Configuration Graph is described. The use of one of the metacomputation methods — supercompilation is considered to a business processanalysis.

We propose a method of developing different structure-independent databases using relational technology. The method allows depending on the motivation of the developer to obtain various structure independent databases using relational technology. The requirements that structure-independent database must satisfy have been formulated. Alternatives of method realization were considered

Kurzfassung Leichtbauteile aus umgeformten Magnesiumblechen lassen sich derzeit auf Grund der eingeschränkten Umformeigenschaften noch nicht wirtschaftlich herstellen. Um die Vorteile der wirkmedienbasierten Umformung auch bei der Umformung von Magnesiumblechen anwenden zu können, muss sie jedoch mit temperierten Werkzeugen und Wirkmedien erfolgen. In diesem Beitrag wird über die wirkmedienbasierte Warmumformung von Magnesiumblechen mit den beiden Verfahren Hochdruckblechumformung und hydromechanisches Tiefziehen berichtet. Dabei werden die Vorteile gegenüber dem konventionellen Tiefziehen ermittelt.

For today conditions of using information systems presuppose availability of tools, by which developers can quickly adjust their products in accordance with the updated requirements. In connection with this arises the problem of automating the information systems development and reducing the share of labor expenditures for writing the source code. The paper presents a solution for this problem, which is based on the modernization of data and knowledge storing technologies. The concept of the meta-database is proposed. The requirements for the meta-database are formulated. The formal and the graphical model are given features of the meta-database implementation with using relational technology are described. The questions of constructing and utilization a development platform based on the meta-database are examined.

In this paper we’d like to propose a formal model of structure-independent databases. This formal model allows to describe and implement not only different SIDB that are implemented on relational technology, but also the tools of working with them. Model contains set of relations and operations which are basic and can be supplemented depending on the characteristics and requirements of implementation. To provide the flexibility structure-independent databases presupposes manipulation of data and metadata structures