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The key problem of the instability of fluorine-containing diazadienes was addressed to perform the efficient synthesis of imidazolium salts containing fluorine substituents in the aryl groups. The subsequent reaction of fluorine-containing imidazolium compounds (NHC

The Mizoroki-Heck reaction is one of the most known and best studied catalytic transformations and has provided an outstanding driving force for the development of catalysis and synthetic applications. Three out of four classical Mizoroki-Heck catalytic cycle intermediates contain Pd-C bonds and are well known and studied in detail. However, a simple palladium hydride (which is formed after the product-releasing β-H-elimination step) is a kind of elusive intermediate in the Mizoroki-Heck reaction. In the present study, we performed a combined theoretical and mass spectrometry (MS) study of palladium hydride complexes [PdX2H]- (X = Cl, Br, and I), which are reactive intermediates in the Mizoroki-Heck reaction. Static and molecular dynamic calculations revealed that these species have a T-shaped structure with a trans-arrangement of halogen atoms. Other isomers of [PdX2H]- are unstable and easily rearrange into the T-shaped form or decompose. These palladium hydride intermediates were detected by MS in precatalyst activation using NaBH4, Et3N, and a solvent molecule as reducing agents. Online MS monitoring allowed the detection of [PdX2H]- species in the course of the Mizoroki-Heck reaction.

The product of a revealed transformation-NHC-ethynyl coupling-was observed as a catalyst transformation pathway in the Sonogashira cross-coupling, catalyzed by Pd/NHC complexes. The 2-ethynylated azolium salt was isolated in individual form and fully characterized, including X-ray analysis. A number of possible intermediates of this transformation with common formulae (NHC)n Pd(C2 Ph) (n=1,2) were observed and subjected to collision-induced dissociation (CID) and infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) experiments to elucidate their structure. Measured bond dissociation energies (BDEs) and IRMPD spectra were in an excellent agreement with quantum calculations for coupling product π-complexes with Pd0 . Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the observed multiple CID fragmentation pathways. An unconventional methodology to study catalyst evolution suggests the reported transformation to be considered in the development of new catalytic systems for alkyne functionalization reactions.

An efficient strategy was developed for directing-group-free C–H functionalization of biomass-derived C6 furanic building block. Palladium-catalyzed C–H functionalization of the low-reactive C3 pos...

The first example of an intermolecular thiol–yne–ene coupling reaction is reported for the one-pot construction of C−S and C−C bonds. Thiol–yne–ene coupling opens a new dimension in building molecular complexity to access densely functionalized products. The employment of Eosin Y/DBU/MeOH photocatalytic system suppresses hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and associative reductant upconversion (via C−S three-electron σ-bond formation). Investigation of the reaction mechanism by combining online ESI-UHRMS, EPR spectroscopy, isotope labeling, determination of quantum yield, cyclic voltammetry, Stern–Volmer measurements and computational modeling revealed a unique photoredox cycle with four radical-involving stages. As a result, previously unavailable products of the thiol–yne–ene reaction were obtained in good yields with high selectivity. They can serve as stable precursors for synthesizing synthetically demanding activated 1,3-dienes.

An atom-economic ring construction approach to the synthesis of α-(hetero)arylfurans based on renewable furanic platform chemicals has been developed. Corresponding compounds have been prepared in good to excellent yields via [2+2+2] and [4+2] cycloaddition reactions using metal-catalyzed or photoredox protocols. Easily available HMF-based 2-hydroxymethyl-5-ethynylfuran and 2-hydroxymethyl-5-cyanofuran were used as starting materials. A synthetic route with an improved carbon economy factor has been implemented to achieve sustainability aim. The possible application of arylfurans as molecular conductors has been investigated by DFT calculations, which revealed excellent charge transfer properties. As a future perspective, integration of biomass processing strategy into manufacturing of molecular electronics was pointed out to achieve the aim of sustainability.

This work reveals ambident nucleophilic reactivity of imidazolium cations towards carbonyl compounds at the C2 or C4 carbene centers depending on the steric properties of the substrates and reaction conditions. Such an adaptive behavior indicates the dynamic nature of organocatalysis proceeding via a covalent interaction of imidazolium carbenes with carbonyl substrates and can be explained by generation of the H-bonded ditopic carbanionic carbenes.

The reaction of [Na][C2B8H11] with anhydrous FeCl2 in THF affords a mixture of DD/LL and MESO isomers of anionic paramagnetic commo-ferracarborane [Ph3PR][commo-1,1′-Fe(closo-2,4-C2B8H10)2] (MESO, R = Me: 1a; MESO, Et: 1b; DD/LL, R = Me: 2a; DD/LL, R = Et: 2b) with unusual closo geometry. Both: DD/LL and MESO isomers were successfully isolated and their structures were determined using X-Ray diffraction studies. Paramagnetic properties were confirmed with EPR-spectra as well as oxidative-reductive properties were investigated using cyclic voltammetry. It was shown that facile DD/LL → MESO and MESO → DD/LL transformation leading to equilibrium in CH2Cl2 solution occurs. Quantum chemical calculations of the isomer-to-isomer transformations were performed. Ferra-copper zwitterionic complexes [3,3′,6,7′-exo-{Ph3PCu}-3,3′,6,7′-(µ-H)4-commo-1,1′-Fe(2,4-C2B8H8)2] and [3,3′,6,6′-exo-{Ph3PCu}-3,3′,6,6′-(µ-H)4-commo-1,1′-Fe(2,4-C2B8H8)2] were synthesized and their structures were determined by X-Ray diffraction studies.

N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands are ubiquitously utilized in catalysis. A common catalyst design model assumes strong M-NHC binding in this metal-ligand framework. In contrast to this common assumption, we demonstrate here that lability and controlled cleavage of the M-NHC bond (rather than its stabilization) could be more important for high-performance catalysis at low catalyst concentrations. The present study reveals a dynamic stabilization mechanism with labile metal-NHC binding and [PdX3 ]- [NHC-R]+ ion pair formation. Access to reactive anionic palladium intermediates formed by dissociation of the NHC ligands and plausible stabilization of the molecular catalyst in solution by interaction with the [NHC-R]+ azolium ion is of particular importance for an efficient and recyclable catalyst. These ionic Pd/NHC complexes allowed for the first time the recycling of the complex in a well-defined form with isolation at each cycle. Computational investigation of the reaction mechanism confirms a facile formation of NHC-free anionic Pd in polar media through either Ph-NHC coupling or reversible H-NHC coupling. The present study formulates novel ideas for M/NHC catalyst design.

The use of improved protocol for the reaction of rhodium acetylacetonate complexes (diene)RhAcac [diene is 1,5-cyclooctadiene or norbornadiene] with exo-nido-ruthenacarboranes 5,6,10-[RuCl(PPh3)2]-5,6,10-(μ-H)3-10-H-7,8-R2-7,8-C2B8H6 (R = H or Me) allowed us to synthesize three new binuclear complexes, wherein the ruthenium atom preserved exo-position and the rhodium-containing moiety coordinated to the open pentagonal face of exo-nido-complex. In addition, one known bimetallacarborane was also prepared for the evaluation of synthetic efficiency of the new procedure.

The reaction of the ruthenacarborane exo - nido -5,6,10-[Cl(Ph 3 P) 2 Ru]-5,6,10-(m-H) 3 -10-H-7,8-(Ph) 2 -7,8-C 2 B 9 H 6 with phenylacetylene in dichloromethane in the presence of triethylamine at ambient temperature affords exo - nido -5,6,10-[(Ph 3 P) 2 Ru]-5,6-(μ-H) 2 -10-[μ-(PhC=CH)]-10-H-7,8-(Ph) 2 -7,8-C 2 B 9 H 6 containing vinylene bridge group between carborane framework and ruthenium atom. Structure of the complex has been determined by X-ray diffraction study.