83 results on '"Alexandra Wolf"'
Search Results
2. In Vivo Monitoring of Fabp7 Expression in Transgenic Zebrafish
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Sol Pose-Méndez, Michel Rehbock, Alexandra Wolf-Asseburg, and Reinhard W. Köster
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zebrafish ,radial glia ,cell progenitors ,oligodendrocytes ,neurons ,Fabp7 ,Cytology ,QH573-671 - Abstract
In zebrafish, like in mammals, radial glial cells (RGCs) can act as neural progenitors during development and regeneration in adults. However, the heterogeneity of glia subpopulations entails the need for different specific markers of zebrafish glia. Currently, fluorescent protein expression mediated by a regulatory element from the glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap) gene is used as a prominent glia reporter. We now expand this tool by demonstrating that a regulatory element from the mouse Fatty acid binding protein 7 (Fabp7) gene drives reliable expression in fabp7-expressing zebrafish glial cells. By using three different Fabp7 regulatory element-mediated fluorescent protein reporter strains, we reveal in double transgenic zebrafish that progenitor cells expressing fluorescent proteins driven by the Fabp7 regulatory element give rise to radial glia, oligodendrocyte progenitors, and some neuronal precursors. Furthermore, Bergmann glia represent the almost only glial population of the zebrafish cerebellum (besides a few oligodendrocytes), and the radial glia also remain in the mature cerebellum. Fabp7 regulatory element-mediated reporter protein expression in Bergmann glia progenitors suggests their origin from the ventral cerebellar proliferation zone, the ventricular zone, but not from the dorsally positioned upper rhombic lip. These new Fabp7 reporters will be valuable for functional studies during development and regeneration.
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- 2024
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3. Practices of Tolerance: The Significance of Common Sense in Settings of Dense Coexistence
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Stefan Heuser and Alexandra Wolf
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tolerance ,common sense ,coexistence ,diversity ,heterogeneity ,conflict ,Religions. Mythology. Rationalism ,BL1-2790 - Abstract
Deriving from the growing cultural and religious diversity in Germany and the need for educational professionals to be able to deal with heterogeneous groups and communicate to children about how to coexist peacefully with others, this essay focuses on the relationship between common sense and tolerance, particularly in places of inescapable dense coexistence characterised by religious and cultural diversity. Using institutions of preschool and primary education as an example, the extent to which peaceful coexistence and conflict resolution is borne by common sense and supported by practices of tolerance is discussed. Subsequently, the significance of a common-sense approach to practices of tolerance for conceptualising ethical judgement in intercultural and inter-religious education is explored. The article closes with thoughts on the contribution of religious ethics to questions of human coexistence in highly dense and conflict-ridden contexts and briefly addresses aspects of Protestant social ethics.
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- 2024
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4. Eye-tracking paradigms for the assessment of mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review
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Alexandra Wolf, Kornkanok Tripanpitak, Satoshi Umeda, and Mihoko Otake-Matsuura
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Alzheimer’s disease ,biomarker ,dementia ,eye-tracking ,cognitive assessment ,information processing ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), representing the ‘transitional zone’ between normal cognition and dementia, has become a novel topic in clinical research. Although early detection is crucial, it remains logistically challenging at the same time. While traditional pen-and-paper tests require in-depth training to ensure standardized administration and accurate interpretation of findings, significant technological advancements are leading to the development of procedures for the early detection of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and facilitating the diagnostic process. Some of the diagnostic protocols, however, show significant limitations that hamper their widespread adoption. Concerns about the social and economic implications of the increasing incidence of AD underline the need for reliable, non-invasive, cost-effective, and timely cognitive scoring methodologies. For instance, modern clinical studies report significant oculomotor impairments among patients with MCI, who perform poorly in visual paired-comparison tasks by ascribing less attentional resources to novel stimuli. To accelerate the Global Action Plan on the Public Health Response to Dementia 2017–2025, this work provides an overview of research on saccadic and exploratory eye-movement deficits among older adults with MCI. The review protocol was drafted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Electronic databases were systematically searched to identify peer-reviewed articles published between 2017 and 2022 that examined visual processing in older adults with MCI and reported gaze parameters as potential biomarkers. Moreover, following the contemporary trend for remote healthcare technologies, we reviewed studies that implemented non-commercial eye-tracking instrumentation in order to detect information processing impairments among the MCI population. Based on the gathered literature, eye-tracking-based paradigms may ameliorate the screening limitations of traditional cognitive assessments and contribute to early AD detection. However, in order to translate the findings pertaining to abnormal gaze behavior into clinical applications, it is imperative to conduct longitudinal investigations in both laboratory-based and ecologically valid settings.
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- 2023
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5. In oxygen-deprived tumor cells ERp57 provides radioprotection and ensures proliferation via c-Myc, PLK1 and the AKT pathway
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Tobias Ocklenburg, Fabian Neumann, Alexandra Wolf, Julia Vogel, Kirsten Göpelt, Melanie Baumann, Jennifer Baumann, Philip Kranz, Eric Metzen, and Ulf Brockmeier
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract The disulfide isomerase ERp57, originally found in the endoplasmic reticulum, is located in multiple cellular compartments, participates in diverse cell functions and interacts with a huge network of binding partners. It was recently suggested as an attractive new target for cancer therapy due to its critical role in tumor cell proliferation. Since a major bottleneck in cancer treatment is the occurrence of hypoxic areas in solid tumors, the role of ERp57 in cell growth was tested under oxygen depletion in the colorectal cancer cell line HCT116. We observed a severe growth inhibition when ERp57 was knocked down in hypoxia (1% O2) as a consequence of downregulated c-Myc, PLK1, PDPK1 (PDK1) and AKT (PKB). Further, irradiation experiments revealed also a radiosensitizing effect of ERp57 depletion under oxygen deprivation. Compared to ERp57, we do not favour PDPK1 as a suitable pharmaceutical target as its efficient knockdown/chemical inhibition did not show an inhibitory effect on proliferation.
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- 2021
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6. Lucanthone Targets Lysosomes to Perturb Glioma Proliferation, Chemoresistance and Stemness, and Slows Tumor Growth In Vivo
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Daniel P. Radin, Gregory Smith, Victoria Moushiaveshi, Alexandra Wolf, Robert Bases, and Stella E. Tsirka
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autophagy ,glioma ,cancer stem cell ,angiogenesis ,hypoxia ,lucanthone ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. Median survival time remains at 16-20 months despite multimodal treatment with surgical resection, radiation, temozolomide and tumor-treating fields therapy. After genotoxic stress glioma cells initiate cytoprotective autophagy, which contributes to treatment resistance, limiting the efficacy of these therapies and providing an avenue for glioma recurrence. Antagonism of autophagy steps has recently gained attention as it may enhance the efficacy of classical chemotherapies and newer immune-stimulating therapies. The modulation of autophagy in the clinic is limited by the low potency of common autophagy inhibitors and the inability of newer ones to cross the blood-brain barrier. Herein, we leverage lucanthone, an anti-schistosomal agent which crosses the blood-brain barrier and was recently reported to act as an autophagy inhibitor in breast cancer cells. Our studies show that lucanthone was toxic to glioma cells by inhibiting autophagy. It enhanced anti-glioma temozolomide (TMZ) efficacy at sub-cytotoxic concentrations, and suppressed the growth of stem-like glioma cells and temozolomide-resistant glioma stem cells. In vivo lucanthone slowed tumor growth: reduced numbers of Olig2+ glioma cells, normalized tumor vasculature, and reduced tumor hypoxia. We propose that lucanthone may serve to perturb a mechanism of temozolomide resistance and allow for successful treatment of TMZ-resistant glioblastoma.
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- 2022
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7. Editorial: Consumer's Behavior Beyond Self-Report
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Alexandra Wolf and Kazuo Ueda
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neuroscience ,consumer behavior ,physiology ,marketing ,application ,eye-tracking ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Published
- 2021
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8. Contribution of Eye-Tracking to Study Cognitive Impairments Among Clinical Populations
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Alexandra Wolf and Kazuo Ueda
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clinical research ,cognitive impairments ,consumer science ,eye-tracking ,neuromarketing ,translational practice ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
In the field of psychology, the merge of decision-theory and neuroscientific methods produces an array of scientifically recognized paradigms. For example, by exploring consumer’s eye-movement behavior, researchers aim to deepen the understanding of how patterns of retinal activation are being meaningfully transformed into visual experiences and connected with specific reactions (e.g., purchase). Notably, eye-movements provide knowledge of one’s homeostatic balance and gatekeep information that shape decisions. Hence, vision science investigates the quality of observed environments determined under various experimental conditions. Moreover, it answers questions on how human process visual stimuli and use gained information for a successful strategy to achieve certain goals. While capturing cognitive states with the support of the eye-trackers progresses at a relatively fast pace in decision-making research, measuring the visual performance of real-life tasks, which require complex cognitive skills, is tentatively translated into clinical experiments. Nevertheless, the potential of the human eye as a highly valuable source of biomarkers has been underlined. In this article, we aim to draw readers attention to decision-making experimental paradigms supported with eye-tracking technology among clinical populations. Such interdisciplinary approach may become an important component that will (i) help in objectively illustrating patient’s models of beliefs and values, (ii) support clinical interventions, and (iii) contribute to health services. It is possible that shortly, eye-movement data from decision-making experiments will grant the scientific community a greater understanding of mechanisms underlining mental states and consumption practices that medical professionals consider as obsessions, disorders or addiction.
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- 2021
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9. Depletion of HIF-1α by Inducible Cre/loxP Increases the Sensitivity of Cultured Murine Hepatocytes to Ionizing Radiation in Hypoxia
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Akram Hamidi, Alexandra Wolf, Rositsa Dueva, Melanie Kaufmann, Kirsten Göpelt, George Iliakis, and Eric Metzen
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hypoxia ,HIF-1α ,ionizing radiation ,apoptosis ,DNA damage repair ,Cytology ,QH573-671 - Abstract
The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is the main oxygen sensor which regulates adaptation to cellular hypoxia. The aim of this study was to establish cultured murine hepatocyte derived cells (mHDC) as an in vitro model and to analyze the role of HIF-1α in apoptosis induction, DNA damage repair and sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR). We have crossed C57/BL6 mice that bear loxP sites flanking exon 2 of Hif1a with mice which carry tamoxifen-inducible global Cre expression. From the offspring, we have established transduced hepatocyte cultures which are permanently HIF-1α deficient after tamoxifen treatment. We demonstrated that the cells produce albumin, acetylcholine esterase, and the cytokeratins 8 and 18 which functionally characterizes them as hepatocytes. In moderate hypoxia, HIF-1α deficiency increased IR-induced apoptosis and significantly reduced the surviving fraction of mHDC as compared to HIF-1α expressing cells in colony formation assays. Furthermore, HIF-1α knockout cells displayed increased IR-induced DNA damage as demonstrated by increased generation and persistence of γH2AX foci. HIF-1α deficient cells showed delayed DNA repair after IR in hypoxia in neutral comet assays which may indicate that non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair capacity was affected. Overall, our data suggest that HIF-1α inactivation increases radiation sensitivity of mHDC cells.
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- 2022
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10. Factors Associated with (Exclusive) Breastfeeding Duration—Results of the SUKIE-Study
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Bernadette Bürger, Karin Schindler, Tanja Tripolt, Antonia Griesbacher, Hans Peter Stüger, Karl-Heinz Wagner, Adelheid Weber, and Alexandra Wolf-Spitzer
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breastfeeding ,exclusive breastfeeding ,breastfeeding duration ,exclusive breastfeeding duration ,factors influencing ,longitudinal ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
The WHO European Region has the lowest exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates at 6 months in the world. In Austria, 55.5% of infants are EBF at the age of one week, although breastfeeding initiation is 97.5%. The study was conducted in 2019/2020 and considered 1214 mothers of legal age, who received four online questionnaires during their child’s first year of life. The influence of different variables on total/exclusive breastfeeding duration were analysed by using a Cox model (Extension of the Cox Proportional Hazards Model) with time-dependent covariates. Multivariate analyses showed a significant influence of maternal BMI, lifestyle factors, such as smoking, and breastfeeding support on total breastfeeding duration. Remarkable differences in the median duration of any breastfeeding were found for breastfeeding support, where mothers breastfed twice as long. Support came primarily from hospital staff, the midwife and the partner. A higher monthly household net income, delivery in a baby-friendly certified hospital (BFH) and breastfeeding support were associated with a longer EBF duration. Obese mothers started feeding infant formula earlier and had a higher risk of early weaning. The results offer valuable insights into the importance of breastfeeding-friendly structures such as BFHs, a focus on breastfeeding aftercare and support of the mother to promote and protect breastfeeding.
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- 2022
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11. Breastfeeding Prevalence in Austria according to the WHO IYCF Indicators—The SUKIE-Study
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Bernadette Bürger, Karin Schindler, Tanja Tripolt, Hans Peter Stüger, Karl-Heinz Wagner, Adelheid Weber, and Alexandra Wolf-Spitzer
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breastfeeding ,initial breastfeeding ,exclusive breastfeeding ,breastfeeding prevalence ,breastfeeding duration ,IYCF indicators ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
Breastfeeding and infant nutrition have an important impact on child health. The last representative data on breastfeeding in Austria was collected in 2006. The SUKIE-Study (Säuglings- und Kinderernährung) is a representative, longitudinal survey (online questionnaire) for participating mothers at four time points (14 days, four, six and 12 months post-partum). Questions on when other foods were first introduced were asked retrospectively. To ensure international comparisons, the World Health Organization’s definitions for breastfeeding, including “Infant and Young Child Feeding” indicators, were used. After eligibility screening, 1214 of 1666 invited mothers were included in the analysis. The initial breastfeeding rate was 97.5% and was reduced to 40.8% after 12 months. The rate of exclusive breastfeeding at one week of age was 55.5% and decreased to 1.9% after six months. Half of the infants received infant formula for the first time within the first three days of life (median). Out of the mothers that did wean breastfeeding in the first 12 months, the median duration was 27 weeks (right-censored data). Compared with 2006, an increase (93.2% to 97.5%) in the initial breastfeeding rate was found. However, other findings show that breastfeeding duration, including exclusive breastfeeding rates, need further improvement.
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- 2021
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12. Evaluative Processing of Food Images: Longer Viewing for Indecisive Preference Formation
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Alexandra Wolf, Kajornvut Ounjai, Muneyoshi Takahashi, Shunsuke Kobayashi, Tetsuya Matsuda, and Johan Lauwereyns
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gaze duration ,viewing time ,self-paced versus time-controlled ,non-exclusive versus exclusive ,evaluative processing ,naturalistic food images ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
The well-known gaze cascade hypothesis proposes that as people look longer at an item, they tend to show an increased preference for it. However, using single food images as stimuli, we recently obtained results that clearly deviated from the general proposal that the gaze both expresses and influences preference formation. Instead, the pattern of data depended on the self-determination of exposure duration as well as the type of evaluation task. In order to disambiguate how the type of evaluation determines the relationship between viewing and liking we conducted the present follow-up study, with a fixed response set size as opposed to the varying set sizes in our previous study. In non-exclusive evaluation tasks, subjects were asked how much they liked individual food images. The recorded response was a number from 1 to 3. In exclusive evaluation tasks, subjects were asked for each individual food image to give one of three response options toward a limited selection: include it, exclude it, or defer the judgment. When subjects were able to determine the exposure duration, both the non-exclusive and exclusive evaluations produced inverted U-shaped trends such that the polar ends of the evaluation (the positive and negative extremes) were associated with relatively short viewing times, whereas the middle category had the longest viewing times. Thus, the data once again provided firm evidence against the notion that longer viewing facilitates preference formation. Moreover, the fact that non-exclusive and exclusive evaluation produced similar inverted U-shaped patterns suggests that the response set size is the critical factor that accounts for the observations here versus in our previous study. When keeping the response set size constant, with an equal opportunity to observe inverted U-shaped patterns, the findings are suggestive of a role for the level of decisiveness in determining the length of viewing time. For items that can be categorically identified as positive or negative, the evaluations are soon completed, with relatively brief viewing times. The prolonged visual inspection for the middle category may reflect doubt or uncertainty during the evaluative processing, possibly with an increased effort of information integration before reaching a conclusion.
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- 2019
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13. Erinacine C Activates Transcription from a Consensus ETS DNA Binding Site in Astrocytic Cells in Addition to NGF Induction
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Monique Rascher, Kathrin Wittstein, Barbara Winter, Zeljka Rupcic, Alexandra Wolf-Asseburg, Marc Stadler, and Reinhard W. Köster
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Hericium ,cyathane diterpenoid ,erinacine ,nerve growth factor ,brain derived neurotrophic factor ,neurotrophin ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Medicinal mushrooms of the genus Hericium are known to produce secondary metabolites with homeostatic properties for the central nervous system. We and others have recently demonstrated that among these metabolites cyathane diterpenoids and in particular erinacine C possess potent neurotrophin inducing properties in astrocytic cells. Yet, the signaling events downstream of erinacine C induced neurotrophin acitivity in neural-like adrenal phaeochromocytoma cells (PC12) cells have remained elusive. Similar, signaling events activated by erinacine C in astrocytic cells are unknown. Using a combination of genetic and pharmacological inhibitors we show that erinacine C induced neurotrophic activity mediates PC12 cell differentiation via the TrkA receptor and likely its associated PLCγ-, PI3K-, and MAPK/ERK pathways. Furthermore, a small library of transcriptional activation reporters revealed that erinacine C induces transcriptional activation mediated by DNA consensus binding sites of selected conserved transcription factor families. Among these, transcription is activated from an ETS consensus in a concentration dependent manner. Interestingly, induced ETS-consensus transcription occurs in parallel and independent of neurotrophin induction. This finding helps to explain the many pleiotropic functions of cyathane diterpenoids. Moreover, our studies provide genetic access to cyathane diterpenoid functions in astrocytic cells and help to mechanistically understand the action of cyathanes in glial cells.
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- 2020
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14. Evaluative Processing of Food Images: A Conditional Role for Viewing in Preference Formation
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Alexandra Wolf, Kajornvut Ounjai, Muneyoshi Takahashi, Shunsuke Kobayashi, Tetsuya Matsuda, and Johan Lauwereyns
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gaze duration ,viewing time ,self-paced versus time-controlled ,non-exclusive versus exclusive ,evaluative processing ,naturalistic food images ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Previous research suggested a role of gaze in preference formation, not merely as an expression of preference, but also as a causal influence. According to the gaze cascade hypothesis, the longer subjects look at an item, the more likely they are to develop a preference for it. However, to date the connection between viewing and liking has been investigated predominately with self-paced viewing conditions in which the subjects were required to select certain items from simultaneously presented stimuli on the basis of perceived visual attractiveness. Such conditions might promote a default, but non-mandatory connection between viewing and liking. To explore whether the connection is separable, we examined the evaluative processing of single naturalistic food images in a 2 × 2 design, conducted completely within subjects, in which we varied both the type of exposure (self-paced versus time-controlled) and the type of evaluation (non-exclusive versus exclusive). In the self-paced exclusive evaluation, longer viewing was associated with a higher likelihood of a positive evaluation. However, in the self-paced non-exclusive evaluation, the trend reversed such that longer viewing durations were associated with lesser ratings. Furthermore, in the time-controlled tasks, both with non-exclusive and exclusive evaluation, there was no significant relationship between the viewing duration and the evaluation. The overall pattern of results was consistent for viewing times measured in terms of exposure duration (i.e., the duration of stimulus presentation on the screen) and in terms of actual gaze duration (i.e., the amount of time the subject effectively gazed at the stimulus on the screen). The data indicated that viewing does not intrinsically lead to a higher evaluation when evaluating single food images; instead, the relationship between viewing duration and evaluation depends on the type of task. We suggest that self-determination of exposure duration may be a prerequisite for any influence from viewing time on evaluative processing, regardless of whether the influence is facilitative. Moreover, the purported facilitative link between viewing and liking appears to be limited to exclusive evaluation, when only a restricted number of items can be included in a chosen set.
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- 2018
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15. Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in the prediction of complicated Crohn's disease behavior--a cohort study.
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Florian Rieder, Gisela Paul, Elisabeth Schnoy, Stephan Schleder, Alexandra Wolf, Florian Kamm, Andrea Dirmeier, Ulrike Strauch, Florian Obermeier, Rocio Lopez, Jean-Paul Achkar, Gerhard Rogler, and Frank Klebl
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Markers that predict the occurrence of a complicated disease behavior in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) can permit a more aggressive therapeutic regimen for patients at risk. The aim of this cohort study was to test the blood levels of hemoglobin (Hgb) and hematocrit (Hct) for the prediction of complicated CD behavior and CD related surgery in an adult patient population.Blood samples of 62 CD patients of the German Inflammatory Bowel Disease-network "Kompetenznetz CED" were tested for the levels of Hgb and Hct prior to the occurrence of complicated disease behavior or CD related surgery. The relation of these markers and clinical events was studied using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and adjusted COX-proportional hazard regression models.The median follow-up time was 55.8 months. Of the 62 CD patients without any previous complication or surgery 34% developed a complication and/or underwent CD related surgery. Low Hgb or Hct levels were independent predictors of a shorter time to occurrence of the first complication or CD related surgery. This was true for early as well as late occurring complications. Stable low Hgb or Hct during serial follow-up measurements had a higher frequency of complications compared to patients with a stable normal Hgb or Hct, respectively.Determination of Hgb or Hct in complication and surgery naïve CD patients might serve as an additional tool for the prediction of complicated disease behavior.
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- 2014
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16. Characterization of changes in serum anti-glycan antibodies in Crohn's disease--a longitudinal analysis.
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Florian Rieder, Rocio Lopez, Andre Franke, Alexandra Wolf, Stephan Schleder, Andrea Dirmeier, Anja Schirbel, Philip Rosenstiel, Nir Dotan, Stefan Schreiber, Gerhard Rogler, and Frank Klebl
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Anti-glycan antibodies are a promising tool for differential diagnosis and disease stratification of patients with Crohn's disease (CD). We longitudinally assessed level and status changes of anti-glycan antibodies over time in individual CD patients as well as determinants of this phenomenon. METHODS: 859 serum samples derived from a cohort of 253 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients (207 CD, 46 ulcerative colitis (UC)) were tested for the presence of anti-laminarin (Anti-L), anti-chitin (Anti-C), anti-chitobioside (ACCA), anti-laminaribioside (ALCA), anti-mannobioside (AMCA) and anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae (gASCA) antibodies by ELISA. All patients had at least two and up to eleven serum samples taken during the disease course. RESULTS: Median follow-up time for CD was 17.4 months (Interquartile range (IQR) 8.0, 31.6 months) and for UC 10.9 months (IQR 4.9, 21.0 months). In a subgroup of CD subjects marked changes in the overall immune response (quartile sum score) and levels of individual markers were observed over time. The marker status (positive versus negative) remained widely stable. Neither clinical phenotype nor NOD2 genotype was associated with the observed fluctuations. In a longitudinal analysis neither changes in disease activity nor CD behavior led to alterations in the levels of the glycan markers. The ability of the panel to discriminate CD from UC or its association with CD phenotypes remained stable during follow-up. In the serum of UC patients neither significant level nor status changes were observed. CONCLUSIONS: While the levels of anti-glycan antibodies fluctuate in a subgroup of CD patients the antibody status is widely stable over time.
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- 2011
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17. Arbeit mit literarischen Texten mit Hilfe der Lesestrategien : Unterrichtsvorschläge für den schulischen DaF-Unterricht in Schweden
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Alexandra, Wolf and Alexandra, Wolf
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Das Lehrbuch ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil des Deutschunterrichts in Schweden. Meistens enthält es ausschließlich alltägliche Texte, Dialoge und Briefe. Dies bedeutet, dass die Lernenden nicht mit literarischen Texten in Kontakt kommen. Infolgedessen verlieren die Lernenden die Möglichkeit, ihre Fremdsprache zu entwickeln und zu lernen, wie man mit dem Inhalt des literarischen Textes umgeht. Es gibt verschiedene Lesestrategien, die bei der Arbeit mit literarischen Texten nutzbringend angewendet werden können. Daher werden die Lernenden selbstständiger, das heißt autonomer, indem sie ihre Fähigkeit entwickeln und eigene Lernwege erkennen, bewerten und effektiver modellieren. In dieser Studie wird anhand von Unterrichtsbeispielen gezeigt, wie Lesestrategien im DaF-Unterricht eingesetzt und trainiert werden können. Zum Beispiel werden die metakognitiven und kognitiven Lesestrategien von Bimmel (2010:846), Lesestrategien von Ehlers (2006:36) und das Trainingsmodell Tönshoffs (1997:207) verwendet. Drei verschiedene literarische Texte bilden das Arbeitsmaterial im Unterricht: die Märchen Hänsel und Gretel und Rumpelstilzchen, Emoji-Assoziationen aus Liedtexten und Tagebucheinträge von Anne Franks. Auch Vor- und Nachteil von Lesestrategien, unterschiedliche Lesestile und der Verwendung dieser literarischen Texte werden diskutiert.
- Published
- 2023
18. Update Fluoridprophylaxe - was steht in den neuen Empfehlungen?
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Alexandra Wolf
- Published
- 2022
19. 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE): Bioactions, receptors, vascular function, cardiometabolic disease and beyond
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Jonathan V. Pascale, Alexandra Wolf, Yonaton Kadish, Danielle Diegisser, Melissa-Maria Kulaprathazhe, Danait Yemane, Samir Ali, Namhee Kim, David E. Baruch, Muhamad Afiq Faisal Yahaya, Ercument Dirice, Adeniyi M. Adebesin, John R. Falck, Michal L. Schwartzman, and Victor Garcia
- Published
- 2023
20. Wenn die Spucke wegbleibt
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Alexandra Wolf
- Published
- 2021
21. Neue Cluster für mehr Klasse
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Alexandra Wolf
- Published
- 2022
22. Structure‐Function Relationship of the 20‐HETE‐GPR75 pairing: Development and characterization of agonist, partial agonists, and receptor blockers
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Jonathan V. Pascale, Alexandra Wolf, Melissa‐Maria Kulaprathazhe, Samir Ali, Namhee Kim, Ghezal Froogh, Adeniyi M. Adebesin, John R. Falck, Michal L. Schwartzman, and Victor Garcia
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Genetics ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2022
23. Reizthema Fluoride - wie erklär' ich's meinen Patienten?
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Alexandra Wolf
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Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine ,business - Published
- 2021
24. Recent updates of eye movement abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia: A scoping review
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Kazuo Ueda, Alexandra Wolf, and Yoji Hirano
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Eye Movements ,genetic structures ,Population ,Review Article ,Visual processing ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,medicine ,Humans ,Attention ,Cognitive Dysfunction ,Eye-Tracking Technology ,education ,visual information processing ,education.field_of_study ,General Neuroscience ,gaze metrics parameters ,Eye movement ,General Medicine ,Mental illness ,medicine.disease ,Gaze ,Saccadic masking ,030227 psychiatry ,schizophrenia ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Neurology ,Fixation (visual) ,Visual Perception ,biomarker ,Neurology (clinical) ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,eye‐tracking dysfunction ,Diagnosis of schizophrenia - Abstract
Aim Although eye-tracking technology expands beyond capturing eye data just for the sole purpose of ensuring participants maintain their gaze at the presented fixation cross, gaze technology remains of less importance in clinical research. Recently, impairments in visual information encoding processes indexed by novel gaze metrics have been frequently reported in patients with schizophrenia. This work undertakes a scoping review of research on saccadic dysfunctions and exploratory eye movement deficits among patients with schizophrenia. It gathers promising pieces of evidence of eye movement abnormalities in attention-demanding tasks on the schizophrenia spectrum that have mounted in recent years and their outcomes as potential biological markers. Methods The protocol was drafted based on PRISMA for scoping review guidelines. Electronic databases were systematically searched to identify articles published between 2010 and 2020 that examined visual processing in patients with schizophrenia and reported eye movement characteristics as potential biomarkers for this mental illness. Results The use of modern eye-tracking instrumentation has been reported by numerous neuroscientific studies to successfully and non-invasively improve the detection of visual information processing impairments among the screened population at risk of and identified with schizophrenia. Conclusions Eye-tracking technology has the potential to contribute to the process of early intervention and more apparent separation of the diagnostic entities, being put together by the syndrome-based approach to the diagnosis of schizophrenia. However, context-processing paradigms should be conducted and reported in equally accessible publications to build comprehensive models.
- Published
- 2021
25. Editorial: Consumer's Behavior Beyond Self-Report
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Kazuo Ueda and Alexandra Wolf
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eye-tracking ,Cognitive science ,consumer behavior ,BF1-990 ,neuroscience ,physiology ,marketing ,Psychology ,Eye tracking ,Self report ,application ,General Psychology ,Consumer behaviour - Published
- 2021
26. Scaling Up a Community-Based Exercise Program for Women in Difficult Life Situations in Germany—The BIG Project as a Case-Study
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Annika Herbert-Maul, Karim Abu-Omar, Anna Streber, Zsuzsanna Majzik, Jeanette Hefele, Stephanie Dobslaw, Hedi Werner, Alexandra Wolf, and Anne K. Reimers
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Community-Based Participatory Research ,low socioeconomic status ,exercise ,health promotion ,ethnic minority ,physical activity ,refugees ,Article ,Exercise Therapy ,scaling up ,Germany ,socially disadvantaged groups ,Medicine ,Humans ,Female ,ddc:610 - Abstract
Scaling up community-based participatory research (CBPR) remains challenging. This case-study reports on how, and under which conditions, a CBPR project aiming at promoting exercise among socially disadvantaged women (BIG) scaled up at four project sites. As part of BIG, researchers support city administrations in implementing a participatory project to reach socially disadvantaged women for exercise. The case study was conducted in winter 2020 in southern Germany and is based on a co-creative process involving city administrators and researchers. Following Kohl and Cooley’s scaling up dimensions, scaling up BIG was investigated at the four sites using a mixed-method approach. Course registrations and offers were analysed, and qualitative interviews (n = 4) with administrative staff members were conducted and analysed using content analysis. The geographical coverage of exercise classes, the addressed groups, and the utilisation of participatory methods by city administrations are described. All four sites managed to scale-up project activities. Three of the four sites reported that further growth of the project was no longer possible due to limited resources. All sites attempted to reach a larger number of, and more diverse, women. One site managed to scale-up the use of participatory methods within the city administration. The following important facilitators for scaling up CBPR projects were reported: advertisements tailored to the needs of the addressed women, utilising participatory approaches, and equipping project coordinators with sufficient resources.
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- 2021
27. Contribution of Eye-Tracking to Study Cognitive Impairments Among Clinical Populations
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Kazuo Ueda and Alexandra Wolf
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Visual perception ,genetic structures ,Process (engineering) ,consumer science ,Neuromarketing ,Psychological intervention ,050105 experimental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Psychology ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Cognitive skill ,General Psychology ,eye-tracking ,05 social sciences ,Cognition ,BF1-990 ,Vision science ,clinical research ,Perspective ,translational practice ,Eye tracking ,cognitive impairments ,neuromarketing ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
In the field of psychology, the merge of decision-theory and neuroscientific methods produces an array of scientifically recognized paradigms. For example, by exploring consumer’s eye-movement behavior, researchers aim to deepen the understanding of how patterns of retinal activation are being meaningfully transformed into visual experiences and connected with specific reactions (e.g., purchase). Notably, eye-movements provide knowledge of one’s homeostatic balance and gatekeep information that shape decisions. Hence, vision science investigates the quality of observed environments determined under various experimental conditions. Moreover, it answers questions on how human process visual stimuli and use gained information for a successful strategy to achieve certain goals. While capturing cognitive states with the support of the eye-trackers progresses at a relatively fast pace in decision-making research, measuring the visual performance of real-life tasks, which require complex cognitive skills, is tentatively translated into clinical experiments. Nevertheless, the potential of the human eye as a highly valuable source of biomarkers has been underlined. In this article, we aim to draw readers attention to decision-making experimental paradigms supported with eye-tracking technology among clinical populations. Such interdisciplinary approach may become an important component that will (i) help in objectively illustrating patient’s models of beliefs and values, (ii) support clinical interventions, and (iii) contribute to health services. It is possible that shortly, eye-movement data from decision-making experiments will grant the scientific community a greater understanding of mechanisms underlining mental states and consumption practices that medical professionals consider as obsessions, disorders or addiction.
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- 2021
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28. Breastfeeding Prevalence in Austria according to the WHO IYCF Indicators—The SUKIE-Study
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Karl-Heinz Wagner, Karin Schindler, Hans Peter Stüger, Alexandra Wolf-Spitzer, Adelheid Weber, Tanja Tripolt, and Bernadette Bürger
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Adult ,Time Factors ,initial breastfeeding ,Adolescent ,longitudinal ,breastfeeding ,Breastfeeding ,Weaning ,Computer-assisted web interviewing ,World Health Organization ,Child health ,World health ,Article ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Humans ,Medicine ,TX341-641 ,Longitudinal Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ,breastfeeding prevalence ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Young child ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,business.industry ,International comparisons ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Infant nutrition ,infant formula ,breastfeeding duration ,IYCF indicators ,monitoring ,Breast Feeding ,Infant formula ,Austria ,exclusive breastfeeding ,Female ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,business ,Food Science ,Demography - Abstract
Breastfeeding and infant nutrition have an important impact on child health. The last representative data on breastfeeding in Austria was collected in 2006. The SUKIE-Study (Säuglings- und Kinderernährung) is a representative, longitudinal survey (online questionnaire) for participating mothers at four time points (14 days, four, six and 12 months post-partum). Questions on when other foods were first introduced were asked retrospectively. To ensure international comparisons, the World Health Organization’s definitions for breastfeeding, including “Infant and Young Child Feeding” indicators, were used. After eligibility screening, 1214 of 1666 invited mothers were included in the analysis. The initial breastfeeding rate was 97.5% and was reduced to 40.8% after 12 months. The rate of exclusive breastfeeding at one week of age was 55.5% and decreased to 1.9% after six months. Half of the infants received infant formula for the first time within the first three days of life (median). Out of the mothers that did wean breastfeeding in the first 12 months, the median duration was 27 weeks (right-censored data). Compared with 2006, an increase (93.2% to 97.5%) in the initial breastfeeding rate was found. However, other findings show that breastfeeding duration, including exclusive breastfeeding rates, need further improvement.
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- 2021
29. Nutritional composition of the food supply: a comparison of soft drinks and breakfast cereals between three European countries based on labels
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Jean Luc Volatier, Răzvan M. Cherecheş, Julie Beziat, Alexandra Wolf, Katrin Seper, Céline Menard, Alexandra Sidor, and Karine Vin
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0301 basic medicine ,Edible Grain ,Saturated fat ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Carbonated Beverages ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Food Supply ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,food ,Nutrient ,Food Labeling ,Humans ,Product (category theory) ,Food science ,Sugar ,Breakfast ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,food and beverages ,Cornflakes ,food.food ,Europe ,Geography ,Austria ,Food processing ,France ,Packaging and labeling ,business ,Nutritive Value - Abstract
Monitoring of processed products at the brand level was implemented in Austria, France and Romania on the basis of the Oqali methodology during the Joint Action on Nutrition and Physical Activity (JANPA) to compare the nutritional quality of the food offering. The objective of this paper is to present the results obtained during this study. Collected data were those available on product packaging. In total, 2155 soft drinks and 943 breakfast cereals were classified in a standardised list of product families and analysed in a harmonised way. For each product family, mean values for sugar, fat, saturated fat, salt and dietary fibres were compared between countries. Common products across countries were also studied. For all the studied nutrients, significant differences were observed between countries, with a higher sugar content for Romania in regular carbonated and non-carbonated beverages containing fruits, regular lemonades and regular tonics and bitters (together with Austria for tonics), for France in fruit beverages with more than 50% fruit, and for Austria in low-sugar beverages containing tea. For France, higher nutrient contents were also observed for sugar in chocolate-flavoured cereals, filled cereals and cornflakes, and other plain cereals (at a similar level as Romania for cornflakes), and for saturated fats in honey/caramel cereals and crunchy mueslis. These differences were explained by a different food offering in the three countries, but also by differences in nutrient contents for common products. This study also showed high variability of the nutrient content within a product family, suggesting a real potential for product reformulation. National tools, at the branded products level, are essential to monitor the nutritional quality of the food offering, and to follow up on processed food reformulations.
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- 2019
30. Autophagy induced by ionizing radiation promotes cell death over survival in human colorectal cancer cells
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Philip Kranz, Helena Riffkin, Eric Metzen, Alexandra Wolf, Ulf Brockmeier, Fabian Classen, Mosche Pompsch, Kirsten Göpelt, Jennifer Baumann, and Melanie Baumann
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0301 basic medicine ,Programmed cell death ,Colorectal cancer ,Glutamine ,Medizin ,Apoptosis ,Biology ,Autophagy-Related Protein 7 ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Radiation, Ionizing ,Radioresistance ,Autophagy ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiosensitivity ,Gene knockdown ,Cell Biology ,medicine.disease ,Cell Hypoxia ,Oxygen ,030104 developmental biology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cancer cell ,Cancer research ,Beclin-1 ,Colorectal Neoplasms - Abstract
Autophagy is commonly described as a cell survival mechanism and has been implicated in chemo- and radioresistance of cancer cells. Whether ionizing radiation induced autophagy triggers tumor cell survival or cell death still remains unclear. In this study the autophagy related proteins Beclin1 and ATG7 were tested as potential targets to sensitize colorectal carcinoma cells to ionizing radiation under normoxic, hypoxic and starvation conditions. Colony formation, apoptosis and cell cycle analysis revealed that knockdown of Beclin1 or ATG7 does not enhance radiosensitivity in HCT-116 cells. Furthermore, ATG7 knockdown led to an increased survival fraction under oxygen and glutamine starvation, indicating that ionizing radiation indeed induces autophagy which, however, leads to cell death finally. These results highlight that inhibition of autophagic pathways does not generally increase therapy success but may also lead to an unfavorable outcome especially under amino acid and oxygen restriction.
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- 2019
31. In oxygen-deprived tumor cells ERp57 provides radioprotection and ensures proliferation via c-Myc, PLK1 and the AKT pathway
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Eric Metzen, Fabian Neumann, Jennifer Baumann, Melanie Baumann, Alexandra Wolf, Kirsten Göpelt, Julia Vogel, Philip Kranz, Tobias Ocklenburg, and Ulf Brockmeier
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0301 basic medicine ,Cell biology ,Molecular biology ,Science ,Medizin ,Protein Disulfide-Isomerases ,Apoptosis ,Cell Cycle Proteins ,Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases ,Biochemistry ,PLK1 ,Article ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins ,Humans ,Protein disulfide-isomerase ,Protein kinase B ,PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway ,Cellular compartment ,Cancer ,Cell Proliferation ,Gene knockdown ,Multidisciplinary ,Endoplasmic reticulum ,HCT116 Cells ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,Oxygen ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Gene Knockdown Techniques ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Colonic Neoplasms ,Tumor Hypoxia ,Medicine ,Growth inhibition ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ,Gene Deletion ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
The disulfide isomerase ERp57, originally found in the endoplasmic reticulum, is located in multiple cellular compartments, participates in diverse cell functions and interacts with a huge network of binding partners. It was recently suggested as an attractive new target for cancer therapy due to its critical role in tumor cell proliferation. Since a major bottleneck in cancer treatment is the occurrence of hypoxic areas in solid tumors, the role of ERp57 in cell growth was tested under oxygen depletion in the colorectal cancer cell line HCT116. We observed a severe growth inhibition when ERp57 was knocked down in hypoxia (1% O2) as a consequence of downregulated c-Myc, PLK1, PDPK1 (PDK1) and AKT (PKB). Further, irradiation experiments revealed also a radiosensitizing effect of ERp57 depletion under oxygen deprivation. Compared to ERp57, we do not favour PDPK1 as a suitable pharmaceutical target as its efficient knockdown/chemical inhibition did not show an inhibitory effect on proliferation.
- Published
- 2021
32. Erinacine C Activates Transcription from a Consensus ETS DNA Binding Site in Astrocytic Cells in Addition to NGF Induction
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Alexandra Wolf-Asseburg, Reinhard W. Köster, Barbara Winter, Monique Rascher, Zeljka Rupcic, Marc Stadler, Kathrin Wittstein, and HZI,Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung GmbH, Inhoffenstr. 7,38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
- Subjects
Transcriptional Activation ,0301 basic medicine ,MAPK/ERK pathway ,Hericium ,MAP Kinase Signaling System ,Cellular differentiation ,Erinacine ,lcsh:QR1-502 ,cyathane diterpenoid ,Tropomyosin receptor kinase A ,PC12 Cells ,Biochemistry ,lcsh:Microbiology ,Article ,nerve growth factor ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,ETS signaling ,Animals ,Humans ,Molecular Biology ,Transcription factor ,Cells, Cultured ,Conserved Sequence ,PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway ,Brain-derived neurotrophic factor ,erinacine ,Binding Sites ,biology ,Chemistry ,neurotrophin ,Cell Differentiation ,Rats ,Up-Regulation ,Cell biology ,030104 developmental biology ,ETS Motif ,nervous system ,Astrocytes ,brain derived neurotrophic factor ,biology.protein ,Diterpenes ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Protein Binding ,Transcription Factors ,Neurotrophin - Abstract
Medicinal mushrooms of the genus Hericium are known to produce secondary metabolites with homeostatic properties for the central nervous system. We and others have recently demonstrated that among these metabolites cyathane diterpenoids and in particular erinacine C possess potent neurotrophin inducing properties in astrocytic cells. Yet, the signaling events downstream of erinacine C induced neurotrophin acitivity in neural-like adrenal phaeochromocytoma cells (PC12) cells have remained elusive. Similar, signaling events activated by erinacine C in astrocytic cells are unknown. Using a combination of genetic and pharmacological inhibitors we show that erinacine C induced neurotrophic activity mediates PC12 cell differentiation via the TrkA receptor and likely its associated PLC&gamma, PI3K-, and MAPK/ERK pathways. Furthermore, a small library of transcriptional activation reporters revealed that erinacine C induces transcriptional activation mediated by DNA consensus binding sites of selected conserved transcription factor families. Among these, transcription is activated from an ETS consensus in a concentration dependent manner. Interestingly, induced ETS-consensus transcription occurs in parallel and independent of neurotrophin induction. This finding helps to explain the many pleiotropic functions of cyathane diterpenoids. Moreover, our studies provide genetic access to cyathane diterpenoid functions in astrocytic cells and help to mechanistically understand the action of cyathanes in glial cells.
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- 2020
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33. Tumor cells rely on the thiol oxidoreductase PDI for PERK signaling in order to survive ER stress
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Eric Metzen, Alexandra Wolf, Philip Kranz, Jennifer Baumann, Kirsten Göpelt, Christopher Sänger, Melanie Baumann, and Ulf Brockmeier
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inorganic chemicals ,Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ,endocrine system ,Cell biology ,Protein Disulfide-Isomerases ,Regulator ,Medizin ,lcsh:Medicine ,Apoptosis ,Endoplasmic Reticulum ,Article ,Cell Line ,eIF-2 Kinase ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Neoplasms ,Humans ,Phosphorylation ,lcsh:Science ,Cancer ,A549 cell ,Multidisciplinary ,ATF6 ,Chemistry ,lcsh:R ,ATF4 ,HEK 293 cells ,Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ,HCT116 Cells ,HEK293 Cells ,Proteasome ,A549 Cells ,Cell culture ,Unfolded protein response ,lcsh:Q ,Oxidoreductases ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Upon ER stress cells activate the unfolded protein response through PERK, IRE1 and ATF6. Remarkable effort has been made to delineate the downstream signaling of these three ER stress sensors after activation, but upstream regulation at the ER luminal site still remains mostly undefined. Here we report that the thiol oxidoreductase PDI is mandatory for activation of the PERK pathway in HEK293T as well as in human pancreatic, lung and colon cancer cells. Under ER stress, depletion of PDI selectively abrogated eIF2α phosphorylation, induction of ATF4, CHOP and even BiP. Furthermore, we could demonstrate that PDI prevented degradation of activated PERK by the 26S proteasome and therefore contributes to maintained PERK signaling. As a result of decreased PERK activity, PDI depleted cells showed an increased vulnerability to ER stress induced by chemicals or ionizing radiation in 2D as well as in 3D culture models. We conclude that PDI is an obligatory regulator of the PERK pathway with future therapy implications.
- Published
- 2020
34. Carotid body type I cells engage flavoprotein and Pin1 for oxygen sensing
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Joachim Fandrey, Alexandra Wolf, André Bernardini, Amparo Acker-Palmer, Ulf Brockmeier, Helmut Acker, Helena Riffkin, and Eric Metzen
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0301 basic medicine ,Superior cervical ganglion ,Potassium Channels ,Physiology ,Medizin ,Redox ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Animals ,Hypoxia ,Lung ,Carotid Body ,Oxidase test ,NADPH oxidase ,Flavoproteins ,biology ,Chemistry ,Cell Biology ,Chemoreceptor Cells ,Potassium channel ,Mitochondria ,NIMA-Interacting Peptidylprolyl Isomerase ,Oxygen ,Heme oxygenase ,030104 developmental biology ,biology.protein ,Biophysics ,NAD+ kinase ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Intracellular - Abstract
Carotid body (CB) type I cells sense the blood Po2 and generate a nervous signal for stimulating ventilation and circulation when blood oxygen levels decline. Three oxygen-sensing enzyme complexes may be used for this purpose: 1) mitochondrial electron transport chain metabolism, 2) heme oxygenase 2 (HO-2)-generating CO, and/or 3) an NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX). We hypothesize that intracellular redox changes are the link between the sensor and nervous signals. To test this hypothesis type I cell autofluorescence of flavoproteins (Fp) and NAD(P)H within the mouse CB ex vivo was recorded as Fp/(Fp+NAD(P)H) redox ratio. CB type I cell redox ratio transiently declined with the onset of hypoxia. Upon reoxygenation, CB type I cells showed a significantly increased redox ratio. As a control organ, the non-oxygen-sensing sympathetic superior cervical ganglion (SCG) showed a continuously reduced redox ratio upon hypoxia. CN−, diphenyleneiodonium, or reactive oxygen species influenced chemoreceptor discharge (CND) with subsequent loss of O2 sensitivity and inhibited hypoxic Fp reduction only in the CB but not in SCG Fp, indicating a specific role of Fp in the oxygen-sensing process. Hypoxia-induced changes in CB type I cell redox ratio affected peptidyl prolyl isomerase Pin1, which is believed to colocalize with the NADPH oxidase subunit p47phox in the cell membrane to trigger the opening of potassium channels. We postulate that hypoxia-induced changes in the Fp-mediated redox ratio of the CB regulate the Pin1/p47phox tandem to alter type I cell potassium channels and therewith CND.
- Published
- 2020
35. Application of the WHO nutrient profile model on food product data recorded for the Austrian project 'Food in the Spotlight'
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Stefan Spitzbart, Melanie U. Bruckmüller, Bettina Meidlinger, Birgit Dieminger-Schnürch, Bernadette Bürger-Schwaninger, Alexandra Wolf-Spitzer, Christian Luipersbeck, Klemens Fuchs, and Karin Schindler
- Subjects
Nutrition and Dietetics ,Product data ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Context (language use) ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Product (business) ,Whole milk ,Agricultural science ,Nutrient ,medicine ,Total fat ,Business ,Sugar - Abstract
Introduction:Children are exposed to marketing of foods with a high content of energy, fat, sugar and salt on a daily basis, which can have negative consequences via increasing children's preferences for those foods. An unhealthy diet can promote obesity and other noncommunicable diseases. The objective of this scientific work was to assess the applicability of the nutrient profile model (NPM) for food products available in the Austrian market. The model was developed by the WHO Regional Office for Europe to reduce the impact of marketing to children.Material and Methods:The NPM was applied to food product information, which was recorded for the project “Food in the Spotlight” (www.lebensmittellupe.at). Food products were assigned to food categories made by the WHO and the NPM was applied to identify products, which should not be allowed to be marketed to children. As the WHO NPM is flexible and can be adapted to the national context possible adaptations of the model to the Austrian market were developed.Results:Among those product groups which were included in Food in the Spotlight 0% of cocoa (n = 89), milk drinks with additional ingredients (e.g. strawberry milk, n = 111), soup pearl croutons (n = 13), ketchups (n = 79) and pestos (n = 119), 0.4% of soft drinks (Cola, lemonade etc., n = 454), 8% of pizza and pizza-like products (n = 274), 13% of yoghurt products with additional ingredients (n = 611), 18% of sugos (n = 193), 28% of fruit and vegetable purees (n = 36) and 33% of breakfast cereals (n = 678) were found to be eligible for marketing to children. Those 0.4% of soft drinks which would be allowed are two waters flavoured with aroma. Pure products such as whole milk and yoghurts with 3.5% fat would not be allowed because they exceed the thresholds for total fat. For those products with a packaging appealing to children and adolescents almost none passed the NPM.Conclusion:Our results showed, that before the NPM can be implemented in Austria, it is important to adapt the model to national dietary guidelines. Additionally, food categories could be modified to be more suitable for the Austrian market, as some products which are common in Austria could not be easily assigned to the WHO food categories. To adapt the WHO NPM to the national context cooperation between health experts and food manufacturers is necessary.
- Published
- 2020
36. rhIL-7-hyFc and hIL-2/TCB2c combination promotes an immune-stimulatory tumor microenvironment that improves antitumor efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors
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Miyoung Kim, Eun Ju Lee, Donghoon Choi, Sara Ferrando-Martinez, Minji Lee, Sun-Kyoung Im, Seungtae Baek, Mankyu Ji, Seung Taek Ji, Daeun Kim, Jun-Young Lee, and Alexandra Wolfarth
- Subjects
Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Background Recombinant human interleukin (rhIL)-7-hyFc (efineptakin alfa; NT-I7) is a potent T-cell amplifier, with two IL-7 molecules fused to IgD/IgG4 elements. rhIL-7-hyFc promotes extensive infiltration of CD8+ T cells into the tumor, concurrently increasing the numbers of intratumoral PD-1+CD8+ T cells. The hIL-2/TCB2 complex (SLC-3010) inhibits tumor growth by preferential activation of CD122 (IL-2Rβ)high CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells, over regulatory T cells (Tregs). We investigated the underlying mechanisms of rhIL-7-hyFc and hIL-2/TCB2c antitumor activity and the potential synergistic efficacy, specifically focusing on tumor-specific CD8+ cells within the tumor and the tumor-draining lymph nodes (tdLN).Methods MC38 and CT26 tumor-bearing mice were administered with 10 mg/kg rhIL-7-hyFc intramuscularly and 0.9 mg/kg hIL-2/TCB2c intravenously. Anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody was administered intraperitoneally three times at 3-day intervals at a dose of 5 mg/kg. Tumor volume was measured to assess efficacy. To compare the composition of immune cells between each monotherapy and the combination therapy, we analyzed tumors and tdLNs by flow cytometry.Results Our data demonstrate that the combination of rhIL-7-hyFc and hIL-2/TCB2c increases efficacy and generates an immune-stimulatory tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME is characterized by an increased infiltration of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells, and a decreased frequency of CD39highTIM-3+ Treg cells. Most importantly, rhIL-7-hyFc increases infiltration of a CD62L+Ly108+ early progenitor population of exhausted CD8+ T cells (TPEX), which may retain long-term proliferation capacity and replenish functional effector CD8+ T cells. hIL-2/TCB2c induces differentiation of CD62L+Ly108+ TPEX rapidly into CD101+ terminally differentiated subsets (terminally exhausted T cell (TEX term)). Our study also demonstrates that rhIL-7-hyFc significantly enhances the proliferation rate of TPEX in the tdLNs, positively correlating with their abundance within the tumor. Moreover, rhIL-7-hyFc and hIL-2/TCB2c can overcome the limited therapeutic effectiveness of PD-1 blockade, culminating in the complete regression of tumors.Conclusions rhIL-7-hyFc can expand and maintain the progenitor pool of exhausted CD8+ T cells, whereas hIL-2/TCB2c promotes their differentiation into TEX term. Together, this induces an immune-stimulatory TME that improves the efficacy of checkpoint blockade.
- Published
- 2024
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37. Initial microbial colonization of enamel in children with different levels of caries activity: An in situ study
- Author
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Susann, Hertel, Alexandra, Wolf, Sabine, Basche, Gabriele, Viergutz, Stefan, Rupf, Matthias, Hannig, and Christian, Hannig
- Subjects
Male ,DMF Index ,Colony Count, Microbial ,Dental Caries ,Microscopy, Fluorescence ,Biofilms ,Child, Preschool ,Cell Adhesion ,Humans ,Female ,Dental Pellicle ,Child ,Dental Enamel ,In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence - Abstract
To investigate patterns of overnight in situ microbial colonization of enamel in children.Overall, 29 children (aged 5-9 years) participated in the study. Nine were caries-free with no decayed, missing, or filled teeth (DMFT), 11 were caries-rehabilitated (DMFT ≥ 2, no active carious lesions), and nine were caries-active (DMFT ≥ 2, at least two carious lesions). Bovine enamel samples were fixed on individual upper jaw splints stored overnight in situ. 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) combined with Concanavalin A staining was applied for fluorescence microscopic visualization of total adherent bacteria and glucans. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used for distinction of eubacteria, streptococci, and Candida albicans. Salivary samples were investigated for Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) by using CRT bacteria test and yeasts with Calcofluor white (CFW) staining.With all fluorescence methods, bacteria but not Candida albicans were detected on enamel samples. No statistically significant differences were observed in distribution patterns of the adherent bacteria between the groups. CFW staining indicated fungal structures in saliva samples of all participants. Based on CRT test results, the lowest amount of S. mutans were observed in caries-free children. Thus, initial microbial colonization patterns of enamel in children are not influenced by caries activity.Caries activity in children may influence the process of initial bioadhesion and thus distribution patterns of bacterial attachment to the enamel surface. Investigation of in situ biofilm formation might provide valuable insights regarding the varying caries susceptibility in children.
- Published
- 2017
38. Health effects of cow’s milk consumption in infants up to 3 years of age: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Katrin Seper, Bettina Meidlinger, Ursula Griebler, Christina Kien, Gerald Gartlehner, Birgit Dieminger, Ariane Hitthaller, Robert Emprechtinger, Melanie U. Bruckmüller, and Alexandra Wolf
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,MEDLINE ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Cochrane Library ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Review Articles ,Type 1 diabetes ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ,business.industry ,Infant, Newborn ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Infant ,medicine.disease ,Infant Formula ,Diet ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ,Milk ,Child, Preschool ,Meta-analysis ,Relative risk ,Female ,Observational study ,business ,Cohort study - Abstract
ObjectiveTo summarize the best available evidence regarding the short- and long-term health effects of cow’s milk intake in healthy, full-term infants up to 3 years of age.DesignWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis.SettingWe searched MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE and the Cochrane Library between 1960 and July 2013 and manually reviewed reference lists of pertinent articles. Two researchers independently reviewed abstracts and full-text articles and extracted relevant data.SubjectsWe included (randomized/non-randomized) controlled trials and observational studies.ResultsWe included data from twenty-three studies (one randomized controlled trial, four non-randomized controlled trials, eight case–control studies and ten cohort studies) for the evidence synthesis. Pooled results of four studies revealed a higher risk of Fe-deficiency anaemia for infants consuming cow’s milk compared with those consuming follow-on formula (relative risk=3·76; 95 % CI 2·73, 5·19). For type 1 diabetes mellitus, six out of seven case–control studies did not show a difference in the risk of developing this disease based on the age of introduction of cow’s milk. We did not find negative associations for other health effects.ConclusionsCow’s milk consumption in infancy is associated with an increased risk of developing Fe-deficiency anaemia. Limiting cow’s milk consumption may be important to ensure an adequate Fe intake for infants and toddlers. High-quality patient information for caregivers is needed on how infants’ Fe requirements can be met.
- Published
- 2015
39. MAPK-induced Gab1 translocation to the plasma membrane depends on a regulated intramolecular switch
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Stephan M. Feller, Alexandra Wolf, Hannes Bongartz, Sam Lievens, Fred Schaper, Philip C. Simister, René Eulenfeld, Jan Tavernier, and Wiebke Hessenkemper
- Subjects
STAT3 Transcription Factor ,MAPK/ERK pathway ,Morpholines ,Molecular Sequence Data ,GTPase ,Translocation, Genetic ,Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ,Nitriles ,Butadienes ,Humans ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Phosphorylation ,Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ,Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors ,biology ,Phospholipase C ,Interleukin-6 ,Kinase ,Cell Membrane ,Cell Biology ,Protein Structure, Tertiary ,Cell biology ,Androstadienes ,Pleckstrin homology domain ,HEK293 Cells ,Chromones ,Mutation ,biology.protein ,Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate ,GRB2 ,Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ,Signal transduction ,Wortmannin ,Protein Binding ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
The timely orchestration of multiple signalling pathways is crucial for the integrity of an organism and therefore tightly controlled. Gab family proteins coordinate signal transduction at the plasma membrane (PM) by acting as docking platforms for signalling components involved in MAP kinase (MAPK), PI3 kinase (PI3K), phospholipase C (PLC) and Rho family GTPase signalling. The interaction with these components as well as the targeting of the docking platform to the PM underlies complex spatial and temporal regulatory mechanisms. Deregulated Gab1 activation and membrane binding have been observed in some haematopoietic malignancies and solid tumours, thereby contributing, for example, to the development of Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms and certain lung cancers. Previously, we could demonstrate that the presence of PIP3 in the PM, which is increased in many cancer cells, is not sufficient for constitutive Gab1 membrane recruitment. In addition, MAPK-dependent phosphorylation of Gab1 at serine 552 (Ser552) is vital for Gab1 membrane binding. Here, we confirm our hypothesis that in the absence of MAPK activity an intrinsic part of Gab1 prevents binding to PIP3 at the PM. This epitope of Gab1, which encompasses Ser552, interacts directly with the Gab1 PH domain. Two arginines located in positions +4 and +8 of Ser552 are essential for the interaction with the PH domain, as well as for the inhibition of membrane recruitment of unphosphorylated Gab1. Ser552 phosphorylation is dispensable in respective arginine to alanine mutants of Gab1. Gab1 recruitment to the PM is highly dynamic and continuous PI3K and MAPK activities are both essential for sustained Gab1 membrane localisation. Our data document the existence of a sophisticated and robust control mechanism that prevents Gab1 translocation and signalling complex assembly after the activation of either MAPK or PI3K alone.
- Published
- 2015
40. PDI is an essential redox-sensitive activator of PERK during the unfolded protein response (UPR)
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Philip Kranz, Tobias Ocklenburg, Ulf Brockmeier, Melanie Baumann, Kirsten Goepelt, Fabian Classen, Fabian Neumann, Alexandra Wolf, Helena Riffkin, Mosche Pompsch, Jennifer Baumann, Kirsten Janke, and Eric Metzen
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Cancer Research ,Programmed cell death ,endocrine system ,Cell Survival ,Immunology ,Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase ,Protein Disulfide-Isomerases ,Medizin ,Apoptosis ,Biology ,Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases ,Endoplasmic Reticulum ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,eIF-2 Kinase ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Endoribonucleases ,Humans ,Kinase ,Activator (genetics) ,Endoplasmic reticulum ,Cell Biology ,Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ,HCT116 Cells ,Protein kinase R ,Transmembrane protein ,Cell biology ,Activating Transcription Factor 6 ,030104 developmental biology ,Cancer cell ,Unfolded protein response ,Unfolded Protein Response ,Original Article ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress leads to activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) that results in transient suppression of protein translation to allow recovery but leads to cell death when stress cannot be resolved. Central to initiation of the UPR is the activation of the ER transmembrane kinase protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK). Here we report that the thiol oxidoreductase ERp57 and protein disulfide isomerase-A1 (PDI), which belong to the same family of luminal ER oxidoreductases, have strikingly opposing roles in the regulation of PERK function. In HCT116 colon carcinoma cells, lentiviral depletion of ERp57 resulted in oxidation of PDI and activation of PERK, whereas depletion or chemical inhibition of PDI reduced PERK signaling and sensitized the cancer cells to hypoxia and ER stress. We conclude that oxidized PDI acts as a PERK activator, whereas ERp57 keeps PDI in a reduced state in the absence of ER stress. Thus, our study defines a new interface between metabolic redox signaling and PERK-dependent activation of the UPR and has the potential to influence future cancer therapies that target PERK signaling.
- Published
- 2017
41. Micro-scale determinants of bacterial diversity in soil
- Author
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Michiel Vos, Alexandra Wolf, George A. Kowalchuk, Sarah J. Jennings, and Microbial Ecology (ME)
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Bacteria ,Ecology ,Microorganism ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Biodiversity ,Biology ,Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ,Microbiology ,Spatial heterogeneity ,Phylogeography ,Soil ,NIOO ,Infectious Diseases ,Habitat ,Soil water ,Microbial Interactions ,Soil ecology ,Microcosm ,human activities ,Soil Microbiology ,Diversity (politics) ,media_common - Abstract
Soil habitats contain vast numbers of microorganisms and harbor a large portion of the planet's biological diversity. Although high-throughput sequencing technologies continue to advance our appreciation of this remarkable phylogenetic and functional diversity, we still have only a rudimentary understanding of the forces that allow diverse microbial populations to coexist in soils. This conspicuous knowledge gap may be partially due the human perspective from which we tend to examine soilborne microorganisms. This review focusses on the highly heterogeneous soil matrix from the vantage point of individual bacteria. Methods describing micro-scale soil habitats and their inhabitants based on sieving, dissecting, and visualizing individual soil aggregates are discussed, as are microcosm-based experiments allowing the manipulation of key soil parameters. We identify how the spatial heterogeneity of soil could influence a number of ecological interactions promoting the evolution and maintenance of bacterial diversity.
- Published
- 2013
42. Interleukin-6 signalling: More than Jaks and STATs
- Author
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Fred Schaper, Alexandra Wolf, Anna Dittrich, René Eulenfeld, Christina Khouri, Barbara Mütze, and Pia J. Müller
- Subjects
Histology ,Interleukin-6 ,medicine.medical_treatment ,JAK-STAT signaling pathway ,Janus Kinase 1 ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,Biology ,Glycoprotein 130 ,stat ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Cell biology ,Mice ,Crosstalk (biology) ,STAT1 Transcription Factor ,Cytokine ,STAT protein ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Phosphorylation ,Janus kinase ,PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
The hallmark of signalling by many cytokines is the activation of the Janus kinase (Jak)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway. However, cytokines additionally activate other pathways. In past years we realised that these pathways significantly contribute to the physiological functions of IL-6 and pathophysiological functions in the context of many inflammatory and proliferative diseases. Whereas other articles in this issue of the European Journal of Cell Biology focus on STAT activation and its regulation we here aim to summarise our knowledge and some remaining questions on interleukin-6 (IL-6)-induced STAT-independent pathways as well as the cross-talk with the Jak/STAT pathway. In the early stages of studying cytokine signalling we were used to analysing individual signalling pathways. These days we know about the importance of both, the crosstalk between pathways initiated by combinations of cytokines as well as the crosstalk between individual pathways initiated by a single cytokine. Whereas the inter-cytokine crosstalk can be studied relatively easily, more sophisticated experimental approaches are required to elucidate the intra-cytokine crosstalk.
- Published
- 2012
43. Serum anti-glycan antibodies predict complicated Crohnʼs disease behavior
- Author
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Andrea Dirmeier, Frank Klebl, Jennifer Yarden, Florian Rieder, Rocio Lopez, Nir Dotan, Alexandra Wolf, Larissa Spector, Stephan Schleder, Florian Obermeier, Gerhard Rogler, Ulrike Strauch, and Ella Fire
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Chitin ,Gastroenterology ,Inflammatory bowel disease ,Antibodies ,Cohort Studies ,Crohn Disease ,Polysaccharides ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Prospective Studies ,Prospective cohort study ,Glucans ,Crohn's disease ,biology ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Predictive value of tests ,Immunology ,Cohort ,Disease Progression ,biology.protein ,Female ,Antibody ,Complication ,business ,Follow-Up Studies ,Cohort study - Abstract
Background: A high proportion of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) over time develop complications like fistulae and strictures, requiring surgery. We tested a panel of antiglycan antibodies for predicting the occurrence of complications and CD-related surgery in an adult patient cohort. Methods: Serum samples of 149 CD patients of the German inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) network were tested for the presence of anti-laminarin IgA (Anti-L), anti-chitin IgA (Anti-C), anti-chitobioside IgA (ACCA), anti-laminaribioside IgG (ALCA), anti-mannobioside IgG (AMCA), and anti-Saccaromyces cerevisiae IgG (gASCA) carbohydrate antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (IBDX® panel, Glycominds, Lod, Israel) in a blinded fashion. Clinical data were available on occurrence of complicated disease or CD-related surgery as well as disease activity, onset, and location. Results: The median follow-up of the patients without any previous complication or surgery at time of sample procurement was 53.7 months. Overall, 26.3% developed a complication and 17.1% underwent CD-related surgery, respectively. Positivity for gASCA, AMCA, ACCA, and Anti-L alone or an increasing frequency of positive serum antibodies independently predicted a faster progression toward a more severe disease course. Once a complication or surgery had occurred only positivity for Anti-L or more than 3 markers out of the whole panel indicated progression to an additional surgery or complication. The antibody status of most patients remained stable over time. Conclusions: This is the first study showing the clinical value of serum antiglycan antibodies for prediction of a more complicated disease course in adult patients with CD. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010)
- Published
- 2010
44. Association of the novel serologic anti-glycan antibodies anti-laminarin and anti-chitin with complicated Crohnʼs disease behavior
- Author
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Alexandra Wolf, Rocio Lopez, Stephan Schleder, Frank Klebl, Nir Dotan, Florian Rieder, Ulrike Strauch, Jennifer Yarden, Gerhard Rogler, Ella Fire, Andrea Dirmeier, Florian Obermeier, and Larissa Spector
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Chitin ,Immunofluorescence ,Severity of Illness Index ,Inflammatory bowel disease ,Serology ,Crohn Disease ,Polysaccharides ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Medicine ,Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect ,Glucans ,Autoantibodies ,Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody ,Crohn's disease ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,biology ,business.industry ,Panca ,Age Factors ,Gastroenterology ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Ulcerative colitis ,ROC Curve ,Immunology ,Disease Progression ,biology.protein ,Female ,Antibody ,business ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Background: We tested a panel of novel serological anti-glycan antibodies including the previously unpublished anti-laminarin IgA (Anti-L) and anti-chitin IgA (Anti-C) carbohydrate antibodies for the presence in Crohn's disease (CD) patients, diagnosis and differentiation of CD, association with complicated disease behavior, and marker stability over time. Methods: The presence of Anti-L, Anti-C, anti-chitobioside IgA (ACCA), anti-laminaribioside IgG (ALCA), anti-mannobioside IgG (AMCA), and anti-Saccaromyces cervisiae IgG (gASCA) carbohydrate antibodies were tested in serum samples from 824 participants (363 CD, 130 ulcerative colitis [UC], 74 other gastrointestinal diseases, and 257 noninflammatory bowel/gastrointestinal disease controls) of the German IBD-network by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; Glycominds, Lod, Israel) and for perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (pANCA) by immunofluorescence. Results: In all, 77.4% of the CD patients were positive for at least 1 of the anti-glycan antibodies. gASCA or the combination of gASCA/pANCA remained most accurate for the diagnosis of CD, but the combined use of the antibodies improved differentiation of CD from UC. Several single markers as well as an increasing antibody response were independently linked to a severe disease phenotype, as shown for the occurrence of complications, CD-related surgery, early disease onset, and ileal disease location. This was observed for both quantitative and qualitative antibody responses. The antibody status remained stable over time in most IBD patients. Conclusions: A panel of anti-glycan antibodies including the novel Anti-L and Anti-C may aid in differentiation of CD from UC, is associated with complicated CD behavior and IBD-related surgery, and is stable over time in a large patient cohort. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2009
- Published
- 2010
45. The regulation of SIRT2 function by cyclin-dependent kinases affects cell motility
- Author
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Ruwin Pandithage, Richard Lilischkis, Bernd Knöll, Bernhard Lüscher, Britta Jedamzik, Edwin Lasonder, Kai Harting, Jörg Vervoorts, Juliane Lüscher-Firzlaff, Alexandra Wolf, and Elisabeth Kremmer
- Subjects
Cyclin E ,Cyclin D ,Growth Cones ,Cyclin A ,Nerve Tissue Proteins ,Biology ,Hippocampus ,Microtubules ,Article ,Cell Line ,Mice ,Metabolism, transport and motion [NCMLS 2] ,Sirtuin 2 ,Cell Movement ,Cyclin-dependent kinase ,Catalytic Domain ,Serine ,Animals ,Humans ,Sirtuins ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Phosphorylation ,Research Articles ,Cyclin ,Oncogene Proteins ,Kinase ,Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 ,Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 ,Cell Differentiation ,Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 ,Cell Biology ,Cyclin-Dependent Kinases ,Cell biology ,Mitochondrial medicine [IGMD 8] ,biology.protein ,biological phenomena, cell phenomena, and immunity ,Cellular energy metabolism [UMCN 5.3] ,Protein Processing, Post-Translational ,Cyclin A2 ,HeLa Cells - Abstract
Contains fulltext : 70691.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) fulfill key functions in many cellular processes, including cell cycle progression and cytoskeletal dynamics. A limited number of Cdk substrates have been identified with few demonstrated to be regulated by Cdk-dependent phosphorylation. We identify on protein expression arrays novel cyclin E-Cdk2 substrates, including SIRT2, a member of the Sirtuin family of NAD(+)-dependent deacetylases that targets alpha-tubulin. We define Ser-331 as the site phosphorylated by cyclin E-Cdk2, cyclin A-Cdk2, and p35-Cdk5 both in vitro and in cells. Importantly, phosphorylation at Ser-331 inhibits the catalytic activity of SIRT2. Gain- and loss-of-function studies demonstrate that SIRT2 interfered with cell adhesion and cell migration. In postmitotic hippocampal neurons, neurite outgrowth and growth cone collapse are inhibited by SIRT2. The effects provoked by SIRT2, but not those of a nonphosphorylatable mutant, are antagonized by Cdk-dependent phosphorylation. Collectively, our findings identify a posttranslational mechanism that controls SIRT2 function, and they provide evidence for a novel regulatory circuitry involving Cdks, SIRT2, and microtubules.
- Published
- 2008
46. Personal, social and environmental predictors of daily fruit and vegetable intake in 11-year-old children in nine European countries
- Author
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C Sandvik, Pernille Due, S.J. te Velde, Mette Rasmussen, I. De Bourdeaudhuij, Alexandra Wolf, Inga Thorsdottir, C Pérez Rodrigo, Johannes Brug, Agneta Yngve, Lea Maes, Bela Franchini, Ibrahim Elmadfa, M. Wind, K.-I. Klepp, Public Health, Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Epidemiology and Data Science, Pathology, and EMGO - Lifestyle, overweight and diabetes
- Subjects
Cross-Cultural Comparison ,Male ,Gerontology ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Outras ciências médicas ,Health Promotion ,Food Preferences ,Other medical sciences ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Environmental health ,Vegetables ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Humans ,Parent-Child Relations ,Child ,Consumption (economics) ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,Public health ,food and beverages ,Feeding Behavior ,Other medical sciences [Medical and Health sciences] ,Nutrition Surveys ,Self Efficacy ,Diet ,Europe ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Health promotion ,Fruit ,Fruit intake ,Female ,Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ,Outras ciências médicas [Ciências médicas e da saúde] ,business ,Attitude to Health - Abstract
Udgivelsesdato: 2008-Jul Objective:To investigate potential personal, social and physical environmental predictors of daily fruit intake and daily vegetable intake in 11-year-old boys and girls in nine European countries.Subjects:The total sample size was 13 305 (90.4% participation rate).Results:Overall, 43.2% of the children reported to eat fruit every day, 46.1% reported to eat vegetables every day. Daily fruit intake and daily vegetable intake was mainly associated with knowledge of the national recommendations, positive self-efficacy, positive liking and preference, parental modeling and demand and bringing fruit to school (odds ratio between 1.40 and 2.42, P
- Published
- 2008
47. From wild demon to pastoral hero: the Green Man in Twentieth-Century British fiction
- Author
-
Alexandra Wolf
- Subjects
Literature ,Literature and Literary Theory ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,HERO ,Art ,business ,Demon ,Demography ,media_common - Published
- 2008
48. Early colonizers of unoccupied habitats represent a minority of the soil bacterial community
- Author
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W.F. de Boer, Alexandra Wolf, M.B. Rudnick, George A. Kowalchuk, and Microbial Ecology (ME)
- Subjects
Microcosms ,Pseudomonas fluorescens ,Ecological succession ,Biology ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Microbiology ,Soil ,03 medical and health sciences ,High-throughput tag sequencing ,Nutrient ,NIOO ,Enterobacteriaceae ,Oxalobacteraceae ,Pseudomonas ,RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ,Botany ,Colonization ,Undibacterium ,Collimonas fungivorans ,Succession ,Ecosystem ,Soil Microbiology ,Bodembiologie ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Ecology ,030306 microbiology ,Microbiota ,Genes, rRNA ,Motility ,Soil Biology ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,PE&RC ,Bacterial diversity ,Pyrosequencing ,Microcosm - Abstract
In order to understand (re-)colonization of microhabitats and bacterial succession in soil, it is important to understand which members of soil bacterial communities are most motile in the porous soil matrix. To address this issue, we carried out a series of experiments in sterilized soil microcosms. Using two different model strains, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain Pf0–1 and Collimonas fungivorans strain Ter331, we first determined the influence of nutrient availability on bacterial expansion rates. Based on these results, we then conducted similar microcosm experiments to examine microbial mobility within natural soil bacterial communities under a single nutrient regime. The expansion of bacterial populations within the community was assayed by quantitative PCR and pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene fragments. We observed that only a relatively small subset of the total community was able to expand to an appreciable distance (more than 2 cm) within 48 hours, with the genera Undibacterium, Pseudomonas, and Massilia and especially the family Enterobacteriaceae dominating the communities more distant from the point of inoculation. These results suggest that (re-)colonization of open habitats in soil may be dominated by a few rapidly moving species, which may have important consequences for microbial succession.
- Published
- 2015
49. Promoting and sustaining health through increased vegetable and fruit consumption among European schoolchildren: The Pro Children Project
- Author
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Inga Thorsdottir, Pernille Due, Carmen Perez Rodrigo, Johannes Brug, Ibrahim Elmadfa, Knut-Inge Klepp, Jóhanna Haraldsdóttir, Michael Sjöström, Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij, Agneta Yngve, Maria Daniel Vaz de Almeida, Alexandra Wolf, and Public Health
- Subjects
Gerontology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Public health ,Nutrition Education ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Consumption (sociology) ,University hospital ,Social medicine ,Preventive nutrition ,medicine ,Nutrition research ,business ,Socioeconomics ,Erasmus+ - Abstract
Aim The Pro Children consortium consists of the following partners: Knut-Inge Klepp (Coordinator), Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Norway; Carmen Perez Rodrigo, Unidad de Nutricion Comunitaria, Bilbao, Spain; Inga Thorsdottir, Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland; Pernille Due, Department of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Maria Daniel Vaz de Almeida, Faculdade de Ciencias da Nutricao e Alimentacao da Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Ibrahim Elmadfa and Alexandra Wolf, Institute of Nutrition, University of Vienna, Austria; Johanna Haraldsdottir, Research Department of Human Nutrition, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Copenhagen, Denmark; Johannes Brug, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Public Health, The Netherlands; Michael Sjostrom and Agneta Yngve, Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium. The Pro Children study is designed to assess vegetable and fruit consumption and determinants of the consumption patterns among European school children and their parents. A second objective is to develop and test strategies for promoting increased consumption of vegetables and fruits among school children and their parents.
- Published
- 2005
50. Fruit and Vegetable Intake in a Sample of 11-Year-Old Children in 9 European Countries: The Pro Children Cross-Sectional Survey
- Author
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Carmen Pérez-Rodrigo, Eric Poortvliet, Knut-Inge Klepp, Jóhanna Haraldsdóttir, Bela Franchini, Rikke Krølner, Johannes Brug, Michael Sjöström, Agneta Yngve, Bettina Ehrenblad, Lea Maes, Inga Thorsdottir, Alexandra Wolf, Ibrahim Elmadfa, and Public Health
- Subjects
Male ,Gerontology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cross-sectional study ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Sample (statistics) ,Diet Surveys ,Nutrition Policy ,Sex Factors ,Sex factors ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Environmental health ,Vegetables ,medicine ,Humans ,Child ,Schools ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Nutrition assessment ,Food frequency ,business.industry ,Public health ,Estudio transversal ,Nutritional Requirements ,Europe ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Nutrition Assessment ,Fruit ,Mental Recall ,Female ,Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ,business - Abstract
Background/Aims: An adequate fruit and vegetable intake provides essential nutrients and nutritive compounds and is considered an important part of a healthy lifestyle. No simple instrument has been available for the assessment of fruit and vegetable intake as well as its determinants in school-aged children applicable in different European countries. Within the Pro Children Project, such an instrument has been developed. This paper describes the cross-sectional survey in 11-year-olds in 9 countries. Methods: The cross-sectional survey used nationally, and in 2 countries regionally, representative samples of schools and classes. The questionnaires, including a precoded 24-hour recall component and a food frequency part, were completed in the classroom. Data were treated using common syntax files for portion sizes and for merging of vegetable types into four subgroups. Results: The results show that the fruit and vegetable intake in amounts and choice were highly diverse in the 9 participating countries. Vegetable intake was in general lower than fruit intake, boys consumed less fruit and vegetables than girls did. The highest total intake according to the 24-hour recall was found in Austria and Portugal, the lowest in Spain and Iceland. Conclusion: The fruit and vegetable intake in 11-year-old children was in all countries far from reaching population goals and food-based dietary guidelines on national and international levels.
- Published
- 2005
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