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Recently, the design of polymer nanofibers using the electrospinning process has attracted much interest. Particularly the use of natural polymers has promoted many advantages in their biomedical applications. However, the combination of multiple natural polymers remains a great challenge in terms of electrospun production and applied performance. From this perspective, the current investigation highlights the study of the preparation of electrospun nanomaterial scaffolds based on combined natural polymers for improved wound healing performance. First, we have synthesized a crosslinked polymer by reacting microcrystalline cellulose (MC) and chitosan (CS) biopolymer via the intermediate of citric acid as a crosslinking agent. Then a natural propolis biomolecule was incorporated into the polymer network. Different MC/CS blend ratios of 90/10 and 70/30 were then used and various machine parameters were optimized to obtain nanofiber scaffolds with excellent strength and structures. SEM, IR, physicochemical, mechanical, and morpho-logical characterization were then performed. SEM evaluation revealed homogeneous and bead-free nanofibrous structures, with well-defined morphology and a random deposition that could accurately mimic the extracellular matrix of native skin. The calculated average nanofiber diameters for the MC/CS blend ratios at 90/10 and 70/30 were 431.4 and 441.2 nm, respectively. The results showed that when the chitosan amount increased, larger nanofibers with narrow diameter distribution appeared. The prepared nanomaterials had a significant and close water vapor permeability of about 1735.12 and 1698.52 g per m per day for the two blend ratios of 90/10 and 70/30, respectively. The examination of swelling behavior revealed a noteworthy enhancement in hydrophilicity, a necessary attribute for improved healing efficacy. FT-IR analysis confirmed the success and the stability of the chemical crosslinking reaction between the two biopolymers before nanofiber conception. Excellent mechanical properties were acquired, based on the chitosan content. Both developed nanofiber scaffolds exhibited high tensile strength and Young's modulus values. The incorporation of 30% chitosan versus 10% results in an increase in tensile strength of 11% and 14% in Young's modulus. Therefore, we could adjust the different mechanical properties simply by varying the mixing rate of the electrospun polymers. Using epithelial HepG2 cells, viability and kinetic cell adhesion assays were assessed to obtain biological evaluation. No cytotoxicity was observed and good cytocompatibility was confirmed. Functionalized nanofiber biomaterials with different MC/CS ratios substantiated significant bactericidal effectiveness against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial culture strains. The novel functional electrospun wound dressing scaffold demonstrated effective and promising biomedical performance, healing both acute and chronic wounds., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Introduction Risk perception is the key component of many health behavior changes. This study identified the deliberative sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk perception among young females during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its implication on their willingness to lifestyle change in the Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia. This cross‑sectional study using self‑administered online questionnaires was conducted to reach a total of 797 female university students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Results Eighty-six percent of participants showed moderate SCD risk perception, with a mean score of 20.4±4.4. Ninety-six percent of participants had ≥1 established SCD risk factor. A family history of cardiovascular disease and SCD was the most commonly reported risk factor (75.5%), followed by physical inactivity (75.4%). Nearly 60% of participants showed a high willingness to change personal lifestyle behaviors, however, the presence of risk factors did not significantly enhance their willingness tochange in order to control these risk factors. Conclusions This study identifies the deliberative SCD risk perception among young Saudi women and raises the need for preventive health care programs that enhance healthy behaviors among students at high risk, to minimize cardiovascular diseases and fatalities., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Ibrahim et al.)

Introduction Online learning is the educational format adopted by schools and universities during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It comprises Internet-based learning, computer-based learning, virtual classrooms, and digital collaborations. This study aims to assess digital eye strain (DES) among children attending online classes in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted among children aged 3 to 18 years old in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. We sent out a self-administered questionnaire to parents of the targeted children by using social media, such as WhatsApp (Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States), Telegram (Telegram FZ LLC, Dubai), and Twitter (Twitter, Inc., San Francisco, California, United States). The questionnaire included questions on socio-demographic profile, smart devices being used, frequency of devices used per day before and during the lockdown, and DES.  Results  A total of 547 children were involved (50.3% males vs. 49.7% females). During online classes, the most commonly used device was tablets (51.2%). A significant increase was noticed in the use of devices during the COVID-19-related lockdown among children (p<0.001). The prevalence of DES-positive symptoms was 69.8%. The presence of DES symptoms was associated with age group (p=0.003), school level (p=0.040), device preferred for online classes (p=0.001), number of hours spent attending online classes (p=0.010), and number of hours spent using an electronic device during the lockdown (p<0.001). Conclusion Our study underlines a higher prevalence rate of DES among children during this time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Children who used a digital device for more than five hours during the lockdown had a greater risk of having DES than the rest., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Aldukhayel et al.)

Headache is one of the most frequent complaints in the outpatient department. The types of headaches can be broadly classified into primary and secondary. The primary headaches have benign intrinsic causes and include tension, migraine, and cluster headaches. A detailed history and appropriate physical examination are essential in assessing patients with headaches.  We present the case of a 33-year-old woman who presented to our primary care clinic with three days history of worsening frontal headache. She had been experiencing this headache daily for the last three months; however, the current episode is more severe. The headache episode was not associated with fever, neck stiffness, or loss of consciousness. She often became nauseated with the headache. There was no history of weakness, numbness, or visual disturbances with the headache. There was no family history of migraine headaches. On examination, no focal neurological deficit was noted. The head CT scan showed the presence of two highly hyperdense foci in the frontotemporal region, one of them was related to the dura. Such foci were not causing midline shift or brain edema. The preliminary diagnosis was calcified meningioma. Surgical excision of the lesions was planned. The patient underwent right craniotomy under general anesthesia. The two osseous lesions were observed and successfully resected. Histopathological examination of the lesions was consistent with osteoma. Intracranial osteoma is a very rare benign neoplasm of the mature bone tissue. The typical clinical manifestation of intracranial osteoma is a chronic headache. Head CT shows a well-defined, hyperdense structure. However, this is often mistaken as calcified meningioma., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Aldandan et al.)

Introduction Celiac disease is an immune-mediated systemic disease. It is prevalent and has diverse clinical manifestations; gastrointestinal symptoms are more common in children, including failure to thrive, chronic diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal distention. The diagnosis should be made at a precise time to evade severe irreversible complications, especially for pediatric patients. This study aimed to determine the clinical presentation and diagnosis, including laboratory, serological tests, and histopathological findings, in pediatric celiac disease patients. Patients and methods  From January 2019 to August 2021, all children with a confirmed celiac disease diagnosis at Maternity and Children's Hospital in Buraydah, Qassim region, Saudi Arabia, were studied retrospectively. Information was collected, including demographics, clinical presentation, and diagnostic modalities with serology and small intestinal histology reported by Marsh grading.  Results Fourteen patients were reviewed, with a mean age of 8.64 years. Marsh grading of those who underwent biopsy revealed that half of the patients had type 3a, and the rest had either type 1 or 3b celiac disease. Clinical manifestations included abdominal distention and chronic diarrhea, and some patients were asymptomatic. Conclusion Abdominal distention, chronic diarrhea, constipation, and nausea were the most common clinical features. Patients with a family history of celiac disease, longer symptom duration, and higher tissue transglutaminase immunoglobulin A   (tTG-IgA) levels are more symptomatic., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Alkhiari et al.)

Mesenteric ischemia (MI) is a reduction in blood flow of the mesenteric vessels resulting in ischemia or infarction if not treated properly. It is difficult to diagnose and it has a high rate of mortality. Moreover, it is managed either by open surgery or endovascular approach. We present a case of a 79-year-old male patient with MI managed initially by thrombolytic therapy with stent through inferior mesenteric artery which has failed. Few days later he presented with the same complaint. He was treated with heparin for five days and discharged in good condition. Six days later, the patient returned to the ED with MI and managed successfully with retrograde right common ilio-mesenteric artery bypass with no complication and made full recovery. Endovascular revascularization is a minimally invasive approach and it is the initial treatment of choice for mesenteric occlusive disease. However, this approach is not always feasible which explains the role for open approach., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2021, Selim et al.)