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Electrochromic (EC) thin films have received considerable attention due to their potential applications in various fields such as smart windows, electrochromic displays, and energy storage devices. This review highlights various methods used for the fabrication and functionalization of EC films for various applications. Various techniques for EC thin film deposition ranging from solution-processable, low-temperature approaches such as sol-gel, spin coating, dip coating, and spray pyrolysis, to advanced techniques for deposition such as physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, and sputtering are summarized in this review. In addition, various applications of EC thin films and the outcome of different deposition approaches on the opto-electrochromic properties of EC thin films have been discussed elaborately. This review has the potential to spark the interest of researchers from a broad range of disciplines, including photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, nanotechnology and materials science.

Electrochromic (EC) thin films have received considerable attention due to their potential applications in various fields such as smart windows, electrochromic displays, and energy storage devices. This review highlights various methods used for the fabrication and functionalization of EC films for various applications. Various techniques for EC thin film deposition ranging from solution-processable, low-temperature approaches such as sol-gel, spin coating, dip coating, and spray pyrolysis, to advanced techniques for deposition such as physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, and sputtering are summarized in this review. In addition, various applications of EC thin films and the outcome of different deposition approaches on the opto-electrochromic properties of EC thin films have been discussed elaborately. This review has the potential to spark the interest of researchers from a broad range of disciplines, including photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, nanotechnology and materials science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetes is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally. Hypoglycemia is a rate-limiting issue in achieving rigorous glycemic control in diabetic patients. Many diabetic patients on insulin therapy are not aware of hypoglycemic symptoms. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hypoglycemic symptoms in diabetic patients on Insulin. Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to October 2023 at Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar. A convenient sampling technique was used for data collection, and data was collected using socio-demographic characteristics, Clark's questionnaire, and questions related to hypoglycemic symptoms. The sample size was determined using the WHO formula. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24. A p-value of <0.05 demonstrated statistically significant findings. Results: The study included 345 diabetic patients. Among them, 156 (43.2%) were males and 189 (52.4%) were females. The majority of participants were uneducated, 250 (69.3%). About 18% of patients were aware of hypoglycemic symptoms. There was no association between the duration of diabetes and gender and awareness of hypoglycemic symptoms, while an association was found between education and awareness of hypoglycemic symptoms (p<0.001). Most participants said that they consume sugar when they experience hypoglycemic symptoms. Conclusion: The majority of participants were unaware of hypoglycemic symptoms. These patients experience symptoms such as perspiration and trembling with hypoglycemia. The study also found an association between patients' awareness of their symptoms and educational attainment. Most participants admitted to consuming sugar in response to hypoglycemic symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To describe the presentation and management of ocular maggots and to identify the factors contributing to their occurrence. Study Design: Retrospective case series. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology Mayo Hospital Lahore from 2015 to 2022. Methods: The study involved retrospective chart analysis of patients who presented with Ophthalmomyasis and managed in the eye department. Data regarding age, gender, occupation, clinical findings, co-morbidities, associations and environmental factors were analyzed. Larvae were removed one by one under microscope. Follow up was done after 1 week, 1 month and 3 months. In patients with orbital myasis having distorted, large ulcerated wounds/socket, turpentine oil was used and larvae were removed mechanically under microscope. Results: There were 15 fifteen patients included in the study. Underlying co-morbidities were present in 60% patients and the most common being basal cell carcinoma (46.6%). Seventy four percent patients had some systemic disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, AIDS, Hepatitis C etc. One third patients had external ophthalmo-myasis while two third had orbital myasis. Patients who did not complete follow-up were 33%. Use of suffocating agents like turpentine oil, periodic removal of larvae, topical and systemic antibiotics, topical lavage with copious irrigation with sterile fluids resulted in good outcome in all cases that completed the follow up. Conclusion: The majority of patients came from rural communities and had underlying co-morbidities. Timely management resulted in good outcomes for all patients who completed the follow-up, highlighting the importance of comprehensive and sustained treatment protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study is based on the determination of amlodipine besylate (AB) after derivatization with 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMAB) using UV/Visible spectrophotometer at pH 5 to yield derivative that is measured at λ max 399 nm. The calibration graph obtained was liner and fulfilled Beer Lambert’s law in the concentration range 05-25 µg/mL of (AB) and DMAB having coefficient of determination R² 0.9988 with RSD 0.93% and molar absorptivity 4.04x103 mole-1 cm-1. Quantitative / analytical parameters such as pH, heating time, temperature were optimized. Reagent concentration /volume, interday and intraday studies were also carried out. There was no effect of various solvents and additives observed on the determination of AB in commercially available drugs. The method is stable, accurate, rapid and simple for the study of imine derivative of AB.

Natural dyes are gaining a great deal of attention due to their eco-friendly and sustainable properties for advanced apparel applications. However, the reproducibility and accessibility of various colors using natural dyes remain challenging. In this study, plant-extracted fluorescent protein C-phycocyanin (CP) is used as a natural dye source and doped in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers via electrospinning for advanced apparel applications. The prepared nanofibers show a smooth and bead-free surface morphology. The FTIR results confirmed the formation of PVA nanofibers followed by a major peak at 3304 cm ^−1 due to the stretching of hydroxyl groups. Subsequently, CP-doping in PVA nanofibers is observed by the N–H deformation peaks at 1541 cm ^−1 ; C–N stretching vibrations at 1250 cm ^−1 and 1092 cm ^−1 ; and the C=O stretching vibrations of the carboxyl group at 1722 cm ^−1 , respectively. Thus, CP-doped PVA nanofibers exhibit a good color strength (K/S) of 0.2 having a blue color tune and good color fastness properties. The mechanical strength of PVA nanofibers increased from 6 MPa to 18 MPa, due to crystalline characteristics endowed by the dope dyeing technique. Further, CP-doped PVA nanofibers exhibit homogeneous bright red fluorescence in individual nanofibers. Therefore, the proposed CP-doped PVA nanofibers can be used for flexible advanced apparel and biosensor applications.

This research examines the impact of buyer–seller similarities (dissimilarities) in Big Five personalities—agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, openness, and neuroticism—on impulsive buying in a dyadic setting. The study further analyzed how the interaction intensity and sensory stimulation mediate the effect of buyer–seller similarities (dissimilarities) on impulsive buying. The authors gathered 1020 dyad data from various beauty salons located in China to achieve research objectives. Difference score analysis was used to compute buyer–seller similarity (dissimilarity), and a variance‐based structural equation modeling technique was applied to analyze the data. The results indicate that the similarity of dyads in agreeableness and openness increases impulsive buying, while similarity in neurotic dyads decreases impulsive buying. Furthermore, interaction intensity mediates the relationships of dyads' similarities—in extraversion and openness—with impulsive buying, while buyers' sensory stimulation mediates the associations of buyer–seller dyads' similarities—in extraversion, neuroticism, and openness—with impulsive buying. Finally, this study provides several implications for marketers in the services industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Banana is a significant crop worldwide, and it is prone to spoilage after ripening. Processing bananas into food products reduces their post-harvest losses and promotes food security. Jam is a popular banana product, and its preparation is influenced by several factors, including pectin content and different banana varieties. The current research aimed to assess the nutritional and sensory properties of banana jam developed from Cavendish dwarf (local variety) and Indial long (hybrid variety) and treated with three different levels of pectin i.e., 5, 10, and 15 g kg-1. The results revealed that 15 g kg-1 pectin levels resulted in a better nutritional profile and sensory attributes, with 0.72% ash, 61.59% TSS, 4.28 pH, 13.84 mg 100 g-1 vitamin C, 4.34% protein, 40.10% carbohydrate, 1.34% fat, 0.50% crude fiber, 0.32% titratable acidity, 78.13 mg 100 g-1 potassium, 0.82 mg 100 g-1 iron, 1.56 mg 100 g-1 calcium, 1.36 mg 100 g-1 magnesium, 29.62 mg 100 g-1 sodium, and sensory scores of 7.87 for color, 7.78 for flavor, 7.85 for texture, and 7.92 for overall acceptability. This was followed by the 10 g and 5 g kg-1 pectin levels. Similarly, the results of varieties showed the Indial long variety to have superior nutritional and sensory qualities compared to the Cavendish dwarf variety, with 0.86% ash, 54.20% TSS, 4.23 pH, 12.78 mg 100 g-1 vitamin C, 4.56% protein, 39.29% carbohydrate, 1.15% fat, 0.37% crude fiber, 0.33% titratable acidity, 78.01 mg 100 g-1 potassium, 0.81 mg 100 g-1 iron, 1.62 mg 100 g-1 calcium, 1.27 mg 100 g-1 magnesium, and 29.67 mg 100 g-1 sodium. Its sensory scores were 7.93 for color, 7.83 for flavor, 7.90 for texture, and 7.96 for overall acceptability. It can be concluded that banana jam prepared with a pectin ratio of 15 g kg-1 has better nutritional and sensory characteristics. The results reflected that the Indial long variety was more suitable for banana jam production as compared to the Cavendish dwarf variety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]