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The aim of the present study is to find the gap between expectations and perceptions of students regarding the service quality of higher education public institutions of Lahore, Pakistan. Paired sample t-test was used to explore the gap between expectation and perception of the students of the higher education of the public institutions of Lahore. Stratified random sampling technique was used to collect the data from the students. The results indicated that there were differences between the expectations and perceptions of the students which relate to Reliability, Responsiveness and Assurance dimension. There was no significant difference between the expectations and perceptions of the students towards service quality of higher education public institutions of Lahore, Pakistan in terms of Assurance and Empathy. Research limitations: The data was only collected from the capital city of the province of Punjab. Moreover, the study focused only on higher education public institutions. The research methodology of this study is different from all the other studies which were conducted on this topic. In this study, we have focused to find the problem that students may face in service quality in higher education public institutions.

Drawing on stakeholder theory and contingency theory, this study examines the effects of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on corporate reputation and financial performance of Pakistani firms with a moderating role of responsible leadership. Perceptual data on CSR, reputation, and performance were collected from 224 senior‐level Pakistani managers through a questionnaire survey. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The results reveal that socially responsible initiatives for disparate stakeholders significantly and positively influence corporate reputation and financial performance. Moreover, CSR–reputation and CSR–performance direct relationships were found to be negatively moderated by responsible leadership. It suggests that when socially responsible firms have leaders with strong stakeholder values, they practice excessive CSR that hurts performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A great number of studies have been conducted to examine the direct impact of corporate social responsibility on firm's financial performance, but this direct relationship seems to be spurious and imprecise. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the intervening role of corporate image and customer satisfaction on the relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial performance. Data is collected from 229 companies listed on Pakistan stock exchange using simple random sampling technique. Structural equation modelling has been used for the measurement model and for hypotheses testing. Results indicate that corporate image and customer satisfaction partially mediate the association between corporate social responsibility and financial performance. The study concludes that corporate social responsibility significantly affects the firm's financial performance by developing a positive image among the stakeholders and decreasing overall costs. This study will help management of organizations to realize the importance of corporate social responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]