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Abstract Most RNA-protein condensates are composed of heterogeneous immiscible phases. However, how this multiphase organization contributes to their biological functions remains largely unexplored. Drosophila germ granules, a class of RNA-protein condensates, are the site of mRNA storage and translational activation. Here, using super-resolution microscopy and single-molecule imaging approaches, we show that germ granules have a biphasic organization and that translation occurs in the outer phase and at the surface of the granules. The localization, directionality, and compaction of mRNAs within the granule depend on their translation status, translated mRNAs being enriched in the outer phase with their 5′end oriented towards the surface. Translation is strongly reduced when germ granule biphasic organization is lost. These findings reveal the intimate links between the architecture of RNA-protein condensates and the organization of their different functions, highlighting the functional compartmentalization of these condensates.

Spontaneous urinoma is a rare urological complication that can occur following acute urinary obstruction. It involves a collection of urine that typically forms around the kidney as a result of rupture of the fornix. There are several causes of acute urinary stasis, including lithiasis, tumors, prostatic hypertrophy, and others. We present a unique case of an asymptomatic spontaneous urinoma discovered incidentally during the extension study of a 66-year-old woman with cervical cancer. The positive diagnosis was made through a combination of ultrasound and uro-computed tomography scan. The evolution was marked by the occurrence of a uremic encephalopathy, leading to death before any treatment.

Stent underexpansion in calcified coronary stenosis is an important predictor of major short- and long-term adverse cardiovascular events. In this case, we describe a novel method for assessing stent expansion using 3-dimensional stent reconstruction with C-arm motion compensated computed tomography.

Using desi-cow waste products like Jeevamrit under natural farming is widespread among farmers for improving soil biology and productivity. Jeevamrit enhances soil chemical and microbiological properties without needing a large quantity of farmyard manure (FYM) as a sustainable farming practice with a reduced carbon footprint. Despite its traditional use, Jeevamrit faces criticism due to a lack of scientific evidence. This study investigated the comparative effect of Jeevamrit and chemical fertilizers on the growth and yield of marigold cv. Siracole. The experiment employed a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The mother block of marigolds was raised for both the summer and winter seasons. From this mother block, three harvesting flushes were taken and propagated from cuttings. The rooted cuttings were planted at monthly intervals and evaluated for flowering parameters and compared to those treated with RDF (30:20:20 N, P, and K g/m2). Soil supplied with Jeevamrit showed enhanced bacteria (26.33%), fungi (18.92%), and actinomycetes (31.21%) populations compared to the recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) (i.e., N–P–K @ 30:20:20 g m−2). Jeevamrit-treated plants have a more marketable flower yield per square meter (3.98%) and a longer shelf life (9.93%) compared to RDF. The study concludes that Jeevamrit @ 2 liters m−2 is a sustainable and effective alternative to traditional fertilizers for enhancing marigold production in the mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh, where natural farming is already accepted.

Rheumatic diseases are common progressive diseases that associated with chronic pain. Most patients seek to reduce the pain of these diseases by using dietary supplements (DS). Yet, most DS have limited benefits to reduce pain and/or disease progression. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the perceptions of community pharmacists about the efficacy, safety, and quality of the DS for treatment of rheumatic diseases (DSTRD) in the Iraqi pharmaceutical market. A qualitative study was conducted during February-2023 through face-to-face interview with community pharmacists with ≥6 months of working experience. The interviews were guided through semi-structured open-ended questions. The interviews were recorded using iPhone-11. A hybrid framework-model was used to analyze the data. Interviews were performed with 20 pharmacists. Only 30% of pharmacists considered DSTRD to be effective, whereas 75% of them perceived DSTRD to be safe. One-quarter of the participants considered the quality of DSTRD to be good. All interviewed pharmacists reported that prescribing DSTRD become a common practice. Eleven participants reported that deals with pharmaceutical companies are the main trigger for prescribing DSTRD. Three-quarter of participating pharmacists mentioned that they educate their patient about the dispensed DSTRD. However, only 10% of them educate patients about the possible side effects and interactions of DSTRD. In conclusion, most of the participating pharmacists have doubts about the efficacy, safety, and quality of DSTRD in the Iraqi market. The prescribing of such products by physicians is common and usually triggered by deals with pharmaceutical companies. Pharmacist-education to the patient on these supplements is poor.

Background: Celastrus paniculatus is a herb used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine that has been reported to show multiple pharmacological properties. In this study, we explored the antioxidative, hypolipidaemic and hypoglycaemic potential of C. paniculatus methanolic seed extract (CPMSE) in high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. Materials and methods: Seeds of C. paniculatus were extracted in methanol using Soxhlet extraction method. A total of 36 rats were induced with STZ and HFD and treated with glibenclamide or various concentrations of CPMSE. Upon treatment, blood samples were collected and kidney and liver samples were homogenised. Serum biochemical estimation was performed using several diagnostic kits. Protein was estimated by bicinchoninic acid (BCA) method. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring malondialdehyde level and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity. Results: CPMSE caused improvements in glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, liver function and oxidative stress parameters in a dose-dependent manner. CPMSE significantly decreased the levels of fasting blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin as well as increased insulin level and total protein content. There was an increase in total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG) levels and reduction in high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level. There was a decrease in serum levels of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). CPMSE decreased LPO and increased CAT, SOD and GST activity. Conclusion: CPMSE has hypoglycaemic, hypolipidaemic and antioxidant properties by reducing the oxidative stress. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, Celastrus paniculatus, antioxidant, phytochemicals, phytonutrients, streptozotocin, high-fat diet

Neuroproteomics, an emerging field at the intersection of neuroscience and proteomics, has garnered significant attention in the context of neurotrauma research. Neuroproteomics involves the quantitative and qualitative analysis of nervous system components, essential for understanding the dynamic events involved in the vast areas of neuroscience, including, but not limited to, neuropsychiatric disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, mental illness, traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and other neurodegenerative diseases. With advancements in mass spectrometry coupled with bioinformatics and systems biology, neuroproteomics has led to the development of innovative techniques such as microproteomics, single-cell proteomics, and imaging mass spectrometry, which have significantly impacted neuronal biomarker research. By analyzing the complex protein interactions and alterations that occur in the injured brain, neuroproteomics provides valuable insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying neurotrauma. This review explores how such insights can be harnessed to advance personalized medicine (PM) approaches, tailoring treatments based on individual patient profiles. Additionally, we highlight the potential future prospects of neuroproteomics, such as identifying novel biomarkers and developing targeted therapies by employing artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). By shedding light on neurotrauma’s current state and future directions, this review aims to stimulate further research and collaboration in this promising and transformative field.

A topological index is a numerical representation of a chemical network in chemical graph theory. Similar to their chemical representation, a topological descriptor identifies specific the physical attributes of the underlying chemical compounds. We describe the third type of hex-derived networks rectangular hex-derived network R H D N 3 , chain hex-derived network C H D N 3 , in our work (r). In this paper, modified and efficient formulas based on multiplicative graph invariants will be constructed. Such as ordinary geometric-arithmetic (OGA), general version of harmonic index (GHI), sum connectivity indes (SI), general sum connectivity index (GSI), first and second Gourava and hyper- Gourava indices, Shegehalli and Kanabur indices, first generalised version of Zagreb index (GZI) and forgotten index (FI) for the subdivided hex -derived R H D N 3 (r) , C H D N 3 (r) networks. In order to develop some new formulas we the compute the multiplicative topological properties. This study found several types of edges for computing and also discussed the order and size.To properly appreciate the chemical compounds, physical and biological characteristics we can combine the study of the networks described above with the chemical compounds and their graphical structures. These observations have the potential to evaluate bio and physiological activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phylogenetic analysis of ITS and LSU sequence data and morphological characters support the recognition of Tricholyophyllum rubrum as a new species. The new species differs from the type species of the genus by its reddish brown pileus surface, the presence of pleurocystidia, and comparatively broader basidiospores. This is the first report of a Tricholyophyllum species from Pakistan and the second in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to spread globally, it became evident that the SARS-CoV-2 virus infects multiple organs including the brain. Several clinical studies revealed that patients with COVID-19 infection experience an array of neurological signs ranging in severity from headaches to life-threatening strokes. Although the exact mechanism by which the SARS-CoV-2 virus directly impacts the brain is not fully understood, several theories have been suggested including direct and indirect pathways induced by the virus. One possible theory is the invasion of SARS-CoV-2 to the brain occurs either through the bloodstream or via the nerve endings which is considered to be the direct route. Such findings are based on studies reporting the presence of viral material in the cerebrospinal fluid and brain cells. Nevertheless, the indirect mechanisms, including blood-clotting abnormalities and prolonged activation of the immune system, can result in further tissue and organ damages seen during the course of the disease. This overview attempts to give a thorough insight into SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus neurological infection and highlights the possible mechanisms leading to the neurological manifestations observed in infected patients.

Summary: Background: Glycans play essential functional roles in the nervous system and their pathobiological relevance has become increasingly recognized in numerous brain disorders, but not fully explored in traumatic brain injury (TBI). We investigated longitudinal glycome patterns in patients with moderate to severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score ≤12) to characterize glyco-biomarker signatures and their relation to clinical features and long-term outcome. Methods: This prospective single-center observational study included 51 adult patients with TBI (GCS ≤12) admitted to the neurosurgical unit of the University Hospital of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary, between June 2018 and April 2019. We used a high-throughput liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry platform to assess serum levels of N-glycans up to 3 days after injury. Outcome was assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOS-E) at 12 months post-injury. Multivariate statistical techniques, including principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, were used to analyze glycomics data and define highly influential structures driving class distinction. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were used to determine prognostic accuracy. Findings: We identified 94 N-glycans encompassing all typical structural types, including oligomannose, hybrid, and complex-type entities. Levels of high mannose, hybrid and sialylated structures were temporally altered (p

Using desi-cow waste products like Jeevamrit under natural farming is widespread among farmers for improving soil biology and productivity. Jeevamrit enhances soil chemical and microbiological properties without needing a large quantity of farmyard manure (FYM) as a sustainable farming practice with a reduced carbon footprint. Despite its traditional use, Jeevamrit faces criticism due to a lack of scientific evidence. This study investigated the comparative effect of Jeevamrit and chemical fertilizers on the growth and yield of marigold cv. Siracole. The experiment employed a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The mother block of marigolds was raised for both the summer and winter seasons. From this mother block, three harvesting flushes were taken and propagated from cuttings. The rooted cuttings were planted at monthly intervals and evaluated for flowering parameters and compared to those treated with RDF (30:20:20 N, P, and K g/m2). Soil supplied with Jeevamrit showed enhanced bacteria (26.33%), fungi (18.92%), and actinomycetes (31.21%) populations compared to the recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) (i.e., N–P–K @ 30:20:20 g m−2). Jeevamrit-treated plants have a more marketable flower yield per square meter (3.98%) and a longer shelf life (9.93%) compared to RDF. The study concludes that Jeevamrit @ 2 liters m−2 is a sustainable and effective alternative to traditional fertilizers for enhancing marigold production in the mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh, where natural farming is already accepted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rheumatic diseases are common progressive diseases that associated with chronic pain. Most patients seek to reduce the pain of these diseases by using dietary supplements (DS). Yet, most DS have limited benefits to reduce pain and/or disease progression. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the perceptions of community pharmacists about the efficacy, safety, and quality of the DS for treatment of rheumatic diseases (DSTRD) in the Iraqi pharmaceutical market. A qualitative study was conducted during February-2023 through face-to-face interview with community pharmacists with ≥6 months of working experience. The interviews were guided through semi-structured open-ended questions. The interviews were recorded using iPhone-11. A hybrid framework-model was used to analyze the data. Interviews were performed with 20 pharmacists. Only 30% of pharmacists considered DSTRD to be effective, whereas 75% of them perceived DSTRD to be safe. One-quarter of the participants considered the quality of DSTRD to be good. All interviewed pharmacists reported that prescribing DSTRD become a common practice. Eleven participants reported that deals with pharmaceutical companies are the main trigger for prescribing DSTRD. Three-quarter of participating pharmacists mentioned that they educate their patient about the dispensed DSTRD. However, only 10% of them educate patients about the possible side effects and interactions of DSTRD. In conclusion, most of the participating pharmacists have doubts about the efficacy, safety, and quality of DSTRD in the Iraqi market. The prescribing of such products by physicians is common and usually triggered by deals with pharmaceutical companies. Pharmacist-education to the patient on these supplements is poor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field study was conducted to investigate and compare the performance of organic living mulches (legumes cover cropping) with conventional weed control practices in maize crop. The experiment was carried at the New Developmental Farm, the University of Agriculture, Peshawar during Rabi season 2021, using Randomized complete block (RCB) design with ten treatments, replicated three times. Data was recorded on days to 50 % tasseling, silking, and maturity, plant height, fresh weed biomass, dry weed biomass, weed species composition, biological yield, thousand grain weight, grain yield, harvest index and cost benefit ratio. The results showed that both the herbicides (Atrazine and Stomp 300 EC) were effective in weed control having lowest fresh weed biomass of 29.31 and 32.65 kg ha-1, respectively. Maximum biological yield (8309.7 kg ha-1) was recorded in cowpea as living mulch while minimum biological yield (5909 kg ha-1) was recorded in control treatment. Similarly, maximum grain yield (2883.3 kg ha-1) was recorded in mung-bean as living mulch and minimum grain yield (2364.7 kg ha-1) was recorded in cucumber used as living mulch. Similarly maximum days to maturity (129.67) was noted in water melon, followed by cowpea as living mulch took (117.67). Maximum number of grains were recorded in cowpea (270.33), while minimum number of grains were recorded in control. Cost benefit ratio revealed that hand weeded treatment excelled among all the other applied treatments with a ratio of (1: 5.44) followed by water melon mulch having ratio of (1: 5.04) and Stomp 330 EC (1: 3.74). It is concluded that herbicides followed by living mulches of cowpea and mungbean significantly improved growth and yield attributes of maize crop. Whereas, the cost-benefit analyses revealed that hand weeding and watermelon mulch were the most economical. However, for sustainable maize cultivation integration of hand-weeding and legume mulches is the best choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical graph theory is a branch of graph theory in which a chemical compound is presented with a simple graph called a molecular graph. There are atomic bonds in the chemistry of the chemical atomic graph and edges. The graph is connected when there is at least one connection between its vertices. The number that describes the topology of the graph is called the topological index. Cheminformatics is a new subject which is a combination of chemistry, mathematics and information science. It studies quantitative structure-activity (QSAR) and structure-property (QSPR) relationships that are used to predict the biological activities and properties of chemical compounds. We evaluated the second multiplicative Zagreb index, first and second universal Zagreb indices, first and second hyper Zagreb indices, sum and product connectivity indices for the planar octahedron network, triangular prism network, hex planar octahedron network, and give these indices closed analytical formulas.

Pregnancy recognition in ruminant affects numerous genes regulation. Interferon-stimulatory gene (ISG15), an ubiquitin-like protein that mediates theconjugation of different proteins through its ISGylation enzymes UBE1L and UBCH8, is also differentially expressed during early pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of ISG-15 in the establishment of pregnancy and conceptus elongation during early post conception periods and to ascertain the presence of ISGylation enzymes UBE1L and UBCH8. Therefore, sheep were synchronized through cloprostenol sodium and gonadotrophin releasing hormone-1 and serviced by rams. The blood was collected on the post-mating days 6, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 21, 23 and 25. The ISG-15, UBE1L and UBCH8 primers were used to amplify the corresponding transcriptomic region using PCR. Recovery rate of each transcriptomic fragment was compared with the housekeeping gene GAPDH. ISG-15 expression was higher on day 12, contrary to UBE1L were higher on day 6 and UBCH8 on day 21. Furthermore, the ISG-15 is ubiquitin-like protein, mediates UBE1L and UBCH8 enzymes to guard the conceptus against viral pathogenicity during early pregnancy.