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A field experiment was conducted during the 2018-2019 season in one of the private fields in Karma City, Anbar Governorate, Iraq to study the effects of organic fertilizer levels (0, 5 and 10 tons ha-1) and spraying with amino acid arginine at concentrations of 0, 100, 200 mg L-1 on growth and also yield characteristics in addition to some medicinally-active compounds in watercress seeds, Eruca sativa Mill. The study factors were arranged as splitplot experiment according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replications. According to the results, the fertilizer level at 10 tons ha-1 exhibited a significant elevation in the characteristics of growth, yield, oil rate (%), and seed contents of glucosinolate glycoside and Astragalin alkaloid, whereas spraying arginine at 200 mg L-1 showed significant differences in the characteristics of yield, oil rate (%), and seed content of glucocinolate glycoside and Astragalin alkaloid. In addition, the interaction of the studied characteristics displayed a significant effect. So that, the plants given 10 tons ha-1 of organic fertilizer under the influence of spraying with 200 mg L-1 arginine, revealed the highest rate of 1000-seed weight, oil rate (%), in addition to the seed content of glucocinolate glycoside and Astragalin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment was conducted during spring season of 2016 in Al- Zidan district,Abu-Graib,Baghdad to study the effect of spraying three concentrations of dry yeast (0,5 and 10 g.L-1) and three concentrations of licorice (0, 5 and 10 g.L-1) on the growth and yield of the local cultivar of mung bean (Vigna radiate). A factorial experiment was done according to R.B.C.D with three replicates. The first factor was the concentrations of the dry yeast and the second was the three concentrations of licorice extract. The results show High concentrations of yeast and licorice extracts were superior for most studied traits, since 10 g.L-1 of yeast extract achieved the highest mean of plant height, number of branches, pod length, number of pods (32.2 pods plant-1) number of seeds perpod (9.4 seeds pod-1) and seed yield (1078,9 kg ha-1) the highest concentration of licorice extract achieved highest number of branches, leaf area, pod length, number of pods (30.7 pods plant-1), number of seeds perpod (8.7 seeds pod-1) and seed yield (1076,7 kg ha-1). Interaction between yeast and licorice extracts concentrations significantly affected most studied traits. Plants sprayed with the highest concentrations of yeast and licorice showed the highest mean of leaf area, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, pod length and seed yield for unit area while plants of control recorded lowest means of aforementioned traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harvest stage and moisture content are most important factors that affect the quality of seeds. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of different moisture content on vigor and viability with different harvest stages relate to lipid peroxidation as determined by MDA and antioxidant enzymes activities. This experiment was conducted at Collage of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia. The experiment was factorial and arranged in a complete randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. Harvest stages were R6 as a full seed stage, R7 as a physiological maturity stage, and R8 as a fully maturity stage.Moisture contentwere MC1 (12%), MC2 (6%), MC3 (5%) and MC4 (4%). The study revealed thatseed harvested at R7 stage gave the highest seed viability, vigor, SOD activity and CAT activity. Seed harvested at R8 stage was less seed vigor and high MDA content. The optimal moisture content was MC4 (4%) due to record high seed vigor, SOD activity and CAT activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maturity stage is one of the most essential factors that affect the quality of seeds. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the different maturity stage (R6, R7 and R8) on the seed quality in three varieties of soybeans which are AGS190, Cikurai and Willis. By understanding the appropriate stage of maturity. This study wasconducted at Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia with the combination of two factors (2- factorial experiment), which are varieties (AGS190, Cikurai and Willis) in three maturity stages such as R6 (Full seed stage), R7 (physiological maturity period) and R8 (Fully maturity stage) and arranged in a complete randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. The result of this study showedmoisture content and EC is highest in R6 followed by R7 and R8. Consequently, germination performance and early seedling growth found lower in R6 stage.R7 is the ideal harvesting stages for all three varieties of soybean. Cikurai gives the highest germination percentage at both R7 and R8, while Wills gives the maximum germination rate index and seedling vigor index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anise (Pimpinella anisum L) is one of the most popular medicinal plants that are used by 80% of the world population due to its therapeutic effects. Anise has many therapeutic benefits because it contains Anthole and other compounds. Thus, the importance of this study is to determine the effect of organic fertilization and foliar application of boron on the growth, yield, and quantity of the active ingredient of anise. This study was conducted during the winter season of 2014 in one of the private fields in the region of Yusufiya, Baghdad province to investigate the effect of organic fertilizer (0, 2.5 and 5ton ha-1) and foliar application of boron (0, 0.75 and 1.50kg ha-1) and their interaction. The result of this study showed increasing in the height and branching of the plant with the increase of organic fertilizer. Organic manure (5ton ha-1) showed the highest production of inflorescence number, fruit- setting and total seed per plant. A similar result has been demonstrated by boron foliar application (150kg ha-1). Organic fertilizer treatment (5ton ha-1) was given highest oil content of seed and degree of refraction while the boron (150kg ha-1) given highest oil content but the refraction was not significant with comparing with the control (0 kg ha-1). HPLC result demonstrated around 20-25 volatile oils. Anethole compound was the highest concentration with Organic manure (5ton ha-1) + boron foliar (150kg ha-1) treatment in comparison with other treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents several letters written to the "British Journal of Medicine' regarding articles published in previous issues. The ethical responsibility of television program creators; Media's role in behavior; Low dosages of tricyclic antidepressants used for depression.