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This study assessed the boundary layer flow of micropolar fluid induced by the Riga plate. The significance of the flow is conducted from a rotating frame of perspective to produce consistency for enhanced thermodynamics across the Riga plate for fluid flow. The Riga plate is a familiar operator consisting of stably deployed magnetic and electrostatic elements that produce Lorentz force in an alternative way that substantially reduces with distance from the Riga plate. The unsteady, partially differentiated, three-dimensional expressions are reduced to two impartial dimensions (τ , η). For steady-state responses, (τ = 1) , Glerikin quantization is performed with MATLAB software for finite element simulation. For the resulting set of transformed equations, approximative series remedies are attained as convergent. The fluid temperature increased as a result of the rotational parameter, the Hartmann number, and the unstable parameter. The modifications to the Hartmann number (M h) and the material parameter (Λ) decelerate the primary flow velocity in the boundary layer region, while the secondary flow velocity accelerates. The greater modified Hartmann number (M h) and material parameters have a decreasing impact on the skin friction in the primary direction and an increasing impact on the magnitude of the coefficient in the secondary direction. An excellent agreement between the ongoing and previously existing results establishes the validity of the current findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractRecent advances in simulating entropy generation for dissipative cross-materials with a quartic auto catalyst are reported. Entropy generation can be used to generate entropy in any irreversible heat transfer process, which is important in thermal machines. This study examines the impact of entropy generation on the thermal transport and momentum of a continuous two-dimensional dusty fluid magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) migration across an inclined stretched sheet. We also conducted an entropy generation study to discuss the effects of viscous dissipation, the volume proportion of dust particles, and mixed convection. The two-phase models that address the fluid phase and the solid phase have been discussed. As part of the flow model’s innovation, the effect of raising particulate matter concentration on the dynamic behavior of the fluid is investigated. The described model transforms the prevailing partial differential equations (PDEs) for two phases into a nonlinearly associated, nondimensional set of equations by implementing appropriate similarity alterations. For graphical results, MATLAB programming incorporates the bvp4c mechanism. This study indicates how to examine the impact of appropriate factors on the dusty phase of fluid and the non-Newtonian fluid phase. Both the entropy generation (Egen) and the Bejan quantity (Be) are presented in relation to their associated dimensionless factors. Parametric research is used to evaluate the impact of different flow parameters on temperatures, entropy generation, and Bejan numbers. The heat transfer rate using several quadratic regression models, which provide more clarity in determining physical parameters crucial to engineering, is assessed. It is observed that the entropy (Egen) and Bejan number (Be) declines with the rising mass concentration (βν) of dusty particles. Also demonstrated that for both cases, increasing the magnetic influence and dust volume fraction (ΦD) resulted in a decrease in velocity profiles at the same time as temperature increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the implementation of the generalized magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) bioconvective aspects of the Walter’s-B fluid flows over a convectively heated stretched sheet in the presence of activation energy and numerous boundary conditions, the non-homogeneous nanofluid flow model is used. Here, the nonlinear differential equations illustrating the current nanofluid flow model of non-Newtonian fluid explicitly include the concentration of both motile microbes and solid nanoparticles. Furthermore, the associated temperature, impact of thermal radiation and the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model are discussed. The similarity transformations are formally displayed to transfer the consequential reduction in the mathematical complexity of the existing physical situation by converting partial differential equations (PDEs) into a nonlinear associated framework of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Furthermore, the homotopy analysis method (HAM) through the MATLAB tool is used to numerically solve the dimensionless similarity equations. The results are extremely well demonstrated. In this manner, the significant engineering procedures are more accurately and entirely estimated before being reported. The results of the fixed physical factors of velocity, temperature, concentration, and microbe concentration profiles are effectively demonstrated through multiple types of illustrations and comprehensive explanations. The principal assumption is that the greater significance of the bioconvection Lewis and Peclet numbers can lead to a drop in the microbe concentration profile. It is observed that the concentration profile is reduced with the greater value of the concentration relaxation parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quantized momentum eigenstates of neutral atoms offer high resistance to decoherence and thus suggests a viable alternative for quantum informatics tasks including teleportation. In this work, a scheme is suggested to teleport an unknown superposition of two distinct external momentum states of a neutral atom onto the similar momentum states of a distant atom at the receiving end through the off‐resonant atomic Bragg diffraction (ABD). In order to teleport this unknown state from the sender, that is, Alice, to the receiver, that is, Bob, a pre‐existing entangled link formed through a high‐Q cavity at Alice's end and momentum states of a neutral atom at the Bob's end are utilized. Further, while citing the realistic experimental parameters, it is demonstrated that the proposal can easily be implemented experimentally under the prevailing cavity‐QED atom‐field research scenario. The proposal is also generalized to cover the teleportation of the multipartite entangled momenta states and the case of multipartite GHZ entangled states is elucidated in details. However, the procedure is generic and can be extended to cover the teleportation schematics for any arbitrary atomic momenta states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the problem of steady two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) migration of dusty fluid across a stretching sheet with the inclusion of Darcy–Forchheimer porosity and Brownian dispersion. The most significant aspect of the ongoing problem is elaborating the entire context with dusty and fluid phases. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are transmuted into non-dimensional ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by implementing similarity transformations. The MATLAB script has used the bvp4c strategy to accumulate a visualization of the computational observations. Also, this study illustrates an assessment of the effects of significant parameters on non-Newtonian fluids and fluids with a dusty phase. It is observed that the thermal boundary layer is enhanced with the increasing strength of the mass concentration of dusty granules ( Γ ν ) and Eckert number (Ec) for both scenarios, while in the case of fluid interaction temperature parameter ( β t ) the scenario is opposite for dusty and fluid phases. Moreover, the heat transfer rate intensifies with the increasing effect of thermal radiation, and magnetic field. The significant variations in the various physical quantities are represented through tabular and graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This focused study investigates the peristaltic motion of a micropolar fluid within an uneven channel filled with a porous medium, incorporating an orthogonal magnetic field to the flow. This research diverges from the traditional assumptions of lubrication theory. The governing equations, encompassing the physical characteristics of micropolar fluid peristalsis, are transformed into nonlinear coupled partial differential equations. These equations are solved using the finite element method, considering inertial effects, such as non-zero wave and Reynolds numbers. This study delves into the influence of various crucial parameters on axial velocity, pressure gradient, microrotation, and stream function, presenting graphical representations. Notably, the incremental phase shift causes an intermingling of upper and lower streamlines within both halves of the channel. As the Reynolds number increases, there is an observed reduction in bolus size, particularly at maximum phase shifts, with a tendency to move toward the central region. An increase in Hartmann number leads the bolus formation to vanish in both channels, reduces microrotation, and leads to increased pressure. Vorticity lines intensify and incline toward the peristaltic walls. An increase in the permeability parameter amplifies velocity, microrotation, volume, and bolus formation regardless of phase differences while countering pressure elevation per wavelength. Reduced concavity is observed as vorticity lines disperse across the entire area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In previous studies, replicated and multiple types of speech data have been used for Parkinson's disease (PD) detection. However, two main problems in these studies are lower PD detection accuracy and inappropriate validation methodologies leading to unreliable results. This study discusses the effects of inappropriate validation methodologies used in previous studies and highlights the use of appropriate alternative validation methods that would ensure generalization. To enhance PD detection accuracy, we propose a two-stage diagnostic system that refines the extracted set of features through L 1 regularized linear support vector machine and classifies the refined subset of features through a deep neural network. To rigorously evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed diagnostic system, experiments are performed on two different voice recording-based benchmark datasets. For both datasets, the proposed diagnostic system achieves 100% accuracy under leave-one-subject-out (LOSO) cross-validation (CV) and 97.5% accuracy under k-fold CV. The results show that the proposed system outperforms the existing methods regarding PD detection accuracy. The results suggest that the proposed diagnostic system is essential to improving non-invasive diagnostic decision support in PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is proposed for the numerical simulation of the peristaltic mechanism using the finite element method with the Galerkin residual technique to explore peristaltic transportation under the action of an externally applied magnetic field passing through an inclined asymmetric channel saturated with porous media. The Navier-stokes equations are solved for the peristaltic mechanism non-linearly by the exemption of lubrication theory to study the inertial effects. The numerical simulations and results are obtained by applying the finite element method based on quadratic triangular elements. It is observed that pressure rise per wavelength is enhanced by increasing the angle of inclination 0.8 ≤ Q ≤ 1.4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the Paleocene coal in the Tirah area, District Khyber, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, utilizing onsite Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) experiments combined with geochemical analyses of obtained coal-rock samples. ERT and GPR profiles, along with geochemical data, were collected and meticulously analyzed to assess the potential and quality of coal seams based on coal ranking, aiming to delineate their spatial distribution and future exploitation prospects. The study reveals a wide range of resistivity values, spanning from 8.93 Ωm to 2472 Ωm. The uppermost layer, comprising silt and clay with water saturation, exhibits resistivity values ranging from 8.93 Ωm to 50 Ωm. The subsequent stratum, characterized by wet sandstone with minor shale and clay, has resistivity values between 50 Ωm and 95.3 Ωm. Significantly, the zone with resistivity values between 95.3 Ωm and 800 Ωm is identified as the probable host of the coal seams. Based on the results, the coal seams are estimated to exist at depths ranging from 14 to 23 m, with resistivity values between 95.3 Ωm and 800 Ωm. GPR results further corroborate these findings, revealing coal-bearing strata at various depths, thus confirming the ERT results. Additionally, proximate and ultimate analysis provided insights into the quality of the coal, with average concentration values of moisture content (6.95%), ash content (22.12%), volatile matter (28.55%), fixed carbon (42.40%), carbon content (55.35%), hydrogen (4.7%), nitrogen (0.95%), sulfur (4.82%), and oxygen (10.06%). Comparative analyses of the obtained results with local coals from the Salt Range in Punjab, Pakistan, and coal from Ogboyaga, Nigeria, confirm that the studied coal ranks as sub-bituminous. This comprehensive assessment offers valuable insights into the potential and quality of Paleocene coal in the studied region and is applicable to other areas with similar geological settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electricity market has increasingly played a significant role in ensuring the smooth operation of the power grid. The latest incarnation of the electricity market follows a bottom-up paradigm, rather than a top-down one, and aims to provide flexibility services to the power grid. The blockchain-based local energy market (LEM) is one such bottom-up market paradigm. It essentially enables consumers and prosumers (those who can generate power locally) within a defined power network topology to trade renewable energy amongst each other in a peer-to-peer (P2P) fashion using blockchain technology. This paper presents the development of such a P2P trading-facilitated LEM and the analysis of the proposed blockchain-based LEM by means of a case study using actual German residential customer data. The performance of the proposed LEM is also compared with that of BAU, in which power is traded via time-of-use (ToU) and feed-in-tariff (FiT) rates. The comparative results demonstrate: (1) the participants' bill savings; (2) mitigation of the power grid's export and import; (3) no/minimal variations in the margins of energy suppliers and system operators; and (4) cost comparison of Ethereum versus Polygon blockchain, thus emphasising the domineering performance of the developed P2P trading-based LEM mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological disease that has been reported to have affected most people worldwide. Recent research pointed out that about 90% of PD patients possess voice disorders. Motivated by this fact, many researchers proposed methods based on multiple types of speech data for PD prediction. However, these methods either face the problem of low rate of accuracy or lack generalization. To develop an approach that will be free of these issues, in this paper we propose a novel ensemble approach. These paper contributions are two folds. First, investigating feature selection integration with deep neural network (DNN) and validating its effectiveness by comparing its performance with conventional DNN and other similar integrated systems. Second, development of a novel ensemble model namely EOFSC (Ensemble model with Optimal Features and Sample Dependant Base Classifiers) that exploits the findings of recently published studies. Recent research pointed out that for different types of voice data, different optimal models are obtained which are sensitive to different types of samples and subsets of features. In this paper, we further consolidate the findings by utilizing the proposed integrated system and propose the development of EOFSC. For multiple types of vowel phonations, multiple base classifiers are obtained which are sensitive to different subsets of features. These features and sample-dependent base classifiers are integrated, and the proposed EOFSC model is constructed. To evaluate the final prediction of the EOFSC model, the majority voting methodology is adopted. Experimental results point out that feature selection integration with neural networks improves the performance of conventional neural networks. Additionally, feature selection integration with DNN outperforms feature selection integration with conventional machine learning models. Finally, the newly developed ensemble model is observed to improve PD detection accuracy by 6.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new analytical innovation is utilized to explore the thin liquid film flow of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) fluid over an unsteady porous stretching surface. Here magnetic field, thermal radiation, and variable viscosity are taken. The self‐similarity variables have been used to transform the modeled partial differential equations into a set of non‐linear coupled differential equations. These non‐linear differential equations for the velocity and temperature profiles have been tackled through an innovation containing homotopy, auxiliary functions, and convergence control parameters. This method is called the second configuration of the Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method and is denoted by (OHAM‐2). Galerkin's process is chosen for the optimizations of parameters. The achieved coupled equations are also solved numerically (ND‐Solve Method), and the obtained outcomes are compared with the results elaborated by the suggested algorithm. Here the utmost attention is on the rapid convergence of the proposed algorithm and the consequences of various tangible variables on the velocity and temperature profiles. This straightforward algorithm consists of a few steps but gives better outcomes. The technique can be applied to solve partial differential equations and their systems forming in various disciplines. This technique can also solve Integro differential equations. The residuals achieved by the proposed method for the velocity and temperature fields are shown graphically. The errors and residuals are also taught in Table 1 and Table 2. The effects of parameters are inculcated in Table 3 and Table 4. The results are validated with the published work as shown in Table 5. Nomenclature is indicated in the text below. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proposed study demonstrates the flow phenomenon and thermo-variation of a magnetized stretching sheet induced-radiative nanofluid flow. By incorporating the response surface methodology, the heat transfer rate of the thermally convective flow of nanofluid is optimized. The graphene nanomaterial is used in the water-based nanofluid. A dynamic magnetic field, thermal radiation, and the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model have used to represent the thermal behavior of the nanofluid. The simulation utilizes experimentally estimated values for the nanomaterial's thermal conductivity and viscosity. To further reveal the thermal enhancement of the flow, the impact of nanoparticle diameter and the solid-liquid interfacial layer is proposed at the molecular level. The response surface methodology and the sensitivity analysis has used to examine the effects of the nanoparticle volume fraction, Biot number, and magnetic parameter on the rate of heat transfer statistically. A set of equations is formed from the governing partial differential equations by implementing suitable similarity transformations. The bvp4c approach is used to solve the problem numerically. The effect of various parameters has displayed through tables, graphs, and surface plots on heat transfer, mass transfer, and the local Nusselt number. It is discovered that as the Biot number increases, so does the concentration and temperature profile. An excellent accord between the present and previously existing solutions is establishing the validity of the achieved results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past few years, many technical strategies, such as molding, condenser heat exchanger, liquefied metal filtration, fusion control and nuclear reactor coolant, that involve hydromagnetic fluxes and thermal intensification in porous media have been observed. This study investigates the Carreau nanofluid of nanobiofilm through stretching/shrinking sheet with a stagnant point flow, nanoparticles and convecting microbes. The orthogonal (9 0 ∘ impinge) coating stagnant point circulation of a medium is considered, although the sheet may be stretched/shrinked as the procedure utilized in industry. The variations in the fluid (dynamic viscosity, thermal conductivity, mass permeability) and microbes are utilized. The similarity transformation factors are used to transform the system of partial differential equations into a nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations. To find the solution of a system of equations, the Runge–Kutta method with shooting technique has been used. The flow rate, temperature and concentration, as well as the heat transfer rate, and the physical quantities have been discussed. The nanoparticle volume fraction increases with the increasing effect of activating energy as well as thermophoresis parameter, but it decreases with the enhancing effect of Lewis number (Le) and Brownian motion parameter (Nb). The graphs and tables display the illustration of the influence of different parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intensification of municipal-solid-waste (MSW) production, energy usage, and the curb of the landfill have developed the need for our society to use MSW under the vision of a waste-to-energy (WTE) approach to eradicating MSW as well as to address the energy issues across the world. The WTE alteration is an environment-friendly way of disposing of MSW. This study examines the usage of plastic, wood, and paper for refuse-derived fuel (RDF) production. The RDF is solitary of MSW energy yields, whose dependability and superiority are analysed in the current work. Two different RDF have been obtained from diverse waste streams at the plant site to find the finest RDF based on energy efficiency. Plastics, wood, and paper are the principal constituents in the method of occupied RDF. The results exhibited that the RDF-PA holds a high amount of carbon as-well-as hydrogen content and a decent calorific value, which leads to better fuel quality. The retention time under combustion and pyrolysis, the volatile matter portion of RDF, has increased accordingly. As per obtained results, RDF-PA is a good option for energy applications and fuel for combustion and pyrolysis reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using sun-mediated aqueous extract of the stem, flower and leaf of the plant Thymus linearis. The effect of sunlight on extract absorbance is measured using UV–Vis spectroscopy. The resultant nanoparticle F-Ag–NPs, L-Ag–NPs, S-Ag–NPs were characterized using modern techniques including UV–Vis spectroscopy, ATR-FTIR, Zeta potential, Zeta size analyzer, XRD and SEM. The reaction takes place in presence of sunlight and the color changes from light yellow to red finally, dark brown was observed indicating the completion of the reaction. In the case of Flower extract, F-Ag–NPs produced maximum absorbance at a higher concentration of AgN O 3 with lambda max 403, and 405 nm at 5 mM and 10 mM respectively. In the case of stem and leaves extract, maximum absorbance was seen at a low concentration of AgN O 3 with lambda max range from 391 nm to 402 nm and 409–425 nm respectively. The ATR-FTIR spectrum confirms the presence of capping agents which are complemented by a negative zeta potential value. The Zeta sizer revealed the diameter (d-nm) of F-Ag–NPs, L-Ag–NPs, S-Ag–NPs, 73.26, 59.26 and 51.32 respectively. The Ag–NPs also showed anti-bacterial, DDPH, and ABTS activity. The aqueous extract of Thymus linearis (flower, leaves, and stem) was prepared using sunlight. The resultant extract was used as capping, reducing, and stabilizing agent to prepare silver nanoparticles. The Ag–NPs were characterized by using modern characterizing techniques including UV–Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, zeta-potential, zeta-seizer, SEM, and XRD. The biological studies of Ag–NPs were also performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an investigation into Williamson nanofluid stagnation point flow of nano-biofilm over a stretching/ shrinking sheet with chemical reaction is performed. Moreover, the impact of cylindrical-shaped nanoparticles, activation energy, and bioconvection has been considered. The fluid's fluctuating transport properties (dynamic viscosity, heat conductivity, nanoparticle mass diffusivity) and microorganism diffusivity are evaluated. The nonlinear systems of partial differential equations are transformed into nonlinear differential equations via the implementation of similarity transformations. The shooting approach and RK-4 technique are used for this investigation. The impacts of various fluid transport characteristics and various factors on patterns of velocity, temperature, the concentration of nanoparticles, and motile density are described. The Brownian motion, heat source and thermophoresis parameters all lead to a more consistent temperature profile being observed. It is seen that concentration-dependent properties decrease the velocity profile while the temperature, concentration, and motile density profiles increase. Also, the physical quantities decrease with the rising values of concentration-dependent properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In two independent local transmitting channels, we investigate the dynamics of entropy disorder, purity, and entanglement negativity in a two-qubit system with mixed static (STC) and Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) noise. Because the OU and STC noises induce Markovianity and non-Markovianity in two classical channels, respectively, it is initially assumed that the two-qubit system is built in a Werner state form. Furthermore, the effect of noise, channel, and state parameters on entropy disorder, purity, and negativity in a two-qubit system has been thoroughly investigated. The dephasing effects of the mixed STC–OU noise differ significantly from the individual STC and OU noises. When influenced by the mixed STC–OU noise, the system preserves entanglement and purity by avoiding entropy over a longer time period. We find that the system can preserve quantum correlations for a longer period of time when weakly coupled to the classical field while setting the noise parameters to their least potential values. In comparison, the negativity measure has been found more effective in encountering smaller variations in entanglement. Entanglement sudden death and birth is witnessed to be regulated by the STC noise parameter and associated coupling strength of the classical field. In addition, a non-Markovian dynamical map of the system is obtained which contradicts the previous results under pure OU noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the impact of activation energy and transiting parameters on the two-dimensional stagnation point flow of magnetized Sutterby nanofluid of nano-biofilm incorporating with microorganisms over the porous surface has been examined. Prior research suggests that both the fluid viscosity and thermal conductance are temperature-dependent. Also, the effects of solutal concentration on fluid viscosity, heat capacity and nanofluid properties have been elaborated. In recent years, numerous technical strategies comprising hydromagnetic fluxes and thermal intensification in porosity media, like molding, condenser heat exchanger, liquefied metal filtration, fusion control and nuclear reactor coolant, have been addressed. According to numerous empirical studies, the viscosity and thermal conductivity of the nanoparticles are largely dependent on the intensity of nanoparticles rather than the temperature. The classical RK-4 method with shooting technique has been used. The significance of involving parameters in the domains of heat, velocity, density and concentration has been illustrated. The effect of nondimensional parameters on the skin friction factor, Nusselt number and Sherwood number has been discussed. The nanoparticle density increases with the activating energy effects and thermophoresis factor and rapidly decreases for Lewis number and Brownian factor. The velocity, temperature and concentration profiles increase as the concentration-dependent properties do, but all physical quantities deteriorate for all concentration-varying factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the relevance of Lorentz and Coriolis forces on the kinetics of gyratory Maxwell nanofluids flowing against a continually stretched surface is discussed. Gyrotactic microbes are incorporated to prevent the bioconvection of small particles and to improve consistency. The nanoparticles are considered due to their valuable properties and ability to enhance thermal dissipation, which is important in heating systems, advanced technology, microelectronics, and other areas. The main objective of the analysis is to enhance the rate of heat transfer. An adequate similarity transformation is used to convert the primary partial differential equations into non-linear dimensionless ordinary differential equations. The resulting system of equations is solved using the finite element method (FEM). The increasing effects of the Lorentz and Coriolis forces induce the velocities to moderate, whereas the concentration and temperature profiles exhibit the contrary tendency. It is observed that the size and thickness of the fluid layers in the axial position increase as the time factor increases, while the viscidity of the momentum fluid layers in the transverse path decreases as the time factor decreases. The intensity, temperature, and velocity variances for the suction scenario are more prominent than those for the injection scenario, but there is an opposite pattern for the physical quantities. The research findings are of value in areas such as elastomers, mineral productivity, paper-making, biosensors, and biofuels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this investigation is to reveal the effects of nanoparticle aggregation aligned to thermal radiation with the prescribed heat flux. The Cattaneo–Christov heat flux (non-Fourier) and mass flux (non-Fick's) approaches in the optimized Buongiorno's model have been used to analyze the nanofluid magneto-transport mechanisms over the surface impacted by the gyrotactic behavior of microbe dispersion. The partial differentials are transformed into the set of nonlinear differential equations through boundary layer estimations and similarity substitutions, then computed by applying a variational finite element strategy. Researchers are looking into tiny nanoparticles because they have amazing properties, such as excellent thermal conduction, which are needed in advanced nanotechnology, heat exchangers, materials engineering, and technologies. The significance of this extensive study is to enhance the heat transition. Various aspects of the aggregation parameters on nanofluid velocity and temperature patterns are investigated and visually illustrated concerning the involved physical parameters. The effect of nanoparticle aggregation on the boundary is descending by the including parameters causes an increment in heat transfer rate. A significant correlation has been observed between the sets of results, which represents the accuracy of the finite element method used herein. The computations have been done by reducing the size of the mesh so that the numerical analysis can be used to ascertain convergence in the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Increasing NaCl salinity linearly decreased the plant growth. • NaCl salinity markedly decreased the chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis. • Increasing salinity levels enhanced Na+and Cl- concentrations in broccoli leaves and roots. • Antioxidative activity helped in the adaptation of broccoli to mild NaCl stress. Soil salinity is one of the major concerns that pose serious threats to vegetables and other crops worldwide. The present study was carried out to identify morphological, physiological and biochemical markers that broccoli plant may use as adaptive mechanisms to cope with high NaCl stress. Broccoli plants were grown in a pot culture and exposed to NaCl salinity stress for six weeks. Five levels of NaCl; 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 mmol L −1 were established using saline irrigation water. Increased soil salinity led to the increased Na+ and Cl– accumulation which inhibited Ca+, K +, Mg2+, NO 3 –, total P and PO 4 3– concentrations both in leaves and roots. Moreover, increased NaCl salinity decreased the plant leaf area, shoot length, root length, and shoot and root dry weights, whereas enhanced the antioxidant enzymatic activities like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Leaf chlorophyll in the form of light energy conservation rate (Fv/Fm) and coefficients of photochemical quenching (qP) and (qL) were significantly affected by increasing the salinity levels. Likewise, NaCl salinity negatively affected the linear electron flow (LEF) and the activity of photosystem-II. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQt) in all stress treatments was significantly improved as compared to the control. In general, 60 mmol L −1 NaCl level was considered as a threshold for broccoli cultivation under saline irrigation. In conclusion, salt stress primarily controlled the leaf photosynthetic machinery, stimulated redox homeostasis and enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes, which enabled broccoli plants to tolerate medium level of NaCl stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There is a scarcity of data in Pakistan, describing the extent of metastases in men with hormonesensitive prostate cancer (HSPC). We aimed first to determine the proportion of high-volume/extensive disease among metastatic HSPC patients, presenting to urologists. Secondly, to evaluate the profile of these patients and their adherence to the treatment plan. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study recruited consenting men with metastatic HSPC between October 2016 and September 2018. The high-volume disease was defined by the presence of visceral metastases or four or more bone lesions with at least one beyond the vertebral bodies and pelvis. Adherence to the treatment plan was observed during a period of three and six months. Descriptive statistics were used for the analysis of categorical and continuous variables. Results: The study included 100 patients from five cities in Pakistan. Their mean and standard deviation (SD) of age was 69.2 ± 9.9 years. Performance status 2 was reported in 45% (n=45/100) patients, and Gleason score 8-10 in 69% (n=69/100). High-volume disease was prevalent in 68% (n=68/100) of patients, with bone metastases positive in 91% (n=91/100). Visceral metastases were identified in 26% (n=26/100) of patients with 10% reported in the lungs. At three and six months, physicians reported that 90% (n=85/94) and 91% (n=81/89) of patients adhered to the planned treatment, with hormonal manipulation in 86% (n=81/94) and 88% (n=78/89) respectively. Conclusion: Our first nationwide study in Pakistan demonstrated a high metastatic burden among HSPC patients presenting to a urologist. A multidisciplinary team approach, with the early involvement of oncologists, is imperative for the most appropriate management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, caesarean section (CS) is given preference over vaginal birth and this trend is rapidly rising around the globe, although CS has serious complications such as pregnancy scar, scar dehiscence, and morbidly adherent placenta. Thus, CS should only be performed when it is absolutely necessary for mother and fetus. To avoid unnecessary CS, researchers have developed different machine-learning- (ML-) based clinical decision support systems (CDSS) for CS prediction using electronic health record of the pregnant women. However, previously proposed methods suffer from the problems of poor accuracy and biasedness in ML. To overcome these problems, we have designed a novel CDSS where random oversampling example (ROSE) technique has been used to eliminate the problem of minority classes in the dataset. Furthermore, principal component analysis has been employed for feature extraction from the dataset while, for classification purpose, random forest (RF) model is deployed. We have fine-tuned the hyperparameter of RF using a grid search algorithm for optimal classification performance. Thus, the newly proposed system is named ROSE-PCA-RF and it is trained and tested using an online CS dataset available on the UCI repository. In the first experiment, conventional RF model is trained and tested on the dataset while in the second experiment, the proposed model is tested. The proposed ROSE-PCA-RF model improved the performance of traditional RF by 4.5% with reduced time complexity, while only using two extracted features through the PCA. Moreover, the proposed model has obtained 96.29% accuracy on training data while improving the accuracy of 97.12% on testing data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the implementation of peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading and planning of a grid-connected multi-microgrid system based on an advanced optimization approach. The proposed architecture is comprised of three microgrids (MGs) with combinations of distributed energy resources (DERs), including wind turbines, photovoltaic panels, and storage batteries, to meet the load requirement. A game theory technique, Nash equilibrium, is used to structure the proposed model for multiobjective optimization, where the main objectives are used to determine the correct sizing of DERs and optimum payoff values. Due to the variability of DERs, to maintain lower energy costs, the reliability index (IR) and levelized cost of energy are the benchmarks considered for optimization. The proposed model is analyzed, and rigorous comparison is carried out for both peer-to-grid and P2P energy trading schemes, considering the Australian profiles for wind speed, solar irradiation, and residential load. The simulation model is built in MATLAB software, and the particle swarm optimization algorithm is exploited for the optimization. The results illustrate that P2P energy trading reduces the payoff value of the multiobjective function (MOF) to 36%. The robustness of MOF is validated and analyzed with different combinations of constant coefficients K1 and K2. In the end, the most economical and suitable models with DERs are proposed for each MG, and the results are verified with sensitivity analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The microorganisms and nanoparticles concentration increased along with the melting parameter. • The thermal efficiency increases directly as thermophoresis and thermal relaxation parameters increased. • The enhancement in the magnetic field and β reduces the nanoparticle's concentration. • Sherwood numbers continue to rise against Brown motion parameter and Lewis number. An investigation for fluctuating temperature with Cattaneo–Christov features and self-motive bioconvective microbes immersed in the water based nanofluid has been observing with excision/accretion of the leading edge. A set of partial differential equations is transferring by implementing the similarity measures to an ordinary differential pattern. A finite element technique is employed to establish the numerical results of the set of non-linear system of equations via Matlab programming. The numerical solution's reliability and validity are determined by ascertaining convergence specifications and comparing them to established novel solutions. The formulation of boundary layer configurations for microbes propagation, fluid temperature, the volume fraction of nano-inclusions, and the fluid velocity with varying persuasive parameters have discussed. The main findings of the prevailing assessment are that an increasing trend in the ablation/slash accretion in leading-edge declines in the non-dimensional melting factor of fluid velocity and temperature, while a decreasing trend has seen with the enhancing impact of ablation/slash accretion at the leading edge that represents the flow velocity deceleration. Furthermore, a significant result is that an increase in the non-dimensional melting factor enhances the density of the liquid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The neutral atoms quantized atomic external momenta states are widely used to avoid the decoherence risk and to complete numerous quantum information protocols such as teleportation. Here we suggest a scheme for the teleportation of an unknown superposition of external atomic quantized momenta states of a neutral atom on the internal energy levels of another atom. The scheme is executed through off-resonant and resonant atomic Bragg diffraction (ABD) under cavity QED scenario. The experimental feasibility of the proposal has also been explored using appropriate experimental parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-directional fused-ring electron acceptors (FREAs) feature a fused-ring backbone that extends in multiple directions through bridging and acceptor units. This unique structural design imparts several advantageous properties, like increased light absorption, precise energy level adjustments, improved electron mobility, reduced energy loss, and enhanced efficiency in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. In this study, we designed seven novel multi-directional FREAs and conducted a comprehensive computational analysis using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time-Dependent DFT (TD-DFT). The designed molecules feature a benzotrithienopyrrole central core connected to a π-bridge acceptor, either benzothiadiazole or benzotriazole, and three varying terminal acceptors, including malononitrile, 2-(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)malononitrile, and 2-(3-methyl-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)malononitrile. Our investigation encompassed the evaluation of geometry, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), optical properties, density of states (DOS), charge mobilities, dipole moment, global reactivity descriptors, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), transition density matrix (TDM), and OPV device-related parameters. The results revealed significant potential of the designed molecules as FREAs for OPVs, thus highlighting their suitability for further experimental exploration. [Display omitted] • New multi-directional fused-ring electron acceptors show enhanced organic photovoltaic device properties. • Simplifying the core and incorporating π-bridge and terminal acceptors rivals or surpasses performance of existing designs. • Quantum modeling shows improved conjugation, reduced band gaps, orbitals degeneracy and improved optoelectronic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Staphylococcus aureus poses a serious global threat to human health due to its pathogenic nature, adaptation to environmental stress, high virulence, and the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. The signaling network in S. aureus coordinates and integrates various internal and external inputs and stimuli to adapt and formulate a response to the environment. Two-component systems (TCSs) of S. aureus play a central role in this network where surface-expressed histidine kinases (HKs) receive and relay external signals to their cognate response regulators (RRs). Despite the purported high fidelity of signaling, crosstalk within TCSs, between HK and non-cognate RR, and between TCSs and other systems has been detected widely in bacteria. The examples of crosstalk in S. aureus are very limited, and there needs to be more understanding of its molecular recognition mechanisms, although some crosstalk can be inferred from similar bacterial systems that share structural similarities. Understanding the cellular processes mediated by this crosstalk and how it alters signaling, especially under stress conditions, may help decipher the emergence of antibiotic resistance. This review highlights examples of signaling crosstalk in bacteria in general and S. aureus in particular, as well as the effect of TCS mutations on signaling and crosstalk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the role of C Reactive Protein and other inflammatory markers in cardiovascular risk prediction. Study Design: A prospective case-control study. Place and Duration: At Cardiology Department of Nishtar Medical University & Hospital Multan from 5th Oct 2020 to 5th Oct 2021. Methodology: A total of 150 postmenopausal women were studied and divided into CVD patients (n=50) and control patients (n=100). The analyzed markers of inflammation included Interleukin-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive Protein, Soluble ICAM-1 (slCAM-1), and Amyloid-A. The Homocysteine, Lipid Profile, and Low and High-density lipoprotein levels were also evaluated. Cardiovascular events considered in our study were death after coronary artery disease, non-fatal heart attack or stroke, or requiring coronary-revascularization methods. Results: In univariate analysis, it was observed that high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels were the strongest risk predictor of cardiovascular diseases. Amyloid-A, High-density lipoprotein, Cholesterol, Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Soluble lCAM-1, Interleukin-6, Apolipoprotein B-100, Homocysteine, total cholesterol, and the ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol also contributed to predicting cardiovascular diseases. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (95% Cl: 1.4(1.0-2.0)) and Amyloid-A (95% Cl: 0.9(0.7-1.5)) were also strong risk predictors in women. On the other hand, in multivariate analyses, only High-sensitivity C-reactive protein and the ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were independent risk predictors. Conclusion: As high-sensitivity CRP is an independent cardiovascular risk predictor, adding it to lipid screening may be a good procedure for identifying women at risk of cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a multi‐objective optimization technique is proposed for the planning of a networked microgrid based on peer‐to‐grid (P2G) and peer‐to‐peer (P2P) energy trading schemes. Two different criteria's including annual profit and energy index of reliability are taken into consideration to form a multi‐objective function. The networked microgrid consists of three individual microgrids containing their own combinations of generation resources, batteries and residential loads. All microgrids are connected together and also to the main grid to meet the energy exchange requirements of P2P energy trading. A cooperative game theory technique based on a particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to model the networked microgrid, and to find the suitable sizes of the players that simultaneously maximize the payoff values of both objective functions. Besides, a comparative analysis is carried out for both P2G and P2P energy trading schemes. The results show that the outcomes are maximum when both criteria are considered in the optimization and P2P energy trading is carried out. The sensitivity analysis is performed on the selected parameters and verified the right change 0.003% and 4.5% in discount rate and electricity prices, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conventional teleportation protocol requires a state entangled in only one degree of freedom (DOF), while hyperteleportation requires more than single DOF to complete the task. The hyperteleportation schematics are demonstrated only for the photonic systems, where in the present paper we extend the idea to a hyperteleportation protocol involving the atomic internal and external states. The protocol is deterministically engineered through resonant and off-resonant atomic Bragg diffraction involving two-level neutral atoms under standard cavity-QED working environment. Moreover, the longer interaction time Bragg’s regime with well separated transverse momenta states as an output of the neutral atoms guarantees the high enough engineering fidelities with reduced decoherence rates. The experimental parameters for the demonstration of the proposed scheme are also elucidated briefly describing the optimistic feasibility for the experimental execution of the proposed schematics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the effects of intra articular platelet rich plasma (PRP) injection on level of pain of knee joint in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Study Design: Prospective observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Aug 2018 to Jan 2019. Methodology: Forty patients with pain due to knee osteoarthritis for intra-articular injection were included in this observational clinical trial after informed consent and fulfilling inclusion criteria. After measuring pain by numerical rating scale, patients received intra articular platelet rich plasma (10ml) therapy in affected knee under fluoroscopy. Using the Numerical rating scale level of pain was evaluated and recorded for each patient at different intervals. Results: There was dramatic improvement in pain score after first and second injection of platelet rich plasma. There was 33.33% improvement at 3rd week, 54.32% at 6th week and 71.60% at 6th month. Conclusion: Platelet rich plasma is safe, cost effective and minimally invasive in reducing pain scores and functional limitation in knee osteoarthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To observe the effects of nandrolone decanoateon renal tubules and its protection by punicagranatum (pomegranate) in mice. Study Design: Lab based experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: One year in Anatomy department, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, in association with National Institution of Health, Islamabad. Methodology: Forty healthy BALB/c mice of both sexes with weight range of 2 5-30gms were equally disseminated into four groups, A as control while B, C and D as trial groups. Three trial groups were inoculated Nandrolone Decanoate 1mg per100 gm of body weight, through intramuscular injections in the hind limb, once weekly for eight weeks. Pomegranate nector was administered in animals of trial group C (3ml per kg of body weight) en route oral gavage tube daily, whereas animals in trial group D was administered pomegranate peel extract (200mg per kg body weight) via oral gavage tube daily for eight weeks. Evaluation of the outcomes of trial groups B, C & D was done amongst them and with control group A. Results: In nandrolone decanoate injected experimental group B, tubular necrosis were appreciated in comparison with control group A (pË, 0.001), and showed statistical improvement when evaluation was done with pomegranate nectar and pomegranate peel extract treated trial groups C (0.001) and D (p=0.001), correspondingly. Conclusion: Punicagranatum in two forms, as nectar and peel extract, has almost identical curative effects on steroid administered renal tubular mutilation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents mechanisms for the investigation of an unsteady magnetohydrodynamic second‐grade fluid flow between two periodically oscillating plates. The flow characterization is given in three forms, that is, Couette flow, Poiseuille flow, and a combination flow of both of them. A mathematical system is generated to design the problems, which are solved in an analytical way with two novel procedures, namely Adomian decomposition method (ADM) and optimal homotopy asymptotic method (OHAM). The numerical comparison, absolute errors, and residuals of OHAM and ADM solutions are evaluated. Results obtained from these two methods are studied comparatively in the form of numbers and graphs. A good agreement between the respective data is obtained. The influences of flow parameters like frequency parameter, non‐Newtonian fluid parameter, magnetic field parameter, pressure gradient parameter, and time variable on velocity v(y, t) have been analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common type of liver cancer worldwide. Patients with HCC have rare chances of survival. The chances of survival increase, if the cancer is diagnosed early. Hence, different machine learning-based methods have been developed by researchers for the accurate detection of HCC. However, high dimensionality (curse of dimensionality) and lower prediction accuracy are the problems in the automated detection of HCC. Dimensionality reduction-based methods have shown state-of-the-art performance on many disease detection problems, which motivates the development of machine learning models based on reduced features dimension. This paper proposes a new hybrid intelligent system that hybridizes three algorithms, i.e., linear discriminant analysis (LDA) for dimensionality reduction, support vector machine (SVM) for classification and genetic algorithm (GA) for SVM optimization. Consequently, the three models are hybridized and one black box model, namely LDA–GA–SVM, is constructed. Experimental results on publicly available HCC dataset show improvement in the HCC prediction accuracy. Apart from performance improvement, the proposed method also shows lower complexity from two aspects, i.e., reduced processing time in terms of hyperparameters optimization and training time. The proposed method achieved accuracy of 90.30%, sensitivity of 82.25%, specificity of 96.07% and Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) of 0.804. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the frequency of successful cannulation of ultrasound assisted inline oblique transducer approach for internal jugular venous cannulation. Study Design: Descriptive Case Series. Setting: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Hameed Latif Hospital, Lahore. Period: 22-02-2017 to 22-08-2017. Material & Methods: In this study the cases were included of both gender and age between 18 to 65 years. Jugular vein was visualized ultrasonographically in an oblique axis and the needle was inserted in the same plane, aligned with the longitudinal axis of the transducer. Success rate was noted. Results: The mean age of patients was 49.94±10.90 years, male to female ratio of the patients was 1.9:1. In this study the successful cannulation was observed in 145/155 (93.55%) patients. Conclusion: It has been observed in this study that the ultrasound assisted inline oblique transducer approach is successful technique for IJV cannulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this endeavor thin‐film flow of magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) fluid in the presence of thermal conductivity and variable viscosity over a porous steady stretching surface with a magnetic field and radioactive heat fluctuation is studied. In this phenomenon the viscosity vary inversely and thermal conductivity directly with temperature. The nonlinear coupled differential equations for the velocity and temperature profiles are achieved and solved by using a new analytical approach, called 3rd form of Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (OHAM‐3). The proposed technique consists of initial guess, embedding parameter, optimal convergence control parameters, auxiliary functions and homotopy. Numerical (ND‐Solve Method) solutions are also achieved and compared with the results gained by the proposed method. The fast convergence of the applied new method and the influence of different physical nondimensional parameters on the velocity and temperature profiles are mainly focused in this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neodymium oxide (Nd2O3) powder with closed packed hexagonal (cph) crystal structure was synthesized from the elemental neodymium (Nd) using soft chemistry route. The hydrated neodymium nitrate was produced by reacting metallic Nd with nitric acid. At 546 °C, the hydrated neodymium nitrate was thermally transformed to body centered cubic (bcc) Nd2O3 in four-stage thermodynamic reactions. The bcc-Nd2O3 was subsequently transformed to cph-Nd2O3 at 1037 °C. A crystallite size of ~ 50 nm was attainable in the process. It was observed that the degree of crystallinity of the powder was increased with longer exposure time (> 30 min) at 1037 °C. In DSC/TGA studies, five endothermic peaks were observed at different temperatures. During XRD evaluations, it was elaborated that each peak corresponded to certain phase transformation, i.e., Nd (OH)2·NO3 monoclinic (at 160 °C), Nd(OH)3 cph (at 315 °C), Nd2O fcc (at 500 °C), Nd2O3 bcc (at 590 °C), and Nd2O3 cph (at 1050 °C). The FTIR evaluation further validated the findings. The grain size and cph structure of the final product were also verified by TEM study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urea is added as an adulterant to give milk whiteness and increase its consistency for improving the solid not fat percentage, but the excessive amount of urea in milk causes overburden and kidney damages. Here, an innovative sensitive methodology based on near‐infrared spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis has been proposed for the robust detection and quantification of urea adulteration in fresh milk samples. In this study, 162 fresh milk samples were used, those consisting 20 nonadulterated samples (without urea) and 142 with urea adulterant. Eight different percentage levels of urea adulterant, that is, 0.10%, 0.30%, 0.50%, 0.70%, 0.90%, 1.10%, 1.30%, and 1.70%, were prepared, each of them prepared in triplicates. A Frontier NIR spectrophotometer (BSEN60825‐1:2007) by Perkin Elmer was used for scanning the absorption of each sample in the wavenumber range of 10,000–4,000 cm‐1, using 0.2 mm path length CaF2 sealed cell at resolution of 2 cm‐1. Principal components analysis (PCA), partial least‐squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA), and partial least‐squares regressions (PLSR) methods were applied for the multivariate analysis of the NIR spectral data collected. PCA was used to reduce the dimensionality of the spectral data and to explore the similarities and differences among the fresh milk samples and the adulterated ones. PLS‐DA also showed the discrimination between the nonadulterated and adulterated milk samples. The R‐square and root mean square error (RMSE) values obtained for the PLS‐DA model were 0.9680 and 0.08%, respectively. Furthermore, PLSR model was also built using the training set of NIR spectral data to make a regression model. For this PLSR model, leave‐one‐out cross‐validation procedure was used as an internal cross‐validation criteria and the R‐square and the root mean square error (RMSE) values for the PLSR model were found as 0.9800 and 0.56%, respectively. The PLSR model was then externally validated using a test set. The root means square error of prediction (RMSEP) obtained was 0.48%. The present proposed study was intended to contribute toward the development of a robust, sensitive, and reproducible method to detect and determine the urea adulterant concentration in fresh milk samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To compare the successful outcome of flap versus no-flap in O'Conor & Sokol technique for simple vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) repair. METHODS: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in department of Urology, Institute of Kidney Diseases, Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, Pakistan from March 2015 to December 2019. During this study period, 64 eligible patients, selected through non-probability convenient sampling technique were assigned to two Groups. Group A included 34 patients who underwent VVF repair through O'Conor & Sokol technique without interposition flap while Group B comprised 30 patients with VVF repair with interposition flap. Patient getting completely dry with no urinary incontinence at primary endpoint of 6 months was labelled as successful outcome. All the pre-operative, per-operative and postoperative data was collected on structured proforma and analyzed on SPSS version-21. RESULTS: The mean age of the patient was 33.8±7.8 years in group A and 35±6.3 years in group B. About 76.5% (n=26/34) patients in group A and 80% (n=24/30) patients in Group B developed VVF due to obstetrical trauma. Overall, O'Conor and Sokol technique of VVF repair was successful by curing urinary incontinence in 95.3% (n=61/64) patients. Successful outcome for O'Conor & Sokol technique was achieved in 94.1% (n=32/94) patients in Group A and 96% (n=29/30) patients in Group B, at 6 months of follow-up (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: There is no significant difference between interposition flap and noflap in outcome of simple VVF repair through O'Conor & Sokol technique. The decision of interposition can be individualized depending upon preference of surgeon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EC Posner [14] proved a commutativity result known as Posner's second theorem for a derivation centralizing on a prime ring. In this paper we prove some results for *-Jordan ideals of MA-semirings with involution. Main objective of this paper is to prove the aforesaid result for *-prime MA-semirings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We extend the concept of *-derivations of rings to a certain class of semirings called MA-semirings and establish some results on commutativity forced by the *-derivations satisfying different criteria. We specially focus on the results on certain conditions under which additive mappings become Jordan *-derivations. -code, which, when self-dual, produces an unimodular lattice by Construction A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To compare the first pass success rate between long and short axis approaches in ultrasound guided IJV cannulation. Study Design: Prospective randomized controlled study. Setting: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. Period: Between 3rd Mar, 2016 to 2nd Sep, 2016. Material & Method: One hundred and ten patients admitted in the ICU were included in this study. Internal jugular vein was visualized ultrasonographically. In group A patients, long-axis view was used, while in group B patients, short-axis view was used to pass the needle. Under aseptic measures, US probe was placed on the neck and IJV viewed with either approach. During needle advancement if the needle penetrates the vein in the first attempt and blood flush-back is viewed, it was labeled as 1st pass success. This first pass success rate was noted. Results: One hundred and ten patients (55 in each group) were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was found to be 33.89 ± 13.35 years in group A and 35.90 ± 14.10 years in group B. The primary outcome of the study was to compare 1st pass success rate in both groups. The first pass success rate was 74.5% in group B (short-axis) and 61.8% in group A (long-axis); independent sample test showed non-significant (P=0.219). There is no difference in the frequency of 1st pass success rate in short axis approach and long axis approach for Ultrasound-guided IJV cannulation. Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided internal jugular venous cannulation with both approaches i.e. short-axis view and long-axis view have no significant difference in terms of first pass and therefore are equally successful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of alpha blocker and phytotherapy in relieving the lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). Methodology: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in Department of Urology, Institute of Kidney Diseases, Peshawar from June 2017 to December 2018. A total of 308 patients, divided randomly in two groups, with 154 patients in each group, were enrolled using consecutive sampling. Group A received tamsulosin (alpha blocker) while patients in group B were put on Saw Palmetto as Phytotherapy. International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Uro-flowmetry were recorded before the therapy after 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 6th months respectively. A pre-designed proforma was used to enter the data, which was analyzed on SPSS version 20.0. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated where needed. Results: Mean age in group A was 65.1 ± 7.09 years, while group B showed 64.7 ± 8.01 years (p=0.442). The mean of IPSS before initiation of treatment in group A was 15.3 ± 3.02 and in group B it was 16.2 ± 3.04 (p=0.07), while post treatment IPSS at 6 months, in group A mean was recorded as 8.5 ± 7.4 and in group B it was 12.07 ± 2.75 (p=0.01). In Uroflowmetry, group A showed mean pre-treatment maximum flow as 8.4 ± 1.3 and in group B it was 8.2 ± 1.1 (p=0.064), while post-treatment maximum flow at 6 months for group A showed mean of 11.8 ± 1.5 and group B had 8.2 ± 1.1 (p=0.001). Conclusion: Alpha blockers are more effective than Phytotherapy in management of symptomatic BPH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare losartan and multi-vitamins as antioxidants in decreasing albuminuria in extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) related renal injury. Material and Methods: This is a randomized control trial done in the Department of Urology "Team C" at Institute of Kidney Diseases (IKD), Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar from June 2018 to March 2020. All the patients with 10 to 15 mm renal stones were included. The patients were divided into two groups; Group A of 90 patients (control) were given multivitamins (Zinc, Selenium, Vitamin A & C) two hours before and one tablet every eight hours after ESWL up to one week. Group B of 90 patients were given Tab. losartan 50 mg two hours before ESWL and once daily after ESWL for one week. The on-spot albuminuria was evaluated before ESWL, at 2-4 hours and one week after standard ESWL (3000 shocks). A structured pro forma was used for the data and the analysis of data was done on SPSS. Results: Almost all the demographics like age, gender, laterality, BMI in both the groups were similar, the albuminuria before ESWL in Group A was 13.9 mg/dl and Group B was 14.1 mg/dl. The albuminuria in Group A was 547 mg/dl after 2-4 hours of ESWL and 581.2mg/dl in Group B (P 0.098). In Group A after one week of ESWL the albuminuria was 88.7 mg/dl versus the albuminuria 41.9 mg/dl in Group B (p< 0.001). Conclusion: Losartan (ARB) is superior to the anti oxidants as a kidney protective agent against ESWL related renal injury by remarkably reduced albuminuria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is aimed at to ascertain the relationship between education of head of the households and their financial vulnerability using data comprising of 17,031 households obtained from Household Integrated Economic Survey 2015–2016 in Pakistan. We have compiled three measures of financial vulnerability at household level i.e. financial margins excluding and including the rental payments and Financial Vulnerability Index (FVI). According to the results, proportion of financially vulnerable households in both measures of financial margin declines along with increase in level of education of the head of households and stands at 66% and 77% for no formal education of the head, 56% and 70% for primary, 42% and 61% for secondary, 27% and 44% for higher secondary, 14% and 32% for graduate and 13% and 24% for post graduate levels of education. FVI results indicate that out of 2504 highly vulnerable households i.e. falling in the bottom 10% of the distribution, 63.8% were those with no formal education of their heads followed by 19.3% with primary, 14.3% with secondary and 1.9% with higher secondary level of education. Further, various levels of education and individual characteristics such as marital status, gender, region, province and employment status of the heads, have been emerged as significant determinants of financial vulnerability in all three estimated measures along with household's income, consumption, savings and rental payments. Findings of the study calls for greater human capital investment both by households and the government of Pakistan in order to stabilize the financial conditions of the households at micro level, which in turn can promote stability and resilience at macro level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]