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The study was aimed to design a nano emulsion formulations of Sage oil and to determine its effectiveness in healing the wound using rats as a model. Sage oil nanoemulsion (o/w) was formulated by a spontaneous emulsification method and tested for physicochemical parameters. The wound creation methods namely; circular excision and linear incision were utilized in the present study. Many specifications like tensile strength, DNA, total protein, Hexosamine and Uronic acid, were estimated from the tissues collected from incised wounds. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the oil was estimated from the wound tissue homogenate. Finally epithelialization period and concentration of TNF-a were also measured. A Significant rise in collagen content by 77.52% and tensile strength by 56.20% were noticed in comparison to control. Reduction in period of epithelialization was noticed by 42.85% in comparison to control. The treatment groups confirmed significant antimicrobial activity in comparison to control. It was evident from the results that Sage oil nano emulsion could be the accelerator in wound healing process and it may be devoid of other drawbacks which would be possible with synthetic drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of a teacher is very important in the provision of a healthy environment to enhance students' performance. Teachers make use of motivational techniques to inspire students to work in different learning situations to attain the best results. This paper examines the relationship between motivational techniques used by university teachers and students' performance. The study consists of 512 university students enrolled in different programs of three universities of Punjab. The data were collected randomly using one questionnaire, based on 26 items. Eight components emerged from the factor analysis involving "learning opportunities, learning activities, teachers' involvement in students' learning, students' expectations with teachers, competitive environment among students, classroom learning environment, assigning a particular task to students by teachers, teacher and students' individual incentives. Multilevel analyses, EFA, Pearson Correlation, Paired-sample t-test, frequency, and percentages were calculated to measure the beliefs. Results revealed that students appreciate the teachers' efforts in the class room. They were self-motivated and willing to complete challenging tasks assigned by teachers and aware of their responsibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]